Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Etheostoma: [ 224 ] records

aesopus, Boleosoma Cope [E. D.] 1870:270 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (for 7 Jan. 1870); ref. 14127] Loyalsoc Creek, tributary of the Susquehanna River, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:14 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:137 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

akatulo, Etheostoma Layman [S. R.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2009:158, Fig. 1A, 1B [Copeia 2009 (no. 1); ref. 30060] Caney Fork River system, Collins River between mouths of Scott and Hillis creeks, 1.6 air kilometers southeast of Irving College, 35°34.188'N, 85°42.064'W, Warren County, Tennessee,U.S.A. Holotype: UAIC 10382.02. Paratypes: INHS 77585 (4); SIUC 70039 (4); TU 167868 (4); UAIC 10382.10 (7); UMMZ 187464 (1), 187465 (22); USNM 328258 (4); UT 91.4426 (4). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009 -- (Page & Burr 2011:542 [ref. 31215], Layman & Mayden 2012:19 [ref. 32285], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma akatulo Layman & Mayden 2009. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: pper Caney Fork River system, Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

alabamae, Etheostoma whipplei Gilbert [C. H.] & Swain [J.] in Gilbert 1887:62 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] Black Warrior River near Morris and near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS-SU 2318 (2); USNM 36735 (6), 36687 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:42 [ref. 20211]. The original spelling of the species whipplii is an acceptable spelling, but based on Art. 33.2.3.1 of the Code, the spelling whipplei can be retained. •Synonym of Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:121 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

appalachia, Hololepis barratti Bailey [J. R.] 1950:312 [Copeia 1950 (no. 4); ref. 12933] Pond south of mouth of Bent Creek, about 300 feet west of French Broad River, Buncombe County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 156224. Paratypes: Author coll. (orig. 11, now 2?), CUMV 18444 (3), DU uncat. (6), UMMZ 156225 (49, now 48). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:49 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854), subspecies barratti (Holbrook 1855) -- (Collette 1962:174 [ref. 5865]). •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

arcansanum, Etheostoma zonale Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1886:5 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 549) (for 14 Aug. 1886); ref. 10626] Washita [Ouachita] River at Arkadelphia, Arkansas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36410. Paralectotypes: UMMZ 187506 [ex IU 777, IU 4543] (7), 187507 [ex IU] (4); USNM 36249 (2), 36275 (1), 36399 (2), 36447 (15), 188970 [ex USNM 36410] (25). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:43 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:43 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868) -- (Page 1983:73 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

arcuscelestis, Etheostoma Crevecoeur [F. F.] 1903:177 [Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science v. 18 (for 1901-1902); ref. 15024] French Creek, tributary of Vermillion River near Onaga, Pottawatomie County, Kansas, U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:23 [ref. 20211]. Originally as arcus-celestis. •Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854) -- (Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

artesiae, Poecilichthys Hay [O. P.] 1881:494 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Small branch of Catawba River at Artesia, Lowndes County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 27434. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:60 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859), but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:709 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:125 [ref. 22189], Retzer et al. 1986:640 [ref. 22453], Robison & Buchanan 1988:444 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Etheostoma artesiae (Hay 1881) -- (Piller et al. 2001:802 [ref. 25456], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:340 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:508 [ref. 27995], Page & Burr 2011:575 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma artesiae (Hay 1881). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Gulf Coast drainages and lower Mississippi River basin (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

asprigenis, Poecilichthys Forbes [S. A.] in Jordan 1878:41 [Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 10444] Small creek near Pekin, Tazewell County, Illinois, U.S.A. Syntypes: (14) CAS-SU 2201 (2); UMMZ 128139 (1), 128278 (1), 128449 (1), 144351 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:60-61 [ref. 20211], Sabaj et al. 1997:289 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878) -- (Lee et al. 1980:624 [ref. 22416], Warren Jr. & Cicerello 1982:3 [ref. 40469], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:130 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:132 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:409 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:313 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:461 [ref. 22809], Lyons et al. 2000:44 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:457 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:342 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:19 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:577 [ref. 31215], Suttkus et al. 2012:18 [ref. 32288], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma asprigene (Forbes 1878). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Mississippi River basin, Wisconson to Louisiana (central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

