Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Cobitis: [ 164 ] records

afifeae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:41, Figs. 30-32 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Büyük Menderes River at Cindere about 9 km south of Güney, Denizli province, Turkey, 38.083 29.014. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-99950. Paratypes: FSJF. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis afifeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:333 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:438 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis afifeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Küçük Menderes and Büyük Menderes River drainages (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

aliyeae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:45, Figs. 33-35 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Seyhan River below water regulation doors at Yüreyir, south of Adana, Adana province, Turkey, 36.975 35.335. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-97840. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis aliyeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:333 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:439 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis aliyeae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: lower reaches of the Seyhan and Ceyhan River drainages (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

almadae, Cobitis Doadrio [I.], Sousa-Santos [C.] & Robalo [J.] in Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023:[11], Fig. 6 [Limnetica v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 40299] Sizandro River, Sizandro Drainage, Runa, Portugal, 39°04'04.9"N, 9°12'24.8"W, elevation 42 meters. Holotype: MNCN ICTIO 29821. Paratypes: MNCN. •Valid as Cobitis almadae Doadrio, Sousa-Santos & Robalo 2023. Current status: Valid as Cobitis almadae Doadrio, Sousa-Santos & Robalo 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Sizandro River drainage, Runa, Portugal. Habitat: freshwater.

amphilekta, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 2012:200, Figs. 2, 3, 4a, 5 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 52 (no. 3); ref. 31976] Caspian Sea near Port Il'icha between old bed of the Kumbashi River and state farm, Azerbaijan. Holotype: ZMMU P-22794 [ex. ZMMU P-3741]. Paratypes: many ar ZMMU. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 23267], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36385], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:149 [ref. 37810], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Freyhof et al. 2025:440 [ref. 42718]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin, Azerbaijan and brackish waters of the northeastern Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

anabelae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:48, Figs. 36-38 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Karasu River about 4 km south of Kırıkhan, Hatay province, Turkey, 36.465 36.380. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-98633. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis anabelae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Saad et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:441 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis anabelae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: lower reaches of the Orontes River drainage (Turkey and Syria). Habitat: freshwater.

anatoliae, Cobitinula Hankó [B.] 1925:152, Fig. 5; Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Lake Ak-Göl, Turkey. Syntypes: MNH (2). Hankó 1924:154 acts as first revisor, selecting turcica over anatoliae. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952] with question). •Synonym of Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925 -- (Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2024:58 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

arachthosensis, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:313, Fig. 12a-f [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Arachthos death branch near Akropotamia village, Epirus, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1988-137. Paratypes: ISBB 4571 (2), 4574 (10); MNHN 1994-0515 (2); MZUT 1997-356 (2), 1988-96 (5), 1988-97 (46); NMW 92821 (1); SMF 27233 (1); USNM 330136 (1). Appeared first as arahthosensis in Economidis 1991:28 [ref. 23018] without distinguishing features. Also as name only in Economidis 1992:75 [ref. 23021]. •Valid as Cobitis sp. 3 -- (Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant 1996 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Howe 1999:138 [ref. 25501], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:305 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:71 [ref. 35029], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis arachthosensis Economidis & Nalbant 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

arenae, Misgurnus Lin [S.-Y.] 1934:227, Figs. 5-6 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 12420] Western Lake, Hwei-yang District, Kwangtung, China. Holotype: FESC (now at PRFRI) M10. •Valid as Acantopsis arenae (Lin 1934) -- (Kottelat 2001:49 [ref. 25482]). •Valid, but in an unnamed genus -- (Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis arenae (Lin 1934) -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Zheng et al. 1989:61 [ref. 21202], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:254 [ref. 23876], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Kim et al. 1999:376 [ref. 25348], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2011:149 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis arenae (Lin 1934). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Nandujiang River and Pearl River basins (China). IUCN (2011): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

atlantica, Cobitis Doadrio [I.], Sousa-Santos [C.], Robalo [J.] & Perea [S.] 2023:[12], Fig. 8 [Limnetica v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 40299] Alcoa River, Alcoa Drainage, Fervença, Portugal, 39°34'01.3"N, 8°59'21.2"W, elevation 86 meters. Holotype: MNCN ICTIO 29839. Paratypes: MNCN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis atlantica Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023. Current status: Valid as Cobitis atlantica Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: northern Atlantic drainages, Iberian Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

austiumensis, Cobitis Endruweit [M.] 2025:232, Figs. 26c, 28c, 222 [Fishes of the Red River - Cypriniformes, Siluriformes; ref. 42401] Baishui Creek, ca. 22°18'N 113°04'E, Yinyu River system, Yaxi County, Xingui District, Jiangmen Prefecture, Guangdong (China). Holotype: KIZ 2010000320. Paratypes: KIZ 2010000318-19, 737 (3). •Valid as Cobitis austiumensis Endruweit 2025. Current status: Valid as Cobitis austiumensis Endruweit 2025. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yinyu River drainage, Guangdong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

australis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Chen [C.-Y.] & He [D.-K.] 2013:382, Figs. 3-8 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 32679] Yougjiang River, Pearl River basin, Nanning City, southern Guangxi, southern China, 22°79'N, 108°33'E. Holotype: IHB 0605157. Paratypes: IHB 0605158 (1). •Valid as Cobitis australis Chen, Chen & He 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712], Endruweit 2025:235 [ref. 42401]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis australis Chen, Chen & He 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yongjiang, Yujiang and Liujiang River drainages, Guangxi (China). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

avicennae, Cobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vatandoust [S.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2015:562, Figs. 3-7 [Zootaxa 3914 (no. 5); ref. 33668] Hamedan Province, Gamasiab River at Dehno, a tributary to Karkheh, 34°10'15"N, 48°21'19"E, Iran, altitude 1610 meters. Holotype: GUIC CC1462MA. Paratypes: CUIC CC1462M (6). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof 2015 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:881 [ref. 34062], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:155 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2024:47 [ref. 40789], Ghaderi et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41095], Freyhof et al. 2025:441 [ref. 42718]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Middle East: Lower Tigris River drainage (Iran, Iraq) and possibly Kurdistan (Iraq). Habitat: freshwater.

baishagensis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], Liang [N.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2016:522, Figs. 4c-d, 5e-h, 6, 7 [Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 34014] Nandujiang River, Baisha County, Hainan Province, southern China, 19°22'N, 109°49'E. Holotype: IHASW 76v4987. Paratypes: HU, IHASW. •Valid as Cobitis baishagensis Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis baishagensis Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Nandujiang River, Hainan Province (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

battalgili, Cobitis Băcescu [M. C.] 1962:437 [3], Fig. 1b [Revue de Biologie, Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine, Bucarest v. 6 (no. 4) [for 1961]; ref. 6454] Turkey [probably from Lake Beyşehir]. Lectotype: ZMH 4744. Paralectotypes: ZMH 4745 (4). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:412 [ref. 21161]. Described in key, apparently no types mentioned and no holotype established. Named after a woman, so corrected to battalgilae. Lectotype designation by Freyhof et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36385], erroneously named holotype by Wilkens & Dohse 1993. •Provisionally a synonym of Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis battalgili Băcescu 1962 -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:905 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Vassilev 1998:283 [ref. 24118], Erk'akan & Özdemir 2014: 276 [ref. 33489], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644]). •Valid as Cobitis battalgilae Băcescu 1962 -- (Freyhof et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36385], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37381], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:47 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:442 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis battalgilae Băcescu 1962. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir and Lake Suğla basins, Manavgat River basin, and below the Apa Reservoir (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

beijingensis, Cobitis Sun [Z.-X.] & Zhao [Y.-H.] in Sun, Li, Li, Hao, Sheng & Zhao 2025:57, Figs. 2-5A [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 101 (no. 1); ref. 41816] Chaobaihe River, Shilipu Township, Miyun District, Beijing, China, 40.33574769°N, 116.79236588°E, elevation 52 meters. Holotype: ASIZB 240630. Paratypes: (25) ASIZB. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis beijingensis Sun & Zhao 2025. Current status: Valid as Cobitis beijingensis Sun & Zhao 2025. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Chaobaihe River drainage, Beijing, Hebei Province, China; formerly also Haihe River basin and Baiyangdian Lake, Beijing. Habitat: freshwater.

bilineata, Cobitis taenia var. Canestrini [G.] 1865:305 [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia v. 3 (fasc. 2); ref. 20858] Modenese and Treviso, Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962], Bianco 1988:154 [ref. 22383]). •Valid as Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:195 [ref. 26728], Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007:269 [ref. 29344], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:305 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:59 [ref. 29926], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:6 [ref. 31648], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 23267], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367], Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897], Buj et al. 2014:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Ćaleta et al. 2019:147 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Buj et al. 2020:[5] 205 [ref. 43339], Bellucci et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38590], Novaga et al. 2024:395 [ref. 41169], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2024:[2] [ref. 41229]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Europe: France, Switzerland, Adriatic rivers of Italy south to central Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

bilseli, Cobitis Battalgil [F.] 1942:292, Fig. 4 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Beysehir Lake, Turkey. No types known. •Valid as Cobitis bilseli Battalgil 1942 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:20 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36385], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:47 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:443 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis bilseli Battalgil 1942. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Beyşehir and tributaries (Isparta and Konya provinces) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

biwae, Cobitis Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:748 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1235); ref. 2504] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2703. Paralectotypes: RMNH 36368 (7). Replacement name for Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846, preoccupied by Cobitis japonica Houttuyn 1782. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:167 [ref. 12876] for japonica. •Valid as Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Kuroda 1953:277 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:555 [ref. 6363], Sawada & Azizawa 1983:318 [ref. 27179], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:392 [ref. 25598], Sato 1995:51 [ref. 25531], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Shimizu et al. 1998:381 [ref. 23635], Sato et al. 1998:37 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:6 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:274 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:162 [ref. 26000], Kitagawa et al. 2001:250 [ref. 25686], Nakabo 2002:274 [ref. 26001], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712], Takahashi 2026:381 [ref. 42804]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Kyushu Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

brachysoma, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, Chen, He & Chen 2018:162, Figs. 8-17 [Zoological Systematics v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 35932] Suijiang River, tributary of the Pearl River, Guangning County, Guangdong, China, 23°64'N, 112°44'E, elevation 65 meters. Holotype: HU 1506334. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Cobitis brachysoma Chen & Chen 2018. Current status: Valid as Cobitis brachysoma Chen & Chen 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Suijiang, Zengjiang and Nalongjiang River drainages, Guangdong (China). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

brevifasciata, Niwaella Kim [I.-S.] & Lee [W.-O.] 1995:285, Figs. 1-3 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (nos 3/4); ref. 22178] Koûp stream, Yamag-ri, Pungyang-myon, Kohûng-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea, 34°34'06"N, 127°14'46"E. Holotype: CNU 19907. Paratypes: CNU 19889-90 (2), 19894 (1), 18943 (1), 18948 (1), 18950-52 (3), 18957 (1), 19909 (1), 19900-02 (3); NSMT-P 46666-68 (3). •Valid as Niwaella brevifasciata Kim & Lee 1995 -- (Kim 1997:314 [ref. 24032], Choi et al. 2003:178, 522 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Choia brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995) -- (Kim et al. 1997:192 [ref. 24117]). •Valid as Kichulchoia brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995) -- (Kim et al. 1999:374 [ref. 25348], Kim & Park 2002:232 [ref. 25913], Kim 2009:17 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995) -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis brevifasciata (Kim & Lee 1995). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: southern Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinna, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:498, Figs. 18-23 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Dongshaoxi River (a tributary of the Shaoxi River), Lin'an, Zhejiang, China, 30°24'N, 119°68'E. Holotype: HU 1608312. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Niwaella brevipinna Chen & Chen 2017 -- (Zhang et al. 2025:111 [ref. 41899]). •Valid as Cobitis brevipinna (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis brevipinna (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Dongtiao-Xi drainage, Shaoxi River basin (eastern China). IUCN (2024): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

