Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Cyphocharax: [ 65 ] records

abramoides, Curimatus Kner [R.] 1858:76 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Mouth of Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 67042. Type catalog: Melo 2024:1 [ref. 41631]. Also appeared in Kner 1859:142, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [ref. 2631]. •Valid as Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner 1858) -- (Vari 1992:17 [ref. 19020] with holotype as NMW 67905 and date as 1859, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Silvano et al. 2020:107 [ref. 38133]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

albiventris, Cyphocharax Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], Nogueira [A. F.], Melo [B. F.] & Dutra [G. M.] 2024:4, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 4007; ref. 40784] Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 03°13'20"S, 52°12'57"W. Holotype: MPEG 35000. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, LBP, LIA, MCNIP, MPEG. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cyphocharax albiventris Netto-Ferreira, Nogueira, Melo & Dutra 2024. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax albiventris Netto-Ferreira, Nogueira, Melo & Dutra 2024. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Xingu drainage, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

albula, Curimatus Lütken [C. F.] 1875:127 [1] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas at Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMUC P241361 [ex ZMUC 52]. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1876.1.10.24 (1), 1876.1.10.70-71 (2); MNHN 0000-9588 [ex ZMUC] (2); NMW 62691 (1); SMNS 2038 (2); ZMB 9187 (2); ZMUC 51 (1), 56 (1), 57 (1), 59 (1), 67-69 (1, 1, 1); plus others evidently collected with the type series. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:34 [ref. 19577], Nielsen 1974:48 [ref. 9588], Fricke 1995:10 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:30 [ref. 29864]. On p. 1 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:91 [ref. 19020]. Also described in Lütken 1875:186 (and p. IX of summary) [ref. 19674]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Vari 1992:86 [ref. 19020], Britski 2001:20 [ref. 26046], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Curimatus albula Lütken 1875 -- (Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727]). •Valid as Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875) -- (Dutra et al. 2017:597 [ref. 35667], Dillman & Vari 2024:318 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Velhas drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

aninha, Cyphocharax Wosiacki [W. B.] & Miranda [D. P. da S.] 2014:627, Figs. 1, 3 [Copeia 2013 (no. 4); ref. 33098] Pará , Almeirim Municipality, Rio Mopeco, left tributary of Rio Paru, left tributary of lower Rio Amazonas, 0°49'24.2"N, 53°5"46.4"W, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 23609. Paratypes: INPA, MCP. MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Cyphocharax aninha Wosiacki & Miranda 2014 -- (Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax aninha Wosiacki & Miranda 2014. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Mopeco, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

aspilos, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:61, Figs. 40-42 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Estación Centro Adistramiento Don Bosco, Carrasguero, Zulia, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-13286. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-6914 (2), V-13300 (3), ?V-20329 (2); USNM 121311 (2), 121319 (1); plus non-type material. •Synonym of Curimata magdalenae (Steindachner 1878) -- (Galvis et al. 1997:35 [ref. 23651]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878). •Valid as Cyphocharax aspilos Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2010:382 [ref. 30968], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2024:[8] [ref. 41133]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax aspilos Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Lake Maracaibo basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

biocellatus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.], Sidlauskas [B. L.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.] 2012:64, Fig. 1 [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 31971] Litani River at mouth and confluence with Marowijni River, Litani River mouth, just upstream from settlement of Konya Kondre, 3°17'24"N, 54°04'38"W, Sipalawini, Suriname. Holotype: ANSP 189146. Paratypes: MNHN 2010-0006 (1), NZCS F 6828-6829 (2). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Cyphocharax biocellatus Vari, Sidlauskas & Le Bail 2012 -- (Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:630 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax biocellatus Vari, Sidlauskas & Le Bail 2012. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Marowijne River/Maroni River system of eastern Suriname and western French Guiana and Mana basin in French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

boiadeiro, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.] 2017:115, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 2); ref. 35213] Alto Araguaia, córrego do Sapo, upriver Couto Magalhães falls, rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 17°31'10.6"S, 53°15'33.0"W. Holotype: LIRP 14133. Paratypes: LBP, LIRP, MZUSP. •Valid as Cyphocharax boiadeiro Melo 2017 -- (Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2022:335 [ref. 39301], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax boiadeiro Melo 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Araguaia River drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