atraquae, Hololepis fusiformis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:68, Pl. 1 (fig. 11) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Mattawoman Creek, Prince George-Charles County line, Potomac River drainage basin, Maryland, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 107090. Paratypes: UMMZ 107089 (17, now 15); USNM 92946 (4), 117547 [ex. UMMZ] (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:49-50 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:151 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

atripinnis, Arlina Jordan [D. S.] 1877:10 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum [v. 1] No. 10; ref. 2374] Tributary of Cumberland River near Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 20483 (poor condition). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:12 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877) -- (Lee et al. 1980:625 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:89 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:76 [ref. 22189], Powers & Mayden 2007:10 [ref. 29367], Scharpf 2008:20 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:552 [ref. 31215], Harrington & Near 2012:64 [ref. 31699], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Cumberland River tributaries, Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

atromaculata, Estrella Girard [C. F.] 1859:66 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1821] Potomac River near Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:22 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842, but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:677 [ref. 22416], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399]). •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:333 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

aubeenaubei, Etheostoma Evermann [B. W.] 1900:367, Pl. 17 [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner Pt. 25 (for 1899); ref. 14726] Aubeenaubee Creek, east inlet of Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall County, Indiana, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 65248 [not 49379]. Paratypes: (many) USNM 65249 (10), 65255 (2), 65258 (10), 65260 (69 or 71), 65263 (5). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:23 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

australe, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] 1889:362 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 723); ref. 10478] Río Chihuahua, Mexico. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:23 [ref. 20211]. Replacement name for Diplesion fasciatus Girard 1859, secondarily preoccupied by Catonotus fasciatus Girard 1859 when both are in Etheostoma; same types as for fasciatus. •Valid as Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889 -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:129 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:141 [ref. 22189], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:64 [ref. 22290], Norris & Minckley 1997:174 [ref. 23278], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Miller et al. 2006:335 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2008:20 [ref. 30399], Page et al. 2013:136[ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:543 [ref. 41622]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Southern North America: upper Río Conchos, Atlantic slope of Chihuahua and Durango (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

autumnale, Etheostoma Mayden [R. L.] 2010:727, Figs. 1D, 2 [Copeia 2010 (no. 4); ref. 31085] Sawyer Creek at junction Missouri hwys B and D, just west of Henderson, 37°08'29.8"N, 93°03'44.98"W, Webster County, Missouri. Holotype: USNM 398661 [ex UAIC 11155.04]. Paratypes: INHM 81704 (2); KU 20971 (3), 21268 (18), 21269 (1); UAIC 11155.04 (2); UF 178389 (2); UMMZ 248866 (2). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010 -- (Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma autumnale Mayden 2010. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri and Arkansas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

baileyi, Etheostoma Page [L. M.] & Burr [B. M.] 1982:2, Fig. 1a [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 101; ref. 5462] Little Sexton Creek, tributary of South Fork Kentucky River, Clay County, Kentucky, U.S.A., 37°19'N, 83°45'W. Holotype: INHS 87484. Paratypes: INHS 86871 (12), KU 19109 (9), SIUC 1026 (16), UF 32481 (10), UT 91.2360 (9). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:278 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr 1982 -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:90 [ref. 38055], Page & Burr 1991:299 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:463 [ref. 22809], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:20 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:551 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma baileyi Page & Burr 1982. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

barbouri, Etheostoma (Catonotus) Kuehne [R. A.] & Small [J. W., Jr.] 1971:19, Fig. 1 (middle) [Copeia 1971 (no. 1); ref. 7686] Brush Creek, tributary of Green River, 2.7 miles north of Liberty, Casey County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 204339. Paratypes: UMMZ 174474 (31), 188926 (10); USNM 204340-44 (1, 1, 20, 7, 20), 204868 (6). •Valid as Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & Small 1971 -- (Lee et al. 1980:626 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:146 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:151 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:322 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:464 [ref. 22809], Page et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27127], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:20 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:597 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Near & Thomas 2015:141 [ref. 34008], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma barbouri Kuehne & Small 1971. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