calderoni, Cobitis Băcescu [M. C.] 1962:440, Figs. 3A-C; Pls. 1(2-3), 2 (6-8) [Revue de Biologie, Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine, Bucarest v. 6 (no. 4) [for 1961]; ref. 6454] Río Arlanzón, tributary of Río Duero (Atlantic basin), at Cardena-Jimeno and "La Gravera", Spain. Holotype: MGAB 49415 [ex MGAB 7]. Paratypes: MGAB 7 (59, with holotype); MOM 0091-2512 (3). Additional material: BMNH 1964.12.23.1-2 (2) Toja River. Specific locality for holotype unknown (see Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis calderoni Băcescu 1962 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952] with genus tentative, Leunda et al. 29210:13 [ref. 29210], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:306 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis calderoni Băcescu 1962. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: northern Portugal and northern Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

choii, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.] & Son [Y.-M.] 1984:50, Fig. 1 [Korean Journal of Zoology v. 27 (no. 1); ref. 17435] Miheo-cheon stream, tributary of the Geum River at Yeocheon-ri, Ochang-myon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbug-do Province, Korea. Holotype: CNU [CNUC] 4854. Paratypes: CNU 4847-4848 (2), 4850-4851 (2), 5028-5030 (3), 5039 (1), 5041 (1), 5043 (1), 5045 (1), 5056 (1), 5060 (1). •Valid as Iksookimia choii (Kim & Son 1984) -- (Kim & Park 1997:252 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:296 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:212 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 520 [ref. 26218], Kottelat 2006:89 [ref. 28831]). •Valid as Cobitis choii Kim & Son 1984 -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:97 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085], Kim 2009:9 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:589 [ref. 34979], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712], Dyldin et al. 2020:92, 94 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40328], Sun et al. 2025:64 [ref. 41816]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis choii Kim & Son 1984. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Russia, Mongolia and China to Korean Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

crassicauda, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2013:88, Figs. 3A, 3C, 4 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Yujiang County, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°12′N, 116°49′E, China. Holotype: IHB 9607027. Paratypes: all at IHB. •Valid as Cobitis crassicauda Chen & Chen 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis crassicauda Chen & Chen 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Xinjiang drainage, Jiangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

dalmatina, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:163 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Cetina River, Dalmatia, Croatia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Also in Karaman 1929:173 [ref. 15904]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis dalmatina Karaman 1928 -- (Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007:269 [ref. 29344], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:306 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:60 [ref. 29926], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Buj et al. 2013:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Tutman et al. 2018:219 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:147 [ref. 37026], Tutman et al. 2026:30 [ref. 43241]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis dalmatina Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Cetina River drainage (Croatia). IUCN (2024): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

damlae, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.] & Özdemir [F.] 2014:275, Figs. 1, 3-4, 8 [Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 42 (no. 2); ref. 33489] Dalaman Stream, Burdur Province, 37°08'55.66"N, 29°39'42.57"E, Turkey. Holotype (unique): HUIC 1. •Valid as Cobitis damlae Erk'akan & Özdemir 2014 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267]). •Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Freyhof et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2024:50 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

danubialis, Cobitis taenia Nalbant [T. T.] (ex Băcescu) 1993:109, Fig. 29-33 [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Mures River at Sarmas, Harghita, Transilvania, Romania. Holotype: MGAB 49923. Paratypes: ISBB 2902 (5), 3021 (5), 4168 (6), 4501 (1), MGAB 49924 (3). •Synonym of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Tutman et al. 2018:217 [ref. 35876]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

delicata, Cobitis Niwa [H.] 1937:72, Figs. 1-2 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 15293] Agi River, branch stream of Kiso River, central Japan. Holotype: not researched. Paratypes: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Niwaella delicata (Niwa 1937) -- (Okada 1961:564 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:395 [ref. 25598], Kim & Lee 1995:289 [ref. 22178], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Shimizu et al. 1998:381 [ref. 23635], Nakabo 2000:273 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:177 [ref. 26000], Son & He 2001:4 [ref. 25331], Nakabo 2002:273 [ref. 26001], Chen & Chen 2005:1645 [ref. 28174], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis delicata Niwa 1937 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis delicata Niwa 1937. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

derzhavini, Cobitis Vasil’eva [E. D.], Solovyeva [E. N.], Levin [B. A.] & Vasil’ev [V. P.] 2020:142, Figs. 4-10, 13 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 37810] Tributary of Kara-Su River at Tsadokhly, Ganja-Qazakh region, Azerbaijan, 41°22'48.6"N, 45°09'24.5"E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24184. Paratypes: ZMMU P-24183 (10 + 7). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis derzhavini Vasil’eva, Solovyeva, Levin & Vasil’ev 2020 -- (Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2020:559 [ref. 37827], Freyhof et al. 2025:445 [ref. 42718]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis derzhavini Vasil’eva, Solovyeva, Levin & Vasil’ev 2020. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Lower Kura River drainage (Azerbaijan). Habitat: freshwater.

dolichorhynchus, Cobitis Nichols [J. T.] 1918:16 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 31; ref. 3171] Futsing, Fukien Province, China. Holotype (unique): AMNH 7026. Non-types: NRM 15480 [ex AMNH 11123] (1). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies -- (Mai 1978:225 [ref. 13511] as dolychorhynchus). •Synonym of Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 -- (Chen 1981:24 [ref. 8242], Kottelat 2001:50 [ref. 25482]). •Mention -- (Kottelat 1984:811 [ref. 11440]). •Valid as Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols 1918 -- (Kim et al. 1999:377 [ref. 25348], Freyhof & Serov 2000:214 [ref. 35928], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis dolichorhynchus Nichols 1918. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Jiulong and Mulanxi River drainages, Fujian Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

dorademiri, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Özdemir [F.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2017:83, Fig. 1 [FishTaxa v. 6 [v. 2 (no. 2)]; ref. 35341] Balıklı stream, Köyceğiz Basin, Muğla province, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC-AKDY1. Paratypes: HUIC. •Valid as Cobitis dorademiri Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:48 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:445 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis dorademiri Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Köyceğiz basin and lower Dalaman River drainage, Muğla Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

elazigensis, Cobitis Coad [B. W.] & Sarieyyüpoglu [M.] 1988:426, Figs. 1-2 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 34 (no. 4); ref. 9105] Creek at Cip, drainage of Murat Nehri, tributary of Euphrates River, Elazig Province, Turkey, 38°42'N, 39°05'E. Holotype: NMC 85-0679A. Paratypes: NMC 85-0679 (4), 85-0680 (4). •Provisionally a synonym of Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988 -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Bayhan 2021:247 [ref. 40683], Çiçek et al. 2023:334 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:48 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:446 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Upper Euphrates River basin (Turkey, Iran and possibly Syria). Habitat: freshwater.

elongata, Cobitis Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:305, Fig. 164 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Sala River near Idria, Carniola, Slovinia. Syntypes: NMW 48609-10 (3, 2). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:890 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner 1857 -- (Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Coad 1991:24 [ref. 15702], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:35 [ref. 26746], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:307 [ref. 29996], Ćaleta et al. 2015:21 [ref. 34877], Tutman et al. 2018:216 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:147 [ref. 37026], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Iftime & Oţel 2025:8 [ref. 42600], Togor et al. 2025:306 [ref. 42684], Tutman et al. 2026:30 [ref. 43241]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis elongata Heckel & Kner 1857. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: southern tributaries of Danube River drainage. IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatoides, Cobitis taenia Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.] 1969:60 [39] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1, art. 54); ref. 7715] Argesel River, Arges River drainage, Danube River basin, southern Carpathians, Romania. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Appeared first as Cobitis taenia var. elongatoïdes in Băcescu 1962:294 [ref. 23020] which Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952] regards as infrasubspecific. Available as above. On p. 39 of English translation, misspelled as elangotoides in the Russian version on page 54. Second author also spelled Maier. •Valid as Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Hanel 2003:54 [ref. 27894], Bohlen et al. 2005:103 [ref. 28439], Hanel & Lusk 2005:279 [ref. 28804], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:307 [ref. 29996], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tutman et al. 2018:217 [ref. 35876], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026], Delmastro et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39859], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Fedorčák & Koščo 2025:142 [ref. 42535], Iftime & Oţel 2025:9 [ref. 42600]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Danube River drainage. IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Apparently introduced in northern Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

emrei, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:52, Figs. 39-41 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Stream Kurtköy flowing to Lake Sapanca at Kurtköy, Adapazarı (Sakarya) province, Turkey, 40.713 30.175. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-099187. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis emrei Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:335 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:49 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:447 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis emrei Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Sapanca basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

erkakanae, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:55, Figs. 42-44 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] River connecting Lakes Gölbaşı and Azaplı west of Gölbaşı, Adıyaman province, Turkey, 37.790 37.626. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-98958. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis erkakanae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:335 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:49 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:447 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis erkakanae Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Gölbaşı lakes basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

evreni, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Özeren [S. C.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2008:112, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 29860] Kömür Stream - Göksun-Kahramanmaras, Turkey, 38°00'52.24"N, 36°30'31.11"E. Holotype: HUIC-CEY-2. Paratypes: HUIC-CEY-2 (4). •Valid as Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008 -- (Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36385], Özdemir 2019:597 [ref. 36384], Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:335 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:50 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:448 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: middle Ceyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Kahramanmaraş Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

fahireae, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:10, Figs. 2A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Küçük Menderes River, Selçuk-Aydin, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (28, 42, 19); ISBB 4684-86 (4, 1, 3). Spelled fahireae and felirae; Kottelat 2012:25 selected fahireae. •Valid as Cobitis fahirae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:17 [ref. 25143], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216] as fahireae, Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367] as fahireae, Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151] as fahirae, Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644] as fahirae, Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:50 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:449 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689] as fahirae). Current status: Valid as Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: eastern Aegean Sea basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

faridpaki, Cobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vasil'eva [E. D.], Vatandoust [S.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 2011:928, Figs. 2-4 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 51 (no. 10); ref. 31700] Siahrud River, Mazandaran region, 36°26'85.05"N, 52°56'70.08"E, northern Iran, elevation 83 meters. Holotype: GUIC CC1403MA. Paratypes: GUIC CCC1403M (3). CC1404M (9), CC1405 (10); ZMMU P-22694 (2), See also Cobitis keyvani. •Valid as Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011 -- (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:881 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:120 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:156 [ref. 37983], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:149 [ref. 37810], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789], Ghaderi et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41095], Freyhof et al. 2025:450 [ref. 42718]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Middle East: eastern Caspian Sea tributaries (northern Iran) and Volga delta, northern Caspian Sea (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

fasciola, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2013:85, Figs. 2, 3A, 3C. [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Yujiang County, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°12′N, 116°49'W, China. Holotype: IHB 9607002. Paratypes: all at IHB. •Valid as Cobitis fasciola Chen & Chen 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis fasciola Chen & Chen 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Xinjiang and Le'anjiang drainages, Jiangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

feroniae, Cobitis Novaga [R.], Bellucci [D.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2024:389, Figs. 3-7 [Zootaxa 5458 (no. 3); ref. 41169] Fosso del Moscarello at Latina, Latina Province, Latium Region, Italy, 41.508745, 12.836667. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-133324. Paratypes: ZFMK ICH-133325-53 (29), ICH-133406-09 (4). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis feroniae Novaga, Bellucci, Geiger & Freyhof 2024. Current status: Valid as Cobitis feroniae Novaga, Bellucci, Geiger & Freyhof 2024. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Pontine and Fondi plains, Latium region and Sarno catchment, Campania region, Salerno, Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

fimbriata, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:496, Figs. 8-11 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Dongshaoxi River (a tributary of the Shaoxi River), Lin'an, Zhejiang, China, 30°24'N, 119°68'E. Holotype: HU 1540121. Paratype: HU. •Valid as Niwaella fimbriata Chen & Chen 2017 -- (Zhang et al. 2025:111 [ref. 41899]). •Valid as Cobitis fimbriata (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis fimbriata (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Dongtiao-Xi drainage, Shaoxi River basin, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

fluviatilis, Cobites Dralet [É.-F.] 1821:40 [Considérations sur l'histoire naturelle des poissons, sur la pêche et les lois qui la régissent.; ref. 17418] No locality. Based on Rondelet. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

fuchigamii, Cobitis striata Nakajima [J.] 2012:113, Figs. 3B, 4c, D, 5B, 6B [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Kakenouma River, Onga River system, Iizuka, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Holotype: TKMP-P17341. Paratypes: FKUN 33734 (1), MPM-FI1501 (1), JNC 042 (1), KPM-NI29503 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936, but a valid subspecies fuchigamii Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Onga River system, northern Kyushu, Japan [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater.