caboclo, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.], Tencatt [L. F. C.] & Oliveira [C.] 2022:329, Figs. 1-2A-E, 3 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 110 (no. 2); ref. 39301] Ribeirão Comprido, tributary of Rio Correntes, upper Rio Paraguai basin, Itiquira, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 17°32'05"S, 54°25'36"W. Holotype: MNRJ 52506. Paratypes: LBP, MNRJ, MZUSP, NUP, ZUFMS. •Valid as Cyphocharax caboclo Melo, Tencatt & Oliveira 2022 -- (Melo et al. 2025:269 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax caboclo Melo, Tencatt & Oliveira 2022. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Paraguai basin, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

corumbae, Steindachnerina Pavanelli [C. S.] & Britski [H. A.] 1999:212, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 24224] Rio Pirapitinga, tributary of Rio Corumbá, Caldas Novas, Goiás State, Brazil, 17°48'S, 48°33'W. Holotype: MZUSP 52361. Paratypes: MNRJ 11210 (1); MZUSP 52362-70 (25), 52371-74 (7, 3 c&s). Not treated in Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], added in Corrigenda (2005). •Valid as Steindachnerina corumbae Pavanelli & Britski 1999 -- (Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:523 [ref. 31707]). •Valid as Cyphocharax corumbae (Pavanelli & Britski 1999) -- (Melo et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35986], dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364] as cf. corumbae, Dillman & Vari 2024:319 [ref. 40817], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax corumbae (Pavanelli & Britski 1999). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Corumbá drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cramptoni, Cyphocharax Bortolo [G. C.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2020:2, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190135; ref. 37597] Rio Mentaí, tributary of rio Arapiuns, village of Cachoeirinha, Santarém, Pará, Brazil, 2°43'28.64"S, 55°36'5.60"W. Holotype: ZUEC 17124. Paratypes: MCP, MPEG, UF, ZUEC. •Valid as Cyphocharax cramptoni Bortolo & Lima 2020 -- (Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax cramptoni Bortolo & Lima 2020. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: lower Arapiuns-Tapajós River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

derhami, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] & Chang [F.] 2006:94, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28639] Río Marañon, Yanayacu, Quebrada Negra, 4°52'30"S, 74°55'W, Province de Loreto, Dept. de Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 13272. Paratypes: MHNG 2528.34 (1), MUSM 5335 (1). •Valid as Cyphocharax derhami Vari & Chang 2006 -- (Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:26 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax derhami Vari & Chang 2006. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

esperanzae, Curimata Myers [G. S.] 1929:620 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 18); ref. 3102] Cachuela Esperanza, Río Beni, Bolivia. Lectotype: CAS 63049 [ex IU 17281]. Paralectotypes: CAS 63050-51 (5, 1). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:120 [ref. 19020]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

festivus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:45, Figs. 26-27 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Caños entering Río Nanay, northeast of Iquitos, Peru, about 3°49'S, 73°11'W. Holotype: USNM 280426. Paratypes: MUSM 2596 (5); MZUSP 41300 (5); NRM 26547 (3), 23741 [not 26628] (10); USNM 280427 (5, 1 c&s); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:462 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax festivus Vari 1992 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:26 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax festivus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

gangamon, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:96, Figs. 72-73 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Lago da Santa Clara, Monte Cristo, Pará, Rio Tapajós, Brazil, about 4°04'S, 55°38'W. Holotype: MZUSP 22037. Paratypes: MZUSP 41752 (8), USNM 309290 (6), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:462 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gangamon Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Melo & Faria 2024:9 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gangamon Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: lower Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gilbert, Curimata Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:219, Pl. 48 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rio Macacu, tributary of Bahia da Guanabara, Brazil [= Rio Macacu at the village of Japuíba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°33'40"S, 42°41'40"W]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5430. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:34 [ref. 19577]. Type locality restricted by Koerber & Reis 2020:4 [ref. 37463]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Vari 1992:86 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], Catelani et al. 2014:931 [ref. 37496], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Dutra et al. 2017:598 [ref. 35667], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2024:557 [ref. 42662], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages (eastern Brazil). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

gillii, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:510 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 39829 [ex IU 9939]. Paratypes: FMNH 52627 [ex IU 9938] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Vari 1992:109 [ref. 19020], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[5] [ref. 35679], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