fusunae, Cobitis Özdemir [F.] 2019:594, Figs. 1-5 [Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry v. 46 (no. 4); ref. 36384] Gurba at Yeşilhisar, Sultan Marsh, Kayseri province, Turkey, 38°12'12.37"N, 35°13'55.65"E. Holotype: NHVUIC 17003-1. Paratypes: NHVUIC. Plus additional non-type material. Not available from electronic versions, without ZooBank registration. Electronic versions of 13 Nov. 2018 and 20 Dec. 2018 with 3 authors (F. Özdemir, S. Sungur and S. Eagderi); version of 2 Jan. 2019 with 1 author (F. Özdemir). •In the synonymy of Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:452 [ref. 42718]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gladkovi, Cobitis melanoleuca Vasil'ev [V. P.] & Vasil'eva [E. D.] 2008:9, Fig. 9 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 29549] Severskii Donets River basin of the Don River, near the village of Starodubovka, Staraya Stanitsa, Siberia, Russia. Holotype: ZMUU R-21654. Paratypes: ZMMU R -21655 (6). Plus unspecified material. •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925, but a valid subspecies gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008 as described. •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Dyldin et al. 2020:109 [ref. 37569]). •Valid as Cobitis gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008 -- (Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Dyldin et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis gladkovi Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Basins of the Volga, Don, Kuban and Eya rivers and brackish bays of the northern Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

gracilis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2016:381, Figs. 3-12 [Zoological Systematics v. 41 (no. 4); ref. 34890] Yalu River, Linjiang, Jilin, China, 41°81'N, 126°92'E. Holotype: HU 1600062. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Cobitis gracilis Chen & Chen 2016 -- (Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712], Sun et al. 2025:66 [ref. 41816]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis gracilis Chen & Chen 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Ussuri and Yalu River drainages, Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces, China. Habitat: freshwater.

granoei, Cobitis taenia Rendahl [H.] 1935:332, Figs. 5-6 [Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica v. 10 (for 3 Mar. 1934); ref. 15674] Irtysh River near Omsk, western Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: MZH (6 or 7), NRM 10654 (2). Burg acts as first responder, selecting sibirica Gladkov over granoei Rendahl. Rendahl 1935:332 [ref. 15674] designates 2 females as holotypes -- one is in Helsinki, but the designation not clear; neither is the holotype. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, subspecies sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Berg 1949:893 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, subspecies granoei Rendahl 1935 -- (Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:65 [ref. 37748]). •Synonym of Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 but a valid subspecies granoei -- (Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016]). •Valid as Cobitis granoei Rendahl 1935 -- (Kim 1980:444 [ref. 39488], Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213] as granoci, Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:47 [ref. 22798], Wang et al. 2001:176 [ref. 26566] as granoci, Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Sideleva 2001:54 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28933], Prokofiev 2007:118 [ref. 29368], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: North Asia, East Asia: Russia, Mongolia and Ulungur River drainage, China [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

haasi, Cobitis taenia Klausewitz [W.] 1955:42, Fig. 2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 36 (nos 1/2); ref. 12204] Albufera, near Valencia, Spain. Holotype: SMF 3232. Paratypes: SMF 3231 (orig. 13, now 12); USNM 195985 (1). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis haasi Klausewitz 1955 -- (Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis haasi Klausewitz 1955. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Serpis River drainage, eastern Central Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

hakataensis, Cobitis striata Nakajima [J.] 2012:115, Figs. 3C, 4E, F, 5C, 6V [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Tatara River, Kasuya, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17342. Paratypes: JNC 005 (1), 041 (1), 006 (1); KPM-NI29504 (1); MPM-FI1502 (1); FKUN 33756 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936, but a valid subspecies hakataensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: streams in the Fukuoka Plain, northern Kasuya, Japan [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater.

hankugensis, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.], Son [Y.-M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2003:2, Figs. 1-2 [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 26956] Dojeon-ri, Sengbirryang-myeon, San-chong-gun, Gyongsangnam-do, Korea. Holotype: CNU 33912. Paratypes: CNU 32943-47 (5), 33913-17 (5), 33918-22 (5). •Valid as Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant 2003 -- (Kim 2009:9 [ref. 30457], Chae & Yoon 2010:101 [ref. 31571], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:589 [ref. 34979]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hankugensis Kim, Park, Son & Nalbant 2003. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Korean Peninsula. Habitat: freshwater.

hellenica, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:311, Figs. 10 (a-f), 12 (g-i) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] River Louros catchment at Barbanakos spring near village of Stephani, Epirus, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1989-115. Paratypes: CAS uncat. (2); ISBB 3967 (13), 4569 (10), 4577 (33), 4570 (11); MGAB uncat. (2); MNHN 1994-0514 (1); MZUT 1963-5 (22), 1977-232 (5), 1979-22 (29), 1987-42 (25), 1988-95 (15), 1989-41 (34), 1989-43 (4); NMW 92820 (2); RMNH uncat. (4); SMF 22318 (5), 27232 (2); USNM 330135 (2); ZSM 27086 (2). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:254 [ref. 31652]. Also as name only in Economidis 1992:49, 75 [ref. 23021]. Appeared first in Economidis 1991:28, 41, Figs. 1-2 without distinguishing features. •Valid as Cobitis sp. 2 -- (Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant 1996 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:308 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:71 [ref. 35029], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hellenica Economidis & Nalbant 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Western Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

hereromacula, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], Liang [N.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2016:518, Figs. 2, 3, 4a-b, 5a-d [Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 34014] Luohe River, Haifeng County, Guangdong Province, southern China, 22°97'N, 115°37'E. Holotype: IHASW 76iv8293. Paratypes: HU, IHASW. The name heteromacula was possibly meant, but hereromacula was used throughout the paper, so this name should be used. •Valid as Cobitis hereromacula Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712] as heteromacula). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hereromacula Chen, Sui, Liang & Chen 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: Luohe River (Longjin River), Guangdong Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

herzegoviniensis, Cobitis Buj [I.] & Šanda [R.] in Buj, Šanda, Marčič, C'aleta & Mrakočič 2014:20, 9 [PLoS ONE v. 9 (no. 6): e99833; ref. 33367] Lištica River drainage (Neretva River tributary) in the Mostarsko blato karstic field, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 43°22'41.30"N, 17°19'98.30'E, elevation 227 meters. Holotype: NMP P6V 80904. Paratypes: NMP P6V 80903, 80905, PMR VP 2950-52; P6V 81173, 75-77, 79. •Valid as Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj & Šanda 2014 -- (Tutman et al. 2018:218 [ref. 35876], Tutman et al. 2026:31 [ref. 43241]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj & Šanda 2014. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Lištica River drainage, Neretva River tributary (Bosnia-Herzegovina). IUCN (2024): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

hugowolfeldi, Iksookimia Nalbant [T. T.] 1993:106, Figs. 1, 6, 11, 12 [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Yung San River, South Korea. Holotype: ISBB 4495. Paratypes: ISBB 4496 (2). •Valid as Iksookimia hugowolfeldi Nalbant 1993 -- (Kim & Park 1997:254 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:299 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:216 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Kim 2009:12 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Choi et al. 2025:1073 [ref. 42367]). •Valid as Cobitis hugowolfeldi (Nalbant 1993). Current status: Valid as Cobitis hugowolfeldi (Nalbant 1993). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: southwestern South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

illyrica, Cobitis Freyhof [J.] & Stelbrink [B.] 2007:270, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 29344] Small lake south of Lake Prolozak, 48°28'13"N, 17°07'20"E, Imotsko polje, Croatia. Holotype: ZMB 33753. Paratypes: ZMB 33754 (3). •Valid as Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:308 [ref. 29996], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Buj et al. 2013:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tutman et al. 2018:218 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026], Tutman et al. 2026:32 [ref. 43241]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis illyrica Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Adriatic basin (Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina). IUCN (2024): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

indus, Cobitis Eagderi [S.], Seçer [B.] & Freyhof [J.] 2022:414, Figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 5162 (no. 4); ref. 39387] Dalaman River at Alci, Denizli Province, Turkey, 37.1476, 29.1876. Holotype: NHVUIC 1708-H. Paratypes: FSJF 4099 (6), NHVUIC 1708 (15). Holotype also seen as NUIC 1708-M. •Valid as Cobitis indus Eagderi, Seçer & Freyhof 2022 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:451 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis indus Eagderi, Seçer & Freyhof 2022. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: middle Dalaman River drainage (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

jadovaensis, Cobitis Mustafic [P.] & Mrakovčić [M.] in Mustafic et al. 2008:5, Figs. 2-4 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 57 (nos 1-2); ref. 29642] Small refuge pond remaining after drying out of Jadova River, 44°30'14.6"N, 15°32'42.5"E, Croatia, elevation 582 meters. Holotype: PMR VP1654. Paratypes: PMF ZZ2171 (9), ZZ2172 (2); PMR VP1655 (2) •Valid as Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovčić 2008 -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Buj et al. 2014:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis jadovaensis Mustafic & Mrakovčić 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Jadova River (Croatia). Habitat: freshwater.

japonica, Cobitis taenia Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:222, Pl. 103 (figs. 3-3a) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Near Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 2703a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 2703 (up to 6 of 7). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:167 [ref. 12876]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cobitis japonica Houttuyn 1782, replaced by Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. •Objective synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Sawada & Azizawa 1983:318 [ref. 27179], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

joergbohleni, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:58, Figs. 45-47 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Spring Soysallı, about 1 km north of Soysallı, Kayseri province, Turkey, 38.390 35.365. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-97624. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Sungur et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40402], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:452 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis joergbohleni Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sultan Sazlığı marshes (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

kaibarai, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2012:116, Fig. 3B, 5C, 6D, 7A & B [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Mitsuru River, Chikugo River system, Ukiha, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17343. Paratypes: MPN-FI1503 (1); JNC 015 (1), 016 (1), 018 (1); KPM NI29505 (1), NI9231 (1). •Valid as Cobitis kaibarai Nakajima 2012 -- (Nakajima 2016:126 [ref. 34247], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477] as kaibrai). Current status: Valid as Cobitis kaibarai Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Kyushu (Japan). Habitat: freshwater.

kellei, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:10, Figs. 1 A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Göksu stream, Tigris catchment, Cinar, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Holotype: ISBB 4682. Paratypes: ISBB 4683 (1). •Valid as Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:14 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:336 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:52 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:452 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:15 [ref. 42689], Kaya et al. 2026:[3] [ref. 42858]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Göksu River drainage, upper Tigris River [Dicle Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Diyarbakιr Province (Turkey). Probably extinct (see Kaya et al. 2026:[6] [ref. 42858]). Habitat: freshwater.

keyvani, Cobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Yerli [S. V.], Vatandoust [S.], Özeren [S. C.] & Moradkhani [Z.] 2012:8, Fig. 3-5 [Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences v. 12; ref. 31808] Keselian stream, Talar River, southeast of the Caspian Sea basin, Mazandarann Province, Iran, 36°11'74.09"N, 53°00'92.01"E, elevation 473 meters. Holotype: GUIC CC1389MA. Paratypes: GUIC CC1389M (8), 1390 (6), 1391 (5). •Valid as Cobitis keyvani Mousavi-Sabet, Yerli, Vatandoust, Özeren & Moradkhani 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095]). •Synonym of Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:156 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:51 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis faridpaki Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev 2011. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

koreensis, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.] 1975:51, Fig. 1 [Korean Journal of Limnology v. 8 (no. 3-4); ref. 7258] Jojong River, tributary of the Han River, at Sang-myon, Gapyong-gun, Gyong gi-do, South Korea. Holotype: CNU 21674. Paratypes: CNU 21675-21679 (5). •Valid as Iksookimia koreensis (Kim 1975) -- (Kim & Park 1997:252 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:293 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Kim & Lee 2001:46 [ref. 25334], Kim & Park 2002:208 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Kim 2009:13 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis koreensis Kim 1975 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis koreensis Kim 1975. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: northwestern South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

kurui, Cobitis vardarensis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:13, Fig. [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Menderes River, at Saplik bridge, Selçuk-Aydin, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (29). •Synonym of Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:14 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis kurui Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341]). •Synonym of Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Freyhof et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis fahireae Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lachnostoma, Acanthopsis Rutter [C. L.] 1897:60 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 49; ref. 12329] Swatow, Shantou, coast of southeastern China. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 1812. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. Species author middle initial is a "L" •Valid as Acantopsis lachnostoma Rutter 1897 -- (Roberts 1989:99 [ref. 6439] as Acanthopsis). •Synonym of Acantopsis choirorhynchos (Bleeker 1854) -- (Ye in Pan et al. 1991:252 [ref. 23876] as Acanthopsis). •In Cobitis, as species inquirenda -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Boyd et al. 2017:183 [ref. 35656]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis lachnostoma (Rutter 1897). Cobitidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

laoensis, Misgurnus Sauvage [H.-E.] 1878:241 [9] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 2; ref. 3879] Laos [possible Vietrnam]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-0840. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:93 [ref. 19574]. On p. 9 of separate. •Valid as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 1984:809 [ref. 11440], Doi 1997:14 [ref. 22832], Kim et al. 1999:376 [ref. 25348], Freyhof & Serov 2000:206 [ref. 35928], Kottelat 2001:89 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Laos and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

laterimaculata, Cobitis Yan [J.-P.] & Zheng [M.-L.] 1984:82 [84], Fig. 1 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 30 (no. 1); ref. 8194] Yongjiang River at Xikou, Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype: ZFC 821138. Paratypes: ZFC 825001-18 (18), 827019 (1), 827020-37 (18), 821139-43 (5). •Valid as Niwaella laterimaculata (Yan & Zheng 1984) -- (Son & He 2001:4 [ref. 25331], Chen & Chen 2005:1645 [ref. 28174], Son & He 2005:239 [ref. 29190], Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367] with question, Chen et al. 2017:505 [ref. 35645], Zhang et al. 2025:111 [ref. 41899]). •Valid as Cobitis laterimaculata Yan & Zheng 1984 -- (Zhu 1995:126 [ref. 25213], Kim et al. 1999:375 [ref. 25348], Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis laterimaculata Yan & Zheng 1984. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yongjiang River basin, Zhejiang Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

lebedevi, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 1985:464, Figs. 1-3 [Zoologichesky Zhurnal v. 64 (no. 3); ref. 17282] Amur River near Elabuge, Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-16252. Paratypes: ZMMU P-16252-54 (1, 2, 9). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:23 [ref. 25714]. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:57 [ref. 28831]. •Valid as Iksookimia lebedevi (Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1985) -- (Kottelat 2006:57 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Cobitis choii Kim & Son 1984 -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:97 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:336 [ref. 30085]). •Valid as Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1985 -- (Kim et al. 1999:378 [ref. 25348], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:104 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Dyldin et al. 2020:95 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis lebedevi Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1985. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Russia, Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

leptosoma, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], He [D.-K.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2015:4, Figs. 2-3 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 64 (no. 1); ref. 35710] River Lijiang, a tributary of the River Xijiang, River Pearl basin, Lingchuan County, Guangxi, China, 25°41'N, 110°32'E. Holotype: IHB 587834. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis leptosoma Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis leptosoma Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lijang River drainage, Pearl River basin, Guangxi Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

levantina, Cobitis Krupp [F.] & Moubayed [J.] 1992:14, Figs. 1-8 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 72 (nos 1/3) [1991]; ref. 20052] Outflow of Buhairat Hims near Qattina, 34°40'N, 36°37'E, Syria. Holotype: SMF 24371. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.12.13.66-68 (3); HUJ 9884 (1); MIZT 2888:2059 (4); SMF 24372-75 (2, 1, 1, 2), 24391 (1). Type catalog: Golani 2006:23 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed 1992 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:48 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Freyhof et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36385], Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Saad et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:52 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:453 [ref. 42718]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis levantina Krupp & Moubayed 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Orontes River system (Syria and Turkey); Litani River drainage (Lebanon). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

linea, Acanthopsis Heckel [J. J.] 1847:267 [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Creeks at Persepolis, Iran. Syntypes: NMW 48560 or 48450 (7). •Valid as Cobitis linea (Heckel 1847) -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:903 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Vassilev 1998:283 [ref. 24118], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:929 [ref. 31700], Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:567 [ref. 33668], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35199], Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36385], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:157 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:53 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:454 [ref. 42718], Valiallahi & Shakiba 2025:102 [ref. 42687]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis linea (Heckel 1847). Cobitidae. Distribution: West Asia: Kor River drainage (central Iran). IUCN (2026): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

longibarba, Niwaella Chen [Y.-F.] & Chen [Y.-X.] 2005:1647, Figs. 1D, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5 [Journal of Natural History v. 39 (no. 19); ref. 28174] Cao'ejiang River, Huangzezhen, 29°36.3'N, 120°54.5'E, Chengxian County, Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype: 9607011. Paratypes: 9607012-55 (2). Plus non-type material. Specimens kept in FFM, IHB CAS [IHCAS]. •Valid as Niwaella longibarba Chen & Chen 2005 -- (Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367] with question, Chen et al. 2017:505 [ref. 35645], Zhang et al. 2025:111 [ref. 41899]). •Valid as Cobitis longibarba (Chen & Chen 2005). Current status: Valid as Cobitis longibarba (Chen & Chen 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Cao'ejiang River basin, Zhejiang Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

longicorpus, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Choi [K.-C.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1976:172, Figs. 1-2 [Korean Journal of Zoology v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 7345] Tributary of the Seomjin River at Bogheung Myon, Sunchang Gun, Jeonrabug Do, South Korea. Holotype: CNU 505. Paratypes: CNU 506-512 (7). •Valid as Iksookimia longicorpus (Kim, Choi & Nalbant 1976) -- (Kim & Park 1997:252 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:298 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:214 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Kim 2009:13 [ref. 30457], Chae & Yoon 2010:101 [ref. 31571], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Choi et al. 2025:1073 [ref. 42367] as longicorpa). •Valid as Cobitis longicorpus Kim, Choi & Nalbant 1976 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis longicorpus Kim, Choi & Nalbant 1976. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: southeastern South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

longimanus, Cobitis Dybowski [B. N.] in Sinitzyn 1900:49 [ ref. 22999] Author is B. I. Dybowski. Apparently no description, not available; Onon R.; Warsaw Univ. No. 2773. •Nomina nuda in Cobitis -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis longimanus Dybowski 1900. Nemacheilidae.

longitaeniatus, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:1[?66], Fig. 1 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Binh Province, Bo Trach District, Phong Nha, So trach, 17°30'N, 106°15"E, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1. Paratypes: (7) Original description not yet translated; appeared in second work with similar title as Cobitis longitaenia and Cobitis longitaeniatus. Also spelled longitaenia on p. 67. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

lutheri, Cobitis taenia Rendahl [H.] 1935:330, Figs. 1-4 [Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica v. 10 (for 3 Mar. 1934); ref. 15674] Lake Khanka [Chanka] basin, Ussuri cachement, Amur System, North Asia. NRM 10813. Paralectotypes: NRM 10810-12 (1, 1, 1), MZH (1). Rendahl 1935:330 designated 2 specimens as holotypes, but designation is not clear; neither is the holotype (Ahlander pers. comm., 20 July 2015). Lectotype designated by Vasil'eva et al. 2016:582 [ref. 34979]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies lutheri Rendahl 1935 -- (Kim 1980:440 [ref. 39488]). •Valid as Cobitis lutheri Rendahl 1935 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:48 [ref. 22798], Kim 1997:307 [ref. 24032], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:97 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Kim et al. 1999:378 [ref. 25348], Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420 [ref. 25412], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Kim & Park 2002:224 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Kim et al. 2003:7 [ref. 26956], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:105 [ref. 28183], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2007:104 [ref. 29350], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Kim 2009:10 [ref. 30457], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Parin et al. 2014:98 [ref. 33547], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266] and cf. lutheri, Zhang et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:668 [ref. 34853], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:581 [ref. 34979], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477], Dyldin et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:62 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40328], Sun et al. 2025:64 [ref. 41816]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis lutheri Rendahl 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Suifen, Tumen, Yalu and Amur River drainages, northeastern China to Russia. Western Korea records are based on Cobitis nalbani [ref. 34979]. Habitat: freshwater.

macrophthalmus, Cobitis kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi var. Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1955:67 [Trudy Instituta Zoologii i Parazitologii. Kirgizsky Filial Akademii Nauk SSSR v. 3; ref. 12235] Not available, infrasubspecific -- a variety of a subspecies; from Amu-Darya River, Uzbekistan. Infrasubspecific. Cobitidae.

macrostigma, Cobitis Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1872:191, Pl. 49 (fig. 4) [La pisciculture et la pêche en Chine; ref. 12507] Lakes in central China, Chang Jiang [Yangtze River], China. Holotype: MNHN 0000-5089. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:92 [ref. 19574]. Appeared as Lepidocephalichthys macrostigma in Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874:16 [ref. 15665]. •Valid as Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant 1872 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Kim et al. 1999:379 [ref. 25348], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2007:104 [ref. 29350], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis macrostigma Dabry de Thiersant 1872. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River drainage, China. Habitat: freshwater.

magnostriata, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2012:118, Fig. 3E, 5E, 6E, and 7 C and D [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Small stream flowing into Biwa Lake, Adogawa, Shiga Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17344. Paratypes: FRLM 24920 (1); KPM-NI29506 (1); MPM-FI1504 (1); JNC 049 (1), 040 (1). Plus not-type specimens. •Valid as Cobitis magnostriata Nakajima 2012 -- (Nakajima 2016:126 [ref. 34247], Miuchi 2022:38 [ref. 39924], Miuchi & Oyama 2025:10 [ref. 42693]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis magnostriata Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture (central Japan). Introduced in Mie Prefecture and Gifu prefecture (Japan). IUCN (2019): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

maroccana, Cobitis taenia var. Pellegrin [J.] 1929:524, Fig. [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 54 (no. 5); ref. 15942] Morocco. Syntypes: MNHN 1922-0084 to 0085 (2), 1925-0372 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:93 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Roberts 1984:343 [ref. 6182]). •Valid as Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin 1929 -- (Doadrio & Perdices 1997:59 [ref. 22679], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis maroccana Pellegrin 1929. Cobitidae. Distribution: Europe and northern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

matsubarae, Cobitis taenia Okada [Y.] & Ikeda [H.] 1939:91 et seq. [Sci. Rept. Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Sec. B. v. 4 (no. 69); ref. 22727] Japan. No types known. Type information: Hayashi 1995 [ref. 22717]. Appeared as nom. nov. for the non-biwae populations of Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846, but biwae was itself a replacement for japonica [WNE, 10 Mar. 2012]. Here regarded as a new subspecies description; see Sawada & Aizawa 1983 [ref. 27179]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Okada 1961:563 [ref. 6363]). •Valid as Cobitis matsubarae Okada & Ikeda 1939 (often seen as matsubarai) -- (Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Nakabo 2000:274 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:165 [ref. 26000], Kitagawa et al. 2001:250 [ref. 25686], Nakabo 2002:274 [ref. 26001], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis matsubarae Okada & Ikeda 1939. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

megaspila, Cobitis Nalbant [T. T.] 1993:108, Figs. 24-28 [Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Série de Biologie Animale v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 21345] Danube River delta at Caraorman, Romania. Holotype: ISBB 4497. Paratypes: ISBB 4498-4500 (20, 2, 12); MGAB 49925 (5). •Synonym of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat 2012:25 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis megaspila Nalbant 1993 -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547], Iftime & Oţel 2025:9 [ref. 42600]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis megaspila Nalbant 1993. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: lower Danube River basin (Romania) and Prut River drainage (Moldova). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

melanoleuca, Cobitis taenia Nichols [J. T.] 1925:3 [American Museum Novitates No. 170; ref. 15551] Chin-ssu, Shansi Province, China. Holotype: AMNH 8403. Paratypes: FMNH 14829 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:27 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 -- (Chen 1981:24 [ref. 8242]). •Valid as Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Kim 1997:310 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:605 [ref. 24120], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Sideleva 2001:54 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:105 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28933], Prokofiev 2007:118 [ref. 29368], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:309 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085], Interesova et al. 2010:281 [ref. 31016] with subspecies, Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547], Perdices et al. 2014:35 [ref. 35463], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:668 [ref. 34853], Chen & Chen 2016:390 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:150 [ref. 37810], Dyldin et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38804] with question, Dyldin & Orlov 2021:63 [ref. 38158], Pozdeev et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39511], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328], Chananbaatar et al. 2025:119 [ref. 43054], Sun et al. 2025:64 [ref. 41816]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yellow, Hai, Luan and Huaijiuhe River drainages (northern China); Don River basin and Sakhalin Island (Russia); Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

mellaria, Cobitis Doadrio [I.] & Perea [S.] in Doadrio, Sousa-Santos, Robalo & Perea 2023:[16], Figs. 11-12 [Limnetica v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 40299] Valle River, Valle Drainage, Tarifa, Cádiz, Spain, 36°05'53.0"N, 5°42'02.6"W, elevation 8 meters. Holotype: MNCN ICTIO 272860. Paratypes: MNCN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis mellaria Doadrio & Perea 2023. Current status: Valid as Cobitis mellaria Doadrio & Perea 2023. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Valle River, Valle Drainage, Tarifa, Cádiz, Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

meridionalis, Cobitis taenia var. Karaman [S.] 1924:75 [Pisces Macedoniae; ref. 15902] Lake Prespa and its small tributaries, Republic of Macedonia. Syntypes: (several) IEBMT. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis meridionalis Karaman 1924 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:308 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:309 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis meridionalis Karaman 1924. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Lakes Prespa (Greece, Macedonia and Albania). Habitat: freshwater.