gnaca, Curimata Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Braga [L.] 1988:118, Fig. 1 [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 16155] Pond of the Barrio Toba, Resistencia, Chaco Province, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 7945 [ex 2-III-68-18]. Paratypes: MLP 8034 [ex 5-V-68-88] (7), 7946 (2). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:2 [ref. 33466]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987) -- (Vari 1992:72 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:75 [ref. 28130], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gouldingi, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:107, Figs. 80-81 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Along road to Serra Navio, Rio Cupixi, Amapá, Brazil, about 0°40'N, 51°40'W. Holotype: MZUSP 41762. Paratypes: MZUSP 41763 (13), USNM 268010 (13, 1 c&s), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:462-463 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gouldingi Vari 1992 -- (Vari & Blackledge 1996:112 [ref. 22022], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari & Chang 2006:93 [ref. 28639], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:16 [ref. 40784], Melo & Faria 2024:9 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gouldingi Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amapá, lower Amazon and Tocantins-Araguaia River basins, Brazil and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

grandocule, Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos) 1948:47, Fig. 23 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Vicinity of Linhares and Lago Juparaná, Espírito Santos, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 20352. Paratypes: MZUSP 1958 (1). Type catalog: Britski 1969:203 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:492 [ref. 23140]. Britski 1969:203 [ref. 12401] corrected authorship and locality. •Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Vari 1992:86 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Dutra et al. 2017:598 [ref. 35667]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

helleri, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1910:266 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 47 (no. 17) (for 30 June 1910); ref. 14874] Upper Suriname River, Suriname. Syntypes: (3) NMW (apparently lost). Type catalog: Melo 2024:2 [ref. 41631]. •Valid as Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910) -- (Vari 1992:32 [ref. 19020], Planquette et al. 1996120 [ref. 22818], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

hermanni, Curimatus Ahl [E.] 1931:207 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Rio Capim, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: ZMB orig. nos. 768, 769 (2, apparently lost). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ivo, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.], Gama [S. S.] & Sabaj Pérez [M. H.] 2025:266, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 168 (no. 1); ref. 42108] Rio Mapaoni, tributary to upper rio Jari, Amazon basin, Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amapá, Brazil, 2°11'55.4"N, 54°35'4.1"W. Holotype: IEPA 4825. Paratypes: ANSP 212458 (2). •Valid as Cyphocharax ivo Melo, Gama & Sabaj Pérez 2025. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax ivo Melo, Gama & Sabaj Pérez 2025. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Jari River drainage, Amazon basin, Amapá State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jagunco, Cyphocharax Dutra [G. M.], Penido [I. de S.], Guimarães de Mello [G. C.] & Pessali [T. C.] 2016:155, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 4103 (no. 2); ref. 34378] Vereda Volta da Capoeira, tributary of Ribeirão da Areia, Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Município Olhos D'água, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 17°15'25.98"S, 43°43'35.91"W. Holotype: MCNIP 1612. Paratypes: MCNIP, MPEG. •Valid as Cyphocharax jagunco Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali 2016 -- (Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax jagunco Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali 2016. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

laticlavius, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] & Blackledge [T. A.] 1996:109, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1996 (no. 1); ref. 22022] Quebrada tributary to Río Jatuncocha, about 1 kilometer upstream from Laguna Jatuncocha, 1°00'06"S, 75°31'36"W, Napo, Ecuador. Holotype: FMNH 101503. Paratypes: FMNH 101504 (2), 105059 (9); MEPN 4570 (9), 4751 (2); USNM 336592 (2, 1 c&s), 336594 (9). •Valid as Cyphocharax laticlavius Vari & Blackledge 1996 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari & Chang 2006:93 [ref. 28639], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax laticlavius Vari & Blackledge 1996. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: tributary to Jatuncocha Lagoon, western Amazon basin, Napo Province, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

leucostictus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:425 [17] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Vivinity of Manaus, Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 787. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20315 (1). On p. 17 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:28 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:26 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Silvano et al. 2020:107 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:138 [ref. 42338], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:12 [ref. 40784], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and coastal drainages of Amapá State (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

lundi, Cyphocharax Dutra [G. M.], Penido [I. de S.], Guimarães de Mello [G. C.] & Pessali [T. C.] 2016:159, Fig. 4 [Zootaxa 4103 (no. 2); ref. 34378] Karst of Lagoa Santa, Córrego Capão de Santana, tributary of Córrego do Jaques, itself a tributary of the Rio das Velhas, Rio São Francisco drainage, Município Confins, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19°36'55.61"S, 43°57'20.46"W. Holotype: MCNIP 807. Paratypes: MCNIP, MPEG. •Valid as Cyphocharax lundi Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali 2016 -- (Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875) -- (Dutra et al. 2017:597 [ref. 35667], Dillman & Vari 2024:318 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Curimatopsis Ahl [E.] 1934:240 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1934 (nos 4-7); ref. 16409] Argentina. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20818. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870) -- (Vari 1992:78 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