microcephala, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2011:147, Figs. 3A-E, 4B [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 31435] Nanliu River drainage, 22°28'N, 109°95'E, tributary of the Pearl River, Bobai County, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: IHASW 0605135. Paratypes: IHASW 0605138 (1), 0605205-210 (6). •Valid as Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen 2011 -- (Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712], Sun et al. 2025:64 [ref. 41816], Endruweit 2025:235 [ref. 42401]), Current status: Valid as Cobitis microcephala Chen & Chen 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Nanliu and Beiliu River drainages, lower Pearl River basin, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

minamorii, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2012:119, Figs. 3E, 5F, 6F, 7A and B [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Kagato River, Yoshii River system, Setouchi, Okayama Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17345. Paratypes: KPM-NI29507 (1), NI9225 (1); MPM-FI1505 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012 -- (Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Honshu, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

minhi, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:3, Fig. 3 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Holotype. Need translation. •Valid as Cobitis minhi Ngô 2008. Current status: Valid as Cobitis minhi Ngô 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Quang Binh province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

monorus, Cobitis Endruweit [M.] 2025:45, Figs. 26b, 27, 28b [Fishes of the Red River - Cypriniformes, Siluriformes; ref. 42401] Ba Hang Creek, Dáy River system, Red River basin, Kim Bàng District, Hà Nam Province (Ninh Bình Province), northern Vietnam. Holotype (unique): ZFMK 106389. •Valid as Cobitis monorus Endruweit 2025. Current status: Valid as Cobitis monorus Endruweit 2025. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Dáy River drainage, lower Red River basin (northern Vietnam) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

multifasciata, Cobitis Wakiya [Y.] & Mori [T.] 1929:1, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 9; ref. 12418] Rakuto River, Korea. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (many) NRM 15557 (2), CAS-SU 23970 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Niwaella multifasciata (Wakiya & Mori 1929) -- (Kim & Lee 1995:289 [ref. 22178], Kim 1997:312 [ref. 24032], Shimizu et al. 1998:381 [ref. 23635], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Son & He 2001:4 [ref. 25331], Kim & Park 2002:230 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:178, 520 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Chen & Chen 2005:1645 [ref. 28174]). •Valid as Kichulchoia multifasciata (Wakiya & Mori 1929) -- (Kim 2009:17 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:31 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Cobitis multifasciata Wakiya & Mori 1929 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis multifasciata Wakiya & Mori 1929. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

multimaculata, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2011:145, Figs. 2A-E, 4A [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 31435] Nanliu River drainage, 22°28'N, 109°95'E, tributary of the Pearl River, Bobai County, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: IHASW 75v3203. Paratypes: IHASW 13 lots (8 males, 7 females). •Valid as Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen 2011 -- (Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis multimaculata Chen & Chen 2011. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nanliu River drainage, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

nalbanti, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.], Kim [D.], Vasil'ev [V. P.], Ko [M.-H.] & Won [Y.-J.] 2016:586, Figs. 5-6 [Zootaxa 4208 (no. 6); ref. 34979] Cheongmi River, Chonggok-ri, Yulmyeon, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do (Han River drainage), South Korea. Holotype: ZMMU P-23896. Paratypes: EWNHM, ZMMU. Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'eva, Kim, Vasil'ev, Ko & Won 2016 -- (Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis nalbanti Vasil'eva, Kim, Vasil'ev, Ko & Won 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

narentana, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:163 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Neretva River, Dalmatia (Croatia and Bosnia). Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis narentana Karaman 1928 -- (Freyhof & Stelbrink 2007:269 [ref. 29344], Mustafic et al. 2008:4 [ref. 29642], Zupančič 2008:61 [ref. 29926], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:310 [ref. 29996], Buj et al. 2013:15, 23 [ref. 33367], Ćaleta et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34877], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Tutman et al. 2018:218 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:148 [ref. 37026], Tutman et al. 2026:32 [ref. 43241]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis narentana Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Neretva River drainage (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). IUCN (2024): Near Threatened. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrolinea, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:494, Figs. 2-7 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Shuaishui River (a tributary of the Xin'anjiang River), Xiuning County, Anhui, China, 29°78'N, 118°16'E. Holotype: HU 2013112. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Niwaella nigrolinea Chen & Chen 2017 -- (Zhang et al. 2025:111 [ref. 41899]). •Valid as Cobitis nigrolinea (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis nigrolinea (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Shuai-Shui River drainage, Xin'anjiang River basin, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

obtusirostra, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], He [D.-K.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2015:8, Figs. 6-7 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 64 (no. 1); ref. 35710] River Lianjiang, a tributary of the River Beijiang, River Pearl basin, Lianxian City, Guangdong Province, China, 24°78'N, 112°38'E. Holotype: IHB 76IV6670. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis obtusirostra Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis obtusirostra Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lianjiang and Wengjiang River drainages, Pearl River basin, Guangdong Province, China, Habitat: freshwater.

ohridana, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:162 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Lake Ohrid, southern Yugoslavia / eastern Albania. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Also in Karaman 1929:173 [ref. 15904]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis ohridana Karaman 1928 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:310 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747], Novaga et al. 2024:395 [ref. 41169]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis ohridana Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Albania, Montenegro and North Macedonia. Habitat: freshwater.

olivai, Cobitis granoei Nalbant [T. T.], Holčík [J.] & Pivnicka [K.] 1970:121, Figs. 1-6 [Věstnik Československé Společnosti Zoologické v. 34 (no. 2); ref. 7767] Ögijn Lake, Narijn River, upper right tributary of Orkhon River basin of Selenga River, Archangaj, Mongolia. Holotype: SNMB Ry 2093. Paratypes: IBTS 2290 (9); LFR 96752 (1); SNMB Ry 2094 (7, 2 c&s), ?4813 (1); ZICU 34985 (10). Type catalog: Blahák 1991:204 [ref. 20023]. Species misspelled once as grandoei. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831] and Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085]. •Synonym of Cobitis granoei Rendahl 1933 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:47 [ref. 22798]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925, but likely a valid subspecies -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702]). •Valid as Cobitis olivai Nalbant, Holčík & Pivnicka 1970 -- (Prokofiev 2007:113 [ref. 29368]). •Synonym of Cobitis lutheri Rendahl 1935 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:337 [ref. 30085]). •Synonym of Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Widespread in Asia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

osurgeticus, Cobitis Kamensky [S. N.] in Radde 1899:321 [Die Sammlungen des Kaukasischen Museums v. 2; ref. 19639] Natanebi River near Ozurgeti, Georgia [Osurgeti, Caucasus]. Neotype: ZMMU P-24571. No description, but with an indication; one specimen from Osurgeti, Caucasus. Neotype designated by Vasil'eva et al. 2024:172 [ref. 41093]. •Valid as Cobitis osurgeticus Kamensky 1899 -- (Vasil'eva et al. 2024:171 [ref. 41093]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis osurgeticus Kamensky 1899. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Colchis lowlands, Georgia. Habitat: freshwater.

oumiensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:121, Figs. 3G, 5G, 6G. 8C and D [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Small stream flowing into Biwa Lake, Takashima, Shiga Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17346. Paratypes: JNC 037 (1); KPM-NI29508 (1), NI8989 (1); MPM-FI1506 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012, but a valid subspecies oumiensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247] as oumieneis). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

oxycephala, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, Chen, He & Chen 2018:160, Figs. 2-7 [Zoological Systematics v. 43 (no. 2); ref. 35932] Nandujiang River, Ding’an County, Hainan, China, 19°68'N, 110°36'E, elevation 65 meters. Holotype: IHB 0509273. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis oxycephala Chen & Chen 2018. Current status: Valid as Cobitis oxycephala Chen & Chen 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Nandujiang River drainage, Hainan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

pacifica, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1999:380, Fig. 12 A-E [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 41; ref. 25348] Yonkokhon stream about 2 kilometers upstream to confluence with eastern Japan Sea, Shingwhang-ri, Yonkok-myon, Kangreung-shi, Kangwon-do, Korea. Holotype: CNU 25111. Paratypes: CNU 692-704 (13), 25126-25128 (3), ISBB uncat. (8), MGAB (2). •Valid as Iksookimia pacifica (Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999) -- (Kim 2009:15 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis pacifica Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999 -- (Kim & Park 2002:228 [ref. 25913], Kim et al. 2003:6 [ref. 26956], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pacifica Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: northeastern South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

paludica, Acanthopsis taenia forma de Buen [F.] 1930:483, Fig. 48 [Boletín de Oceanografía y Pesca v. 15 (no. 169-170); ref. 17375] Fuente del Roble, Talayuela, Cáceres, Spain. No types known. Also in Notas y résumenes, Instituto Español de Oceanografia; Ministerio de Marin. Madrid (Ser. 2), p. 34. Described as "Acanthopsis taenia Linnaeus 1758 forma paludica nov. form.?" Cobitis taenia paludicola Berg 1932 is an unjustified emendation. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Doadrio & Perdices 1997:59 [ref. 22679], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:310 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:27 [ref. 32367], Corral-Lou et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39223], Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930). Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Portugal and Spain; introduced in some others waters of Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

paludicola, Cobitis taenia Berg [L. S.] 1932:155 [Zoogeographica, Jena v. 1 (no. 2, art. 6); ref. 21141] Not available; an incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation of Acanthopsis taenia forma paludica de Buen 1930. Berg listed as "C. taenia paludicola (F. de Buen) 1930." •In the synonymy of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930). Cobitidae.

peschevi, Cobitis Sivkov [Y. S.] & Dobrovolov [I. S.] 1984:1673, Figs. 1-2 [Comptes Rendus de l'Académie Bulgare des Sciences v. 37 (no. 12); ref. 8213] Eleshnitsa River, Bulgaria, elevation 60 meters. Holotype: MNHV 1627. Paratypes: MNHV 1642-1675 (33), NMNHS 511-537 (27). Described as a new species by the same authors in 1986 [ref. 8038] with spelling peshevi; spelled peschevi in 1984. •Valid as Cobitis peschevi Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1984 -- (Vassilev 1998:282 [ref. 24118] as peshevi, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369]). •Synonym of Cobitis albicoloris Chichkoff 1932 -- (Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:37 [ref. 26746]). •Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:306 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:35 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

petrtyli, Cobitis Endruweit [M.] 2025:233, Figs. 26d, 28d, 223 [Fishes of the Red River - Cypriniformes, Siluriformes; ref. 42401] Du'an County, ca. 23°57'N 108°06'E, Hechi Prefecture, Guangxi (China). Holotype: KIZ 1991001122. Paratypes: KIZ 1991001116, 18, 20, 23-24 (5), 1991001117, 19, 21, 25-28 (7), 200300797 (1), 2003007973, 75-77 (4). •Valid as Cobitis petrtyli Endruweit 2025. Current status: Valid as Cobitis petrtyli Endruweit 2025. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Hongshuihe River basin, central Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

phongnhaensis, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:3 [?68], Fig. 3 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Province, Bo Trach District, Phong Nha, Son Trach, Khe Mon, 17°30'N, 106°15'E, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1 [? NCNTTSI]. Paratypes: (7). Original description not yet translated. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878) -- (Kottelat 2012:26 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Cobitis laoensis (Sauvage 1878). Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

phrygica, Cobitis Battalgil [F.] 1944:300, Figs. 1-2 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 13159] Vilâyet Afyonkarahisar, Aci göl, western central Turkey. No types known. Author also seen as Battalgazi. •Provisionally a synonym of Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]). •Valid as Cobitis phyrigica [sic] Battalgil 1944 -- (Erk'akan et al. 2008:112 [ref. 29860]). •Valid as Cobitis phrygica Battalgil 1944 -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:905 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Vassilev 1998:283 [ref. 24118], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341] as phyrigica, Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:25 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:53 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:455 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis phrygica Battalgil 1944. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: upper Dalaman River drainage and streams of Lake Gölhisar, central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

pirii, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:61, Figs. 48-50 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Stream Aksu at Bağıllı, Isparta province, Turkey, 37.763 31.033. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-99635. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Cobitis pirii Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:54 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:456 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pirii Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Eğirdir basin, Aksu and Köprü River drainages (Mediterranean coast) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

poecilopleura, Cobitis Chu [Y.-T.] 1931:66 [Biological Bulletin St. John's University Shanghai No. 1; ref. 18000] Untraced; appeared as "Cobitis poecilopleura Guichenot. China (Blkr. 1872)." •Status is uncertain in Cobitis -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Uncertain. Cobitidae.

pontica, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 2006:S17, Fig. [Journal of Ichthyology v. 46 (suppl. 1); ref. 28976] Veleka River, Bulgaria. Holotype: ZMUU P-21363. Paratypes: ZMUU P-21364 (4 of 6), NMP P6V 83980-81 (2). Type catalog: Mlíkovský et al. 2011:154 [ref. 33498]. •Valid as Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2006 -- (Erk'akan et al. 2008:112 [ref. 29860], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:312 [ref. 29996], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:54 [ref. 40789], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pontica Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2006. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

pulchra, Cobitis Endruweit [M.] 2025:46, Figs. 26a, 28a, 29, 30a [Fishes of the Red River - Cypriniformes, Siluriformes; ref. 42401] Den Creek, about 500 m downstream of Quan Chu, Càu River system, Dai Tù District, Thái Nguyen Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 106391. Paratypes: ANSP 211362 (1), 211272 (1); ZFMK 106386-8, 106390 (4). •Valid as Cobitis pulchra Endruweit 2025. Current status: Valid as Cobitis pulchra Endruweit 2025. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Càu River basin, northern Vietnam endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

pumilus, Cobitis koreensis Kim [I.-S.] & Lee [Y.-J.] 1987:58, Figs. 1-2 [Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 17685] Paikchon stream at Sangso-myon, Puan-gun, Chollabuk-do, South Korea. Holotype: CNU 9374. Paratypes: CNU 4624-34 (11), 9374-84, 9395-96 (16) •Valid as Iksookimia pumila (Kim & Lee 1987) -- (Kim & Park 1997:254 [ref. 23149], Kim 1997:294 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Kim & Park 2002:210 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Kim 2009:15 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis pumila Kim & Lee 1987 -- (Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis pumila Kim & Lee 1987. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: western South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

puncticulata, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:12, Figs. 4 A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Karadere Stream, at the outlet of Manyas (Kus) Lake, Balιkesir Province, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (10). •Valid as Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:17 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:313 [ref. 29996], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:337 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:54 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:456 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Aegean Sea tributaries (Greece and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

punctilineata, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1996:314, Fig. 11, 12 (j-l) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 36; ref. 23723] Strymon-Aggitis catchment, channels near the Kalambaki village, Drama, Macedonia, Greece. Holotype: MZUT 1992-39. Paratypes: ISBB 4576 (3); MNHN 1994-0517 (2); MZUT 1971-389 (3), 1972-200 (2), 1973-22 (6), 1973-30 (1), 1988-72 (15), 1989-70 (18); MNW 92823 (2); SMF 22317 (4), 27235 (2); USNM 330138 (2); ZSM 27084 (1). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:254 [ref. 31652]. Appeared first in Economidis 1991:28, 41 (fig. 4) without distinguishing features. Also appeared as name only in Economidis 1992:49, 75 [ref. 23021]. •Valid as Cobitis sp. 1 -- (Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant 1996 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:313 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis punctilineata Economidis & Nalbant 1996. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

puta, Cobitis taenia var. Cantoni [E.] 1882:362, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Rendiconti, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere (Serie 2). v. 15; ref. 17331] Torina and Vercellese, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

qujiangensis, Niwaella Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] in Chen, He, Chen & Chen 2017:497, Figs. 12-17 [Zoological Systematics v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 35645] Jiangshangang River (a tributary of the Qujiang River), Jiangshan, Zhejiang, China, 29°70'N, 118°62'E. Holotype: HU 1505258. Paratypes: HU. •Valid as Niwaella qujiangensis Chen & Chen 2017 -- (Zhang et al. 2025:111 [ref. 41899]). •Valid as Cobitis qujiangensis (Chen & Chen 2017). Current status: Valid as Cobitis qujiangensis (Chen & Chen 2017). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Qujiang River basin, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

rarus, Cobitis Chen [J.-X.] 1981:24 [English p. 32], Fig. 1 [Transactions of the Chinese Ichthyological Society No. 1; ref. 8242] Lüeyang and Fengxian, Shanxi Province, China. Syntypes: IHASW 596070-74 (5), 731121-22 (2). •Valid as Cobitis rara Chen 1981 -- (Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Chen et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35710], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis rara Chen 1981. Cobitidae. Distribution: Shanxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

rhodopensis, Cobitis (Bicanestrinia) Vassilev [M. V.] 1998:280, Figs. 1-2 [Spixiana (München) v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 24118] Biala River, downstream from Meden buk village, Bulgaria. Holotype: DHISUB 199501C. Paratypes: DHISUB 199501C (34). •Valid as Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev 1998 -- (Pehlivanov 2000:47 [ref. 25202], Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:35 [ref. 26746], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369]). •Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 -- (Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:35 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rossomeridionalis, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.] & Vasil'ev [V. P.] 1998:607, Figs. 2-5 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 38 (no. 5); ref. 24120] River Don near Rogozhkino, Rostovskaya Obl., Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-20240. Paratypes: ZMMU P-20241 (34); ZIL 51172 (2). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:24 [ref. 25714]. •Valid as Cobitis rossomeridionalis Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998. •Synonym of Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:316 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: basins of the Kuban, Don, Kalka, Obitochnaya, Dnieper, South Bug and Dniester rivers, Russia [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

ruichangensis, Niwaella Wan [Z.] 2023:274, Fig. [ ref. 40873] Ruichang Wushi River, Henggang River drainage, lower Yangtze River basin, Jiangxi, China. Total 24 specimens, in Yangtze RIver Culture Museum? Not available, no name-bearing types fixed (ICZN Art. 72.3). •Not available. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis. Cobitidae.

sakahoko, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] & Suzawa [Y.] 2015 [Ichthyological Research v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 33854] Oyodo River system, southern Kyushu, Japan. Holotype. Paratypes: Taken from the abstract; awaiting original. •Valid as Cobitis sakahoko Nakajima & Suzawa 2015 -- (Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Oka et al. 2025:43 [ref. 42018]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sakahoko Nakajima & Suzawa 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Oyodo River system and sendai River, southern Kyushu (Japan). Habitat: freshwater.

saniae, Cobitis Eagderi [S.], Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Jalili [P.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Esmaeili [H. R.] 2017:51, Figs. 2-9, 11b, 12c, 13 [FishTaxa v. 7 [v. 2 (no. 1)]; ref. 35199] Bara Goor River a tributary of Sefid River, near Emamzadeh Hashem, Caspian Sea basin, Guilan province, Iran, 37°00'11"N, 49°37'49"E. Holotype: IMNRF-UT-1091. Paratypes: IMNRF-UT. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili 2017 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2020:484 [ref. 38013], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:158 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2020:559 [ref. 37827], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:150 [ref. 37810], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:55 [ref. 40789], Ghaderi et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41095], Freyhof et al. 2025:457 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Georgian Black Sea basin, Lake Urmia basin, and southwestern Caspian Sea tributaries (Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

saninensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:124, Figs. 3I, 5I, 6I, 8G and H [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Creek of Hii River system, Izumo, Shimane Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM-P17348. Paratypes: KPM-NI29510 (1), NI9218 (1); MPM-FI1509 (1); JNC 034 (1), 036 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012, but a valid subspecies saninensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

satunini, Cobitis taenia Gladkov [N. A.] 1935:73 [Zborn. Trud. Gos. Zool. Mus. MGU v. 2; ref. 19590] Lower stream of the Kintrich River, Kobuleti, eastern Black Sea basin, Georgia, Eurasia. Holotype: ZMMU P-2852. Paratypes: ZMMU P-2313 (2). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:258 [ref. 9011] but only some types; Vasil'eva et al. 2001:24 [ref. 25714]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:99 [ref. 23591], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2012:205 [ref. 31976], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Freyhof et al. 2018:29 [ref. 36385], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:152 [ref. 37810], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 2023:636 [1047] [ref. 41090], Çiçek et al. 2024:55 [ref. 40789], Vasil'eva et al. 2024:161 [ref. 41093], Freyhof et al. 2025:459 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: southeast coastal rivers of Black Sea basin (Georgia and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

schlegeli, Cobitis Bleeker [P.] 1863:41 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 400] Japan. A substitute name for Cobitis taenia japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1846. An earlier replacement than Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901, but not in use in 1899 (see Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901 -- (Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis biwae Jordan & Snyder 1901. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

septa, Cobitis taenia var. Cantoni [E.] 1882:363, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Rendiconti, Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere (Serie 2). v. 15; ref. 17331] Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:24 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

shikokuensis, Cobitis Suzawa [Y.] 2006:316, Figs. 1-2, 4A-C, 5A, 6A [Ichthyological Research v. 53 (no. 4); ref. 29236] Hinoji River, 33°19'N, 133°03'E, Shimanto River basin, Morigauchi, Shimanto Town, Takaoka County, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: YCM-P 21981. Paratypes: TKPM-P 9980 (1); YCM-P 20177 (4), 21982 (10) plus many more at TKPM-P. and YCM-P. Type catalog: Shibata et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31469]. •Valid as Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa 2006 -- (Shibata et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31469], Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis shikokuensis Suzawa 2006. Cobitidae. Distribution: Shikoku Island, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

sibirica, Cobitis taenia Gladkov [N. A.] 1935:73 [Zborn. Trud. Gos. Zool. Mus. MGU v. 2; ref. 19590] Lake Turgoïak [Turgoyak], southern Urals, Russia. Holotype: ZMMU P-2853. Paratypes: ZMMU P-2253 (2). Additional material: ZMMU P-2267, P-2269, P-2272, P-2278, P-2279. Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:258 [ref. 9011], Vasil'eva et al. 2001:23-24 [ref. 25714]. Berg (1949:894) selected Cobitis taenia sibirica over Cobitis taenia granoei; giving preference to Cobitis taenia (see Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:893 [ref. 20661], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659]). •Synonym of Cobitis granoei Rendahl 1933 -- (Chen 1981:25 [ref. 8242], Wu & Wu 1992:265 [ref. 21205], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:47 [ref. 22798]). •Synonym of Cobitis melanoleuca Nichols 1925 -- (Vasil'eva 1998:98 [ref. 23591], Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev 1998:604 [ref. 24120], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2006:56 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28933], Prokofiev 2007:118 [ref. 29368], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Parin et al. 2014:99 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935 -- (Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Romanov et al. 2017:822 [ref. 35687]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sibirica Gladkov 1935. Cobitidae. Distribution: Lake Turgoyak, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