magdalenae, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1878:90 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 15 (no. 12) (for 9 May 1878); ref. 20476] Río Magdalena, northwestern Colombia. Lectotype: NMW 68873.1. Paralectotypes: MSNG 9238 (1), NMW 68873.2-3 (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:184 [ref. 10343]. Originally described as above, species later described as "Curimatus magdalenae n. sp.? (an Curim. argenteus Gill.?)" in more detail in Steindachner 1879:50 [p. 34 of separate] [ref. 4227]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:58 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Curimata magdalenae Steindachner 1878 -- (Bussing 1987:97 [ref. 22927], Galvis et al. 1997:35 [ref. 23651]). •Valid as Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878) -- (Vari 1992:56 [ref. 19020], Bussing 1998:126 [ref. 24179], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Angulo et al. 2013:991 [ref. 33194], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Angulo et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37425], Angulo 2021:15 [ref. 38913], Melo et al. 2024:[8] [ref. 41133]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878). Curimatidae. Distribution: Central America, northwestern South America: southern Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

meniscaprorus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:105, Fig. 79 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] About 85 kilometers from Ciudad Bolívar, about 3 kilometers downstream from bridge at Rt. 19, Río Aro, Bolívar, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-20333. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20334 (15), USNM 235484 (15, 2 c&s); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:7 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Cyphocharax meniscaprorus Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax meniscaprorus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Aro River, Orinoco basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

mestomyllon, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:77, Fig. 54 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Cachoeira de Bicho-Açu (about 0°20'S, 65°29[or 20]'W), Rio Marauiá, Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 41755. Paratypes: MZUSP 41756 (24), USNM 309289 (24, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:463 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax mestomyllon Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax mestomyllon Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Marauiá River drainage, Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

microcephalus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:423 [15] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Suriname. Lectotype: MCZ 785. Paralectotypes: MCZ 92958 [ex MCZ 785] (3). On p. 15 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:56 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax microcephalus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:54 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax microcephalus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Atlantic drainages (?French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

modestus, Curimatorbis Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos) 1948:43, Fig. 21 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Near Bauru, Rio Batalha, tributary of Rio Tietê, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 20299. Paratypes: MZUSP 1350 (1), 5250-51 (1, 1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:460 [ref. 23140]. Locality and authorship corrected by Britski 1969:201, 203 [ref. 12401]. •Valid as Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Vari 1992:82 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Brandão et al. 2023:119 [ref. 40464], Oliveira et al. 2026:6 [ref. 42855]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin and Paraguay River above Sete Quedas Falls (Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

multilineatus, Curimatus Myers [G. S.] 1927:109 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Rio Negro at Bucuri, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 58605 [ex IU 17672]. •Valid as Cyphocharax multilineatus (Myers 1927) -- (Vari & Barriga Salazar 1990:351 [ref. 15520], Vari 1992:38 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Melo & Vari 2014:331 [ref. 33379], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax multilineatus (Myers 1927). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and upper Orinoco River basins, Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

muyrakytan, Cyphocharax Bortolo [G. C.], Lima [F. C. T.] & Melo [B. F.] 2018:346, Fig. 1 [Copeia v. 106 (no. 2); ref. 36016] Lake two km north of Comunidade Santa Sofia, Rio Arapiuns, Santarém, Pará, Brazil, 2°18'34"S, 55°07'41"W. Holotype: ZUEC 14100. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, LBP, MCP, MPEG, MZUSP, UF, ZUEC. •Valid as Cyphocharax muyrakytan Bortolo, Lima & Melo 2018. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax muyrakytan Bortolo, Lima & Melo 2018. Curimatidae. Distribution: Lower Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nagelii, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1881:98 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 18 (no. 11) (for 5 May 1881); ref. 20484] Vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [erroneous, possibly upper Rio Grande, upper Paraná River basin]. Holotype (unique): NMW 68808. Type catalog: Melo 2024:3 [ref. 41631]. Species originally spelled as Nägelii, mandatory correction to naegelii according to ICZN Art. 32.5.2.1. Described in more detail in Steindachner 1881:11 [ref. 14299]. •Valid as Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Vari 1992:23 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Cyphocharax naegelii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Dillman & Vari 2024:321 [ref. 40817], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax naegelii (Steindachner 1881). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