simplicispina, Cobitis Hankó [B.] 1925:153, Fig. 4; Pl. 3 (fig. 7) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eminekin village, Porsuk River basin, Sakarya River system, Eskisehir, Turkey. Neotype: ISBB 4694. Original 3 syntypes lost in fire in 1956. Neotype designated by Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143]. •Valid as Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925 -- (Berg 1949:899 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Nalbant 1980:905 [ref. 22380], Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105], Vassilev 1998:282 [ref. 24118], Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36385], Özdemir 2019:597 [ref. 36384], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37627], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:56 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:460 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis simplicispina Hankó 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya and Kizilirmak River basins (southern Black Sea tributaries) and Central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

sinensis, Cobitis Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1874:16 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Creeks in western Szechwan, China. Syntypes: MNHN 1872-6779 (4, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:92-93 [ref. 19574]. Specific name declared a noun in the original description. •Valid as Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 -- (Chen 1981:24 [ref. 8242], Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:145 [ref. 26639], Zheng et al. 1989:60 [ref. 21202], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:253 [ref. 23876], Ding 1994:115 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:127 [ref. 25213], Cheng & Zhou 1997:199 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:305 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:375 [ref. 25348], Freyhof & Serov 2000:214 [ref. 35928], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Kottelat 2001:49 [ref. 25482] as cf. sinensis, Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Kim & Park 2002:220 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 519 [ref. 26218], Son & Kim 2002:240 [ref. 26957], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:106 [ref. 28183], Son & He 2005:238 [ref. 29190], Chen & Chen 2007:103 [ref. 29350], Chen & Chen 2011:150 [ref. 31435], Kottelat 2012:28 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679], Chen & Chen 2013:94 [ref. 32990], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712], Dyldin et al. 2020:92, 95 [ref. 37569], Guo 2021:678 [ref. 38618], Matsunuma et al. 2026:446 [ref. 43110]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yangtze River basin (China), IUCN (2012): Least Concern. Populations in Taiwan probably represent an undescribed, cryptic species. Habitat: freshwater.

sipahilerae, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Özdemir [F.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2017:85, Fig. 2 [FishTaxa v. 6 [v. 2 (no. 2)]; ref. 35341] Yediarıklar stream, Aksu River, Topçular District, Antalya province, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC-AKD1. Paratypes: HUIC. •Valid as Cobitis sipahilerae Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:32 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:338 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:56 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:461 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis sipahilerae Erk'akan, Özdemir & Özeren 2017. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Aksu River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

spilura, Cobitis Holandre [J.] 1837:253 [Faune du département de la Moselle; ref. 23022] Belgium and France (several localities). No types known. See Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952] for more information on types and localities. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

splendens, Cobitis Erk'akan [F.], Atalay-Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:11, Figs. 3 A-E [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 24119] Small stream tributary to the Black Sea, about 200 meters from sea border, 16 kilometers east of Akçakoca, and about 30 kilometers southwest of Eregli (Black Sea), Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC uncat. (15), ISBB 4687 (4). •Valid as Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998 -- (Erk'akan et al. 1999:17 [ref. 25143], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:33 [ref. 36385], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:57 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:462 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis splendens Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Black Sea coastal watersheds, northern Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

squataeniatus, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2008:2 [?67], Fig. 2 [Science and Technology journal of Agriculture & Rural Development (Nông Nghiêp & Phát Triên Nông Thôn) No. 122 (no. 5); ref. 29980] Quang Binh Province, Minh Hoa District, Dan Hoa, Quy Dat, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1. Original description not yet translated. Combined with a feminine genus, the adjective should be squataeniata. •Questionably a synonym of Cobitis ylengensis Ngô 2003 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Cobitis squataeniata Ngô 2008. Current status: Valid as Cobitis squataeniata Ngô 2008. Cobitidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

stenocauda, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2013:90, Figs. 3a, 3b, 5 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32990] Jiangxi Province, Guixi County, the River Xinjiang, the River Xinjiang drainage, 28°24′N, 117°19′E, China. Holotype: IHB 9607072. Paratypes: all at IHB. •Valid as Cobitis stenocauda Chen & Chen 2013 -- (Chen et al. 2015:15 [ref. 35710], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis stenocauda Chen & Chen 2013. Cobitidae. Distribution: Xinjiang drainage, Jiangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

stephanidisi, Cobitis Economidis [P. S.] 1992:49, 60 [The red data book of threatened vertebrates of Greece; ref. 23021] Lake Karla catchment and Kefalovrissos spring in village of Velestino, Thessaly, Greece. Syntypes: DZAUT 1992-40 (1), 1988-30 (9), 1989-13 (56), 1989-35 (26), 19992-37 (23); ISBB 4572 (33); NMW 92822 (3); MNHN 1994-0516 (2); SMF (4); USNM 330137 (1). Appeared first without description in Economidis 1991:27, 41, Fig. 7 [ref. 23018]; appeared as a new species with a holotype in Economidis & Nalbant 1996:303 [ref. 23723]. •Valid as Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis 1992 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:303 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Howe 1998:14 [ref. 25503], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:313 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:72 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis stephanidisi Economidis 1992. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

striata, Cobitis taenia Ikeda [H.] 1936:991 [English p. 984], Figs. 10 (2), 11 (4) [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 48 (no. 12); ref. 13705] Chikugo River, Japan. No types known. Type information: Hayashi 1995:6 [ref. 22717]. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Okada 1961:561 [ref. 6363], Kim 1980:442 [ref. 39488], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Matsuura et al. 2000:166 [ref. 26000]). •Valid as Cobitis striata subspecies striata (Ikeda 1936) -- (Nakajima 2012:107 [ref. 32326], Jeon et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37477]). •Valid as Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936 -- (Kim 1997:308 [ref. 24032], Choi et al. 2003:177, 520 [ref. 26218], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis striata Ikeda 1936. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: rivers flowing into Seto Inland Sea and Sea of Japan, western Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

strumicae, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S. L.] 1955:190, fig. 4 [Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium v. 3 (no. 7); ref. 12279] Monospitovo swamp and Strumica River, Yugoslavia. Syntypes: MMNHS (lost). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:306 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:88 [ref. 22952], Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:314 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:73 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Freyhof et al. 2018:35 [ref. 36385], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:25 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Ozpicak et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40117], Çiçek et al. 2024:57 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:463 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis strumicae Karaman 1955. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Aegean and Black Sea basins (Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

taenia, Cobitis Linnaeus [C.] 1758:303 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Possible type: ZMUU Linn. Coll. 205 (1). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:44 [ref. 23530], Wheeler 1991:163 [ref. 20102]. Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the type locality to Lake Mälaren, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Valid as Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:24 [ref. 39336], Berg 1949:890 [ref. 20661], Kuroda 1953:277 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:561 [ref. 6363], Mai 1978:225 [ref. 13511], Bianco & Taraborelli 1984 [ref. 21915], Roberts 1984:343 [ref. 6182], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:75 [ref. 22951], Sivkov & Dobrovolov 1986:3 [ref. 8038], Bianco 1987:207 [ref. 6750], Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Ahnelt & Tiefenbach 1994:11 [ref. 22364], Poll & Gosse 1995:95 [ref. 24781], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:744 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:99 [ref. 23591], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Wang et al. 2001:176 [ref. 26566], Ivanova & Dobrovolov 2002:35 [ref. 26746], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:106 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Janko et al. 2005:405 [ref. 28442], Hanel & Lusk 2005:283 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:315 [ref. 29996], Coad 2010:201 [ref. 36620], Sabet et al. 2012:11 [ref. 31808], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:561 [ref. 33668], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Freyhof et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36385], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:25 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Vasil'eva et al. 2020:152 [ref. 37810], Pozdeev et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328], Volkov et al. 2023:240 [560] [ref. 40530], Çiçek et al. 2024:57 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Distribution: Central and eastern Europe and northwestern Asia (southwestern Black Sea basin). Habitat: freshwater.

taenioides, Cobitis Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.] 1969:52 [39] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1, art. 54); ref. 7715] Danube basin. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 39 of English translation. Not described as a new species, earlier use of the name not traced, but is available as above. As Cobitis taenia is not known from the Danube basin, the synonymy is dubious. •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36385]). Nomen Dubium. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758. Cobitidae. Habitat: freshwater.

takatsuensis, Cobitis Mizuno [N.] 1970:133, Figs. 1 (a-c), 2, 3 (a-c), 4 (a-c), 8A [Memoirs of the Ehime University. Section 2, Natural science. Series B, Biology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 22714] Kabatani-gawa River, Takatsu-gawa River System, at Kurobuchi in Kakinoki-mura village, Kanoashi District, Shimane Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan. Holotype: TKPM P.3006. Paratypes: (5) TKPM P.3007-8 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ito et al. 2024:565 [ref. 41062]. •Valid as Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno 1970 -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Okamura & Machida 1987:106 [ref. 22279], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:394 [ref. 25598], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Shimizu et al. 1998:377 [ref. 23635], Nakabo 2000:274 [ref. 25086], Kitagawa et al. 2001:249 [ref. 25686], Nakabo 2002:274 [ref. 26001], Shimizu 2003:153 [ref. 27450], Suzawa 2006:319 [ref. 29236], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Nakajima 2016:125 [ref. 34247], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Tan et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36712], Ito et al. 2024:565 [ref. 41062]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis takatsuensis Mizuno 1970. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

takenoi, Cobitis Nakajima [J.] 2016:122, Figs. 3-5 [ZooKeys No. 568; ref. 34247] Small river in Tango District, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. Holotype: KPM-NI 31994. Paratypes: KPM, KUN, TKPM. •Valid as Cobitis takenoi Nakajima 2016 -- (Yashima et al. 2025:[4] [ref. 42580]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis takenoi Nakajima 2016. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Tango District, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu Island (Japan). Hybridizes with Cobitis sp. BIWAE type A. Habitat: freshwater.

tanaitica, Cobitis taenia Băcescu [M. C.] & Mayer [R.] 1969:52, Figs. 1, 2B, 3A, 4C, 5A-C [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 9 (no. 1, art. 54); ref. 7715] Don River below Rostov, Ukraine. Syntypes: (6). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 1997:89 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:106 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:315 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33547], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328], Volkov et al. 2023:240 [560] [ref. 40530]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis tanaitica Băcescu & Mayer 1969. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Black Sea and Sea of Azov basins, and Volga-Kama system (Ukraine and Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

taurica, Cobitis Vasil'eva [E. D.], Vasil'ev [V. P.], Janko [K.], Ráb [P.] & Rábová [M.] in Janko et al. 2005:417, Fig. 4a [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 54 (no. 4); ref. 28442] Chernaya [Salgir] River, Crimean Peninsula, Urkraine. Holotype: ZMUU P-21358. Paratypes: ZMUU P-21358 (4), P-21360 (5 now 2), P-21631(1); NMP [ex ZMUU P-21360] P6V 83977-79 (3). Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Mlíkovský et al. 2011:154 [ref. 33498]. •Valid as Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová 2005 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:316 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385], Dyldin et al. 2020:105, 111 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis taurica Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová 2005. Cobitidae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Chernaya River, Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine, Russia); possibly more widely distributed in the Black Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.