nigripinnis, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:49, Figs. 29-30 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Praia do Xeruini, Rio Branco, Roraima, Brazil, about 1°00"S, 61°50'W. Holotype: MZUSP 42025. Paratypes: MZUSP 42026-28 (1, 1, 28); USNM 267976 (19), 311098 (2), 311108-09 (1, 2), 311111 (3), 311114 (2); plus non-type material. •Valid as Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

notatus, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1908:166 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 11) (for 2 Apr. 1908); ref. 18806] Belém fish market, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 75793. •Valid as Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:26 [ref. 42137], Koerber et al. 2022:25 [ref. 39235], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

oenas, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:121, Fig. 93 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] 92 nautical miles from sea buoy (8°18'00"N, 61°25'36"W), secondary caño off Caño Paloma, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-20336. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20337 (1), USNM 235485 (10, 1 c&s). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:7 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Cyphocharax oenas Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento 2016:529 [ref. 34727], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax oenas Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

orion, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.] & Faria [T. C.] 2024:3, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 1): e230122; ref. 41003] Rio Juma, Rio Aripuanã drainage, Madeira system, Amazon basin, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 07°16'43.31"S, 60°03'23.96"W. Holotype: LBP 34856. Paratypes: LBP 33070 (4), ZUEC 18036 (1). •Valid as Cyphocharax orion Melo & Faria 2024. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax orion Melo & Faria 2024. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Aripuanã drainage, Madeira River system, Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pantostictos, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] & Barriga Salazar [R. E.] 1990:551, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 103 (no. 3); ref. 15520] Laguna de Jatuncocha, Napo, Ecuador, 1°00'S, 75°29'W. Holotype: USNM 306594. Paratypes: ANSP 164980-81 (1, 1); MEPN 4554 (1), 4557-58 (1, 1); NRM 26567 (1); USNM 280573 (1), 305616 (1, c&s), 305617 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:19-20 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari & Barriga Salazar 1990 -- (Vari 1992:30 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:26 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari & Barriga Salazar 1990. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

pijpersi, Curimatopsis (Hemicurimata) esperanzae Géry [J.] 1965:123, Pl. 2 (fig. 18) [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 35; ref. 7962] "Vier Gebroeders Creek", Sipaliwini River basin, southern Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 104283. Paratypes: (16) Géry Coll. (3); ZMA 104284-85 (8, 3). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:17 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910) -- (Vari 1992:32 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pinnilepis, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.], Zanata [A. M.] & Camelier [P.] 2010:382, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2010 (no. 3); ref. 30968] Aurelino Leal, Laje do Banco, Rio do Banco, tributary of Rio Gongogi, Rio de Contas basin, 14°22'01"S, 39°24'56"W, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 103250. Paratypes: UFBA, USNM. Plus non-type specimens •Valid as Cyphocharax pinnilepis Vari, Zanata & Camelier 2010 -- (Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax pinnilepis Vari, Zanata & Camelier 2010. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

platanus, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1880:12 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 6 (no. 31) (art. 2); ref. 14279] Río de la Plata, Argentina. Lectotype: BMNH 1878.5.16.59. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1878.5.16.60 (1). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:23 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax platanus (Günther 1880) -- (Vari 1992:22 [ref. 19020], Gómez & Chebez 1996:56 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:35 [ref. 27632], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax platanus (Günther 1880). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin and upper Paraguay River (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

plumbeus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:425 [17] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Lake Hyanuary (= Paraná do Januari), Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 31493. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20348 + 20187 (16), 92960 [ex MCZ 31493] (7); USNM 120256 [ex MCZ 20348] (6). Type information: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022]. On p. 17 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:53 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:51 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:26 [ref. 42137], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:12 [ref. 40784], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Tocantins River basins (Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

punctata, Curimata Vari [R. P.] & Nijssen [H.] 1986:52, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-4) [Beaufortia v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 8027] Litani River near Kawatop Village, upper Marowijne River system, Marowijne District, Suriname, 3°11'N, 54°12'W. Holotype: USNM 275000. Paratypes: ANSP 158202 (3); BMNH 1986.3.26.1-3 (3); CAS 58151 (3); FMNH 96906 (3); IRSNB 651 (orig. 76, now 56), 652 (3); MHNG 2251.05 (3); MNHN 1986-0395 (3); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 651] (30); NMW 82174 (3); USNM 278053 (6, 3 c&s), 278054 (5); ZMA 119424-25 (4, 3), 119458 (3). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:10-11 [ref. 20755], Vari & Howe 1991:17 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:458 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax punctatus (Vari & Nijssen 1986) -- (Vari 1992:63 [ref. 19020], Planquette et al. 1996: [ref. 22818] as punctata, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax punctatus (Vari & Nijssen 1986). Curimatidae. Distribution: Marowijne River system: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

rehni, Curimatella Fowler [H. W.] 1932:343, Fig. [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 84; ref. 16366] Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 53721. Paratypes: ANSP 53722-27 [not 53722-37] (5), Géry [ex ANSP 53727] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Vari 1992:109 [ref. 19020], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

saladensis, Curimatopsis Meinken [H.] 1933:71, Fig. [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 44 (no. 5); ref. 16504] Río Salado, affluent to Río Paraná, Santa Fe region, Argentina. Syntypes: ZMB (lost), possibly from the same aquarium stock: USNM 94306, 94307. Type information: Vari 1992:71 [ref. 19020] with USNM 94307 (2) from the same imported shipment as the types. •Valid as Cyphocharax saladensis (Meinken 1933) -- (Malabarba 1989:124 [ref. 14217], Vari 1992:69 [ref. 19020], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:74 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Serra et al. 2013:1577 [ref. 33003], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2022:335 [ref. 39301], Giora & Wingert 2023:22 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506], Dillman & Vari 2024:322 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax saladensis (Meinken 1933). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

sanctigabrielis, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.] & Vari [R. P.] 2014:328, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33379] Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Igarapé Nouba Uba, near BR-307 road, upper rio Negro, Amazon basin, 00°00.321'N, 66°55.357’W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 115004. Paratypes: LBP 6963 (6). •Valid as Cyphocharax sanctigabrielis Melo & Vari 2014 -- (Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax sanctigabrielis Melo & Vari 2014. Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper rio Negro, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

santacatarinae, Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1948:50, Fig. 25 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Hansa, margin of Rio Itajai, near Blumenau, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11581. Paratypes: MZUSP 1806 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:492 [ref. 23140]. For clarification of locality and types see Britski 1969:203 [ref. 12401]. •Valid as Cyphocharax sanctaecatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Vari 1992:93 [ref. 19020], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers of Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

signatus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:67, Fig. 47 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Rio Vermelho, where crossed by road from Aruanã to Britânia, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 41757. Paratypes: MZUSP 41758 (1), USNM 308392 (3, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:464 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax signatus Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax signatus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Vermelho River drainage, Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

spilota, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1987:603, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 6059] Rio Santa Maria, at bridge on Rodovia highway BR-293 between Dom Pedrito and Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 37133. Paratypes: MCP 9613 (4), MZUSP 37134 (7), USNM 285194 (12, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:17 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:458-459 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987) -- (Vari 1992:72 [ref. 19020], Gómez & Chebez 1996:56 [ref. 23791], Butí & Cancino 1999:71 [ref. 25277], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:12 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:75 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Giora & Wingert 2023:23 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay, lower Paraná, and Paraguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

spiluropsis, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:420 [12] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Iça, tributary of Rio Solimões, near Brazil-Colombia border, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 92961. Paralectotypes and non-types: MCZ 20216 + 20218 (4 of 5, mixed) + 27408; USNM 120403 [ex MCZ 20216 or/and 27408] (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022]. On p. 12 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:115 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Curimata spiluropsis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020]). •Valid as Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061] with type as MCZ 20818, Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:26 [ref. 42137], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:16 [ref. 40784], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003], Melo et al. 2025:270 [ref. 42108]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

spilurus, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1864:288 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Lectotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.70. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.71 (1). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:101 [ref. 19020]; paralectotype is identified as Cyphocharax helleri by Vari. •Valid as Curimata spilurus Günther 1864 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708] as spilura). •Valid as Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864) -- (Taphorn 1992:417 [ref. 23654], Vari 1992:100 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:7 [ref. 24302], Planquette et al. 1996:124 [ref. 22818], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Chuctaya et al. 2022:26 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40784], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:138 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: rivers draining the Guiana Shield, Venezuela to French Guiana; Peru. IUCN (2024): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