tetralineata, Cobitis Kim [I.-S.], Park [J.-Y.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1999:379, Figs. 10 (A-E) [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 41; ref. 25348] Somjin River, Guraegu, Gurae-gun, Deonranam-do, Korea. Holotype: CNU 723. Paratypes: CNU 724-725 (3), uncat. (, 70, 3, 2); ISBB uncat. (4). •Valid as Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999 -- (Kim & Park 2002:226 [ref. 25913], Kim et al. 2003:4 [ref. 26956], Kim 2009:11 [ref. 30457], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890], Vasil'eva et al. 2016:589 [ref. 34979]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis tetralineata Kim, Park & Nalbant 1999. Cobitidae. Distribution: Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

tigrina, Niwaella Zhang [H.-X.], Zhang [Y.-P.], Chen [W.-J.] & Zhang [E] 2025:104, Figs.2-4 [Zootaxa 5583 (no. 1); ref. 41899] Ding-Jiang flowing into Xiu-Shui River, affluent of Lake Poyang, Tonggu County, Jiangxi Province, east China, 28°30'55"N, 114°16'59"E. Holotype: JPIFS 20230401. Paratypes: IHB 20230402 (1), JPIFS 20230803-20 (18). •Valid as Cobitis tigrina (Zhang, Zhang, Chen & Zhang 2025). Current status: Valid as Cobitis tigrina (Zhang, Zhang, Chen & Zhang 2025). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Xiu-Shui River drainage, Jiangxi Province, east China. Habitat: freshwater.

tokaiensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:123, Figs. 3H, 5H, 6H, 8E and Ff [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Creek of Kumozu River system, Tsu, Mie Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: MFM-FI1507. Paratypes: KPM-NI29509 (1), MPM-FI1508 (1), TKPM-P17347 (1), FRLM 24921 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii, but a valid subspecies tokaiensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

tosaensis, Cobitis Takahashi [H.] 2026:383, Figs. 2-4A, 4E, 5, 6A, 7A, 7E, 8, 9 [Zootaxa 5768 (no. 3); ref. 42804] Okuura River at Susaki, about 20km west of Kochi, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, 33.4261°N, 133.3592°E. Holotype: BSKU 119305. Paratypes: BSKU, TKPM. •Valid as Cobitis tosaensis Takahashi 2026. Current status: Valid as Cobitis tosaensis Takahashi 2026. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: rivers flowing into Tosa Bay, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

trichonica, Cobitis (Bicanestrinia) Stephanidis [A.] 1974:227, Figs. 1-3. [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 7541] Lake Trichonis, Greece. Syntypes: (35) whereabouts unknown. Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952] recognizing that there were two holotypes designated originally, "restricted" the type locality to Lake Trichonis, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Valid as Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis 1974 -- (Bianco & Nalbant 1980:906 [ref. 22380], Economidis & Nalbant 1996:309 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952], Vassilev 1998:282 [ref. 24118], Erk'akan et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:317 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:73 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis trichonica Stephanidis 1974. Cobitidae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

troasensis, Cobitis Freyhof [J.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2018:65, Figs. 51-53 [Zootaxa 4535 (1); ref. 36385] Stream Tuzla about 1 km south of Ayvacık, Çanakkale province, Turkey, 39.596 26.438. Holotype: ZFMK ICH-098603. Paratypes: FSJF. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Cobitis troasensis Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:339 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:58 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:464 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis troasensis Freyhof, Bayçelebi & Geiger 2018. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Tuzla River basin, Aegean coast (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

turcica, Cobitis taenia Hankó [B.] 1925:154, Fig. 3; Pl. 3 (fig. 8) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eregli, Turkey. Syntypes: MNH (2). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:891 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925 but may be same as Cobitis phrygica Battalgil 1944 -- (Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu 1988:429 [ref. 9105]). •Valid as Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925 -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:120 [ref. 23810], Erk'akan et al. 1999:24 [ref. 25143], Ludwig et al. 2001:388 [ref. 25216], Fricke et al. 2007:49 [ref. 29533], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2011:928 [ref. 31700], Kottelat 2012:29 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:380 [ref. 32679], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36385] dated 1924, Özdemir 2019:597 [ref. 36384], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Eagderi et al. 2022:419 [ref. 39387], Çiçek et al. 2023:340 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:58 [ref. 40789], Freyhof et al. 2025:464 [ref. 42718], Kaya et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis turcica Hankó 1925. Cobitidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean tributaries, southern Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

vardarensis, Cobitis taenia Karaman [S.] 1928:162 [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Vardar River, Yugoslavia/Macedonia. Syntypes: MMNHS (lost). Also in Karaman 1929:173 [ref. 15904]. •Valid as Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928 -- (Economidis & Nalbant 1996:301 [ref. 23723], Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952], Erk'akan et al. 1999:14 [ref. 25143], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:317 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:73 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2017:124 [ref. 35196], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Erk'akan et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35341], Freyhof et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36385]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis vardarensis Karaman 1928. Cobitidae. Distribution: Aegean Sea basin: Greece and Macedonia. Habitat: freshwater.

vettonica, Cobitis Doadrio [I.] & Perdices [A.] 1997:53, Figs. 1-2 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 119 (no. 1); ref. 22679] Arrago River, Cadalso de Gata, Cáceres, Tagus Basin, Spain, elevation 650 meters. Holotype: MNCN 18271. Paratypes: MNCN 17928-35 (8), 18163-66 (4), 18168 (1), 18171 (1), 18240-41 (2), 18273-74 (2), 18385 (1), 18640-52 (13), 19003 (1), 19004-05 (2), 39047-52 (6), 54492 (1), 54493-94 (2), 54495-98 (1, 1, 1, 1), 72687-91 (5), 72692 (1 c&s). •Valid as Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices 1997 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:317 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Corral-Lou et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39223], Doadrio et al. 2023:[19] [ref. 40299]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis vettonica Doadrio & Perdices 1997. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: western central Spain. Habitat: freshwater.

victoriae, Cobitis Fernández de la Cigoña [E.] 1999:21, Fig. 15 [ ref. 40300] Artificial lagoon in Caldelas, Minho River drainage, Galicia, Spain. no types known. First mentioned in the unavailable proceedings of a symposium by Fernández de la Cigoña & García-Ferreira in 1996. Not available, no distinguishing features. •In the synonymy of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930) -- (Kottelat 2012:27 [ref. 32367] with question, Doadrio et al. 2023:[6] [ref. 40299]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Cobitis paludica (de Buen 1930). Cobitidae.

wumingensis, Cobitis Chen [Y.-X.], Sui [X.-Y.], He [D.-K.] & Chen [Y.-F.] 2015:6, Figs. 4-5 [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 64 (no. 1); ref. 35710] River Wuming, a tributary of the River Youjiang in the middle part of the River Xijiang, River Pearl basin, Wuming County, Guangxi, China, 23°16'N, 108°26'E. Holotype: IHB 0605153. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Cobitis wumingensis Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015 -- (Chen et al. 2018:167 [ref. 35932], Tan et al. 2019:171 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis wumingensis Chen, Sui, He & Chen 2015. Cobitidae. Distribution: Pearl River basin, Guangxi Province, southern China. Habitat: freshwater.

xinjiangensis, Niwaella Chen [Y.-F.] & Chen [Y.-X.] 2005:1649, Figs. 1E, 2C, 3C, 4C, 6 [Journal of Natural History v. 39 (no. 19); ref. 28174] Xinjiang River, main upper stream of Boyanghu Lake, Guangfeng County, 28°26.1'N, 119°10.2'E, Jiangxi Province, China. Holotype: 90VI610. Paratypes: 90IV1093-8 (6), 90VI1060-9 (4), 90V1611 (1), 90VI1613-5 (3). Types kept in FFM, IHB CAS [IHCAS]. •Valid as Niwaella xinjiangensis Chen & Chen 2005 -- (Kottelat 2012:37 [ref. 32367] with question, Chen et al. 2017:505 [ref. 35645], Zhang et al. 2025:111 [ref. 41899]). •Valid as Cobitis xinjiangensis (Chen & Chen 2005). Current status: Valid as Cobitis xinjiangensis (Chen & Chen 2005). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Xinjiang River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

xui, Cobitis Tan [X.-C.], Li [P.], Wu [T.-J.] & Yang [J.] 2019:164, Figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 4604 (no. 1); ref. 36712] Buquan River, Youjiang basin, Buquan Town, Rong'an County, Guangxi, China, 23°4.35'N', 107°28.0'E, elevation 261 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2024001709 [ex GTEU 201705001]. Paratypes: KIZ 2024001710-16 [ex GTEU] (7). Type catalog: Min et al. 2026:10 [ref. 42825]. •Valid as Cobitis xui Tan, Li, Wu & Yang 2019. Current status: Valid as Cobitis xui Tan, Li, Wu & Yang 2019. Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: Buquan River drainage, upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi (China). Habitat: freshwater.

yeni, Cobitis Nguyen [T. T.] in Nguyen 2006:227, Fig. 114 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 3; ref. 29809] •Nomen nudum, not up to the code -- (Kottelat 2012:23 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Nudum. Cobitidae.

ylengensis, Cobitis Ngô [S. V.] 2003:18 (p.3 in separate), Fig. 2 [Tap Chi Thuy San No. 9 (9/2003); ref. 29823] Bai Dinh, Town Dan Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Bình Province, Vietnam. Holotype: RIA 1 (lot 501). Paratypes: (3). Endruweit 2014:144 [ref. 33205] found 8 specimens, he photographed one that may be a type. •Valid as Cobitis ylengensis Ngô 2003 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:178 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:144 [ref. 33205]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis ylengensis Ngô 2003. Cobitidae. Distribution: Town Dan Hoa, Minh Hoa, Quang Bình Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

yodoensis, Cobitis minamorii Nakajima [J.] 2012:126, 3J, 5J, 6J [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32326] Yodo River, Asahi-ku, Osaka Pref., Honshu, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 55719. Paratypes: FAKU 134643 (3), 55701 (1), 55702 (1); KUN -P41321 (6). •Synonym of Cobitis minamorii, but a valid subspecies yodoensis Nakajima 2012 as described -- (Nakajima 2016:120 [ref. 34247]). Current status: Synonym of Cobitis minamorii Nakajima 2012. Cobitidae. Distribution: Japan (subspecies). Habitat: freshwater.

yongdokensis, Iksookimia Kim [I.-S.] & Park [J.-Y.] 1997:250, Figs. 2-5 [Ichthyological Research v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 23149] Yongdokoship River, Yongjeon-ri, Dalsman-myon, Yongdok-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do, Korea, 36°23'47"N, 129°15'20"E. Holotype: CNU 21827. Paratypes: CAS 88032 (3); CNU 21788 (2), 21791 (1), 21792-94 (3), 21802 (1); ISBB 4647 (2); NSMT P-49055-57 (3). •Valid as Iksookimia yongdokensis Kim & Park 1997 -- (Kim 1997:301 [ref. 24032], Kim et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25431], Kim & Park 2002:218 [ref. 25913], Choi et al. 2003:177, 521 [ref. 26218], Kim 2009:16 [ref. 30547], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Chen et al. 2013:382 [ref. 32679]). •Valid as Cobitis yongdokensis (Kim & Park 1997) -- (Chen & Chen 2016:388 [ref. 34890]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis yongdokensis (Kim & Park 1997). Cobitidae. Distribution: East Asia: eastern South Korea. Habitat: freshwater.

zanandreai, Cobitis (Cobitis) taenia Cavicchioli [G.] 1965:1152, Figs. 1, 3 [Bollettino di Zoologia v. 32 (no. 2, pt 2); ref. 7947] Volturno River at Bridge Annibale, Capua, Caserta Province, southern Italy. Holotype: Inst. Anat. Comp. Univ. Ferrara 4. Paratypes: Inst. Anat. Comp. Univ. Ferrara (1), MSNM (48). •Synonym of Cobitis taenia Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:247 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Cobitis bilineata Canestrini 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:87 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli 1965 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:318 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897], Perdices et al. 2016:7 [ref. 34266], Eagderi et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35199], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Bellucci et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38590], Novaga et al. 2024:395 [ref. 41169]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis zanandreai Cavicchioli 1965. Cobitidae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Volturno and Liri-Garigliano drainage systems, central Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

zhejiangensis, Cobitis Son [Y.-M.] & He [S.-P.] 2005:237, Figs. 2-3 [Korean Journal of Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 4); ref. 29190] Ling River, Xianju district, Taizhou city, Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype: SUBC 9619. Paratypes: SUBC 9601-9616 (16), 9617-9632 [except 9619] (15). •Valid as Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He 2005 -- (Kottelat 2012:30 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:152 [ref. 34477], Tan et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36712]). Current status: Valid as Cobitis zhejiangensis Son & He 2005. Cobitidae. Distribution: Ling River, Xianju district, China. Habitat: freshwater.