steindachneri, Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1948:48, Fig. 24 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Truando [not Boca de Certegui], Río Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 60623 [ex IU 13472 in part]. Paratypes: IU 13473 (1) [in error]. See Vari 1992:59 [ref. 19020] for information on the holotype, putative paratype, and type locality. •Synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878) -- (Vari 1992:56 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaturus, Curimatus Fowler [H. W.] 1914:673 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65 (for 1913); ref. 1391] Río Marañon at Nauta, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 21424 (poor condition). Paratypes: ANSP 21425-27 (3, in jar with holotype). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:67 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Curimata stigmatura Fowler 1914 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

stilbolepis, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:20, Figs 4-5 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Belo Monte, Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, about 3°10'S, 5°50'W. Holotype: MZUSP 41759. Paratypes: MZUSP 41760 (5), USNM 268057 (5, 1 c&s), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:464 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745] as cf. stilbolepis, Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[5] [ref. 35679], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocantins and Xingu River basins, Brazil and Ecuador?. Habitat: freshwater.

surinamensis, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1910:267 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 47 (no. 17) (for 30 June 1910); ref. 14874] Upper Suriname River, Suriname. Syntypes: (4) NMW (apparently lost). •Synonym of Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864) -- (Vari 1992:100 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

tamuya, Cyphocharax Dutra [G. M.], Vita [G.], Gentile [P. V.], Ochoa [L. E.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2022:5, Figs. 1, 2A [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 3): e220017; ref. 39492] Paraibuna River, Paraibuna, São Paulo, Brazil, 23°22'59"S, 45°40'00"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125833. Paratypes: MZUSP. •Valid as Cyphocharax tamuya Dutra, Vita, Gentile, Ochoa & Netto-Ferreira 2022. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax tamuya Dutra, Vita, Gentile, Ochoa & Netto-Ferreira 2022. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Paraíbuna and Paraitinga River drainages, upper Paraíba do Sul River basin, São Paulo, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ucayalensis, Curimatoides Fowler [H. W.] 1940:256, Fig. 55 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 68670. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:67 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Curimatella ucayalensis (Fowler 1940) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vandeli, Curimatus Puyo [J.] 1943:145 [5], Fig. 3 [Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse v. 78 (no. 3); ref. 13072] Small creek in region of upper Marouni River, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): apparently lost. On p. 5 of separate. •Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910) -- (Vari 1992:32 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vanderi, Curimata Britski [H. A.] 1980:327, Fig. 1 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 33 (no. 23); ref. 8734] Rio Corumbataí, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 4325. Paratypes: MZUSP 4305-24 (20), 4326-27 (2), 4328-37 (10), 4338-42 (5), 13395-96 (2). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:459-460 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax vanderi (Britski 1980) -- (Vari 1992:65 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597], dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364], Melo et al. 2022:335 [ref. 39301]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax vanderi (Britski 1980). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

vari, Curimata Gaye-Siessegger [J.] & Fricke [R.] 1998:3, Fig. 1 [Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie). No. 576; ref. 23755] Rio Cubatão, 2 kilometers above national highway bridge, 27°41'30"S, 48°40'50"W, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 22105 [ex SMNS 17508]. Paratypes: SMNS 19170 (1), USNM 345527 (1). Type catalog: Fricke 2005:29 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:267 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vexillapinnus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:39, Figs. 20-22 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] 10 kilometers upstream of Belén (Iquitos), Río Itaya, Loreto, Peru, about 3°51'S, 73°12'W. Holotype: USNM 296394. Paratypes: MUSM 2721 (4), MZUSP 41761 (3), NRM 26569 (6), USNM 296361 (8); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:464 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax vexillapinnus Vari 1992 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax vexillapinnus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: middle and upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

voga, Curimatus Hensel [R.] 1870:78 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 36 (pt. 1); ref. 18277] Rio dos Sinos at São Leopoldo, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMB 7472. Paralectotypes: ZMB 23577 (3, plus 2 lost). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:81 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870) -- (Malabarba 1989:124 [ref. 14217], Vari 1992:78 [ref. 19020], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Sverlij et al. 1998:36 [ref. 27632], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:12 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:76 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Giora & Wingert 2023:24 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in southeast South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

xinguensis, Curimatus (Curimatella) Steindachner [F.] 1908:167 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 11) (for 2 Apr. 1908); ref. 18806] Rio Xingu, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 68817. •Synonym of Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:26 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.