barratti, Boleosoma Holbrook [J. E.] 1855:56, Pl. 6 (fig. 3) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 3 (art. 1); ref. 15935] Florida, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 24571 [ex MCZ 97]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 43090 [ex MCZ 24571] (4), UMMZ 86598 [ex MCZ 24571] (1), USNM 36598 [ex MCZ 24571] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:14 [ref. 20211]. Spelled barretti in table of plates (p. 58); apparently a lapsus, as it is stated that the species is named after J. P. Barratt. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:14 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854), but a valid subspecies -- (Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189], Collette 1962:173 [ref. 5865], Lee et al. 1980:650 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:421 [ref. 23393], Ross et al. 2001:469 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:599 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. [subspecies barratti]. Habitat: freshwater.

barrenense, Etheostoma Burr [B. M.] & Page [L. M.] in Page & Burr 1982:15, Fig. 1c [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 101; ref. 5462] Trammel Creek, tributary of Drakes Creek, 3 kilometers southwest of Halfway, Allen County, Kentucky, U.S.A., 36°48'N, 86°18'W. Holotype: IHHS 87491. Paratypes: INHS 87492 (12), KU 19110 (7), SIUC 1009 (9), UF 32483 (10), UT 91.2358 (6). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:278 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page 1982 -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:91 [ref. 38055], Page & Burr 1991:300 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:464 [ref. 22809], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:20 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:551 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma barrenense Burr & Page 1982. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

basilare, Etheostoma Page [L. M.], Hardman [M.] & Near [T. J.] 2003:522, Fig. 2B [Copeia 2003 (no. 3); ref. 27127] Duke creek, 9.6 kilometers south of Sheybogan, Rt. 53 bridge, Collins River-Canery Fork drainage, Cannon County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 90759. Paratypes: INHS 55616 (4); UAIC 10140.03 (4). All other paratypes are ex INHS 64776: AUM 34592 (2), SIUC 43056 (2), TU 193623 (2), UF 119607 (2), USNM 367644 (2). •Valid as Etheostoma basilare Page, Hardman & Near 2003 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:20 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:596 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Near & Thomas 2015:136 [ref. 34008], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma basilare Page, Hardman & Near 2003. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

beani, Poecilichthys Jordan [D. S.] 1884:479 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 451); ref. 10625] Tabo Creek, a tributary of Missouri River, near Lexington, Lafayette County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 35754. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:61 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bellator, Etheostoma Suttkus [R. D.] & Bailey [R. M.] 1993:18, Figs. 2-5, 9-10 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 29 (no. 1); ref. 20905] Murphy Creek along U.S. highway 31, 2.0 miles southwest of Blount Springs, Blount County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 162448. Paratypes: ANSP 169685 (2); CUMV 73645 (2); TU 62656 (73), 77091 (155), 89606 (89), 125438 (13), 151827 (175), 151837 (70), 162665 (2), 162671 (4), 163053 (21); UIAC 10507.01 (4); UF 92634 (4); UMMZ 88848-49 (1, 43), 168582 (2), 168592 (1), 177736 (30), 221367-68 (6, 4); USNM 36736 (8), 166003 (27), 166360 (32), 324502 (4); UT 91.4203 (4). •Valid as Etheostoma bellator Suttkus & Bailey 1993 -- (Mettee et al. 1996:587 [ref. 25836], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:509 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:21 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:559 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505], Mayden & Kuhajda 2025:368 [ref. 42042], Brownstein et al. 2025:6 [ref. 42098]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma bellator Suttkus & Bailey 1993. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Black Warrior River drainage, Alabama (U.S.A.) endemic. IUCN (2013): Vulnerable. Habitat: freshwater.

binotatum, Etheostoma hopkinsi Bailey [R. M.] & Richards [W. J.] 1963:10, Pl. 1 (B, C); Fig. 1 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 630; ref. 3964] Calhoun Creek, 7.6 miles east of Calhoun Falls on highway 72, Abbeville County, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 44157. Paratypes: CUMV 19600 + UMMZ 180075 (19). Paratypes or additional material: CUMV, UG, UMMZ, USNM 179063 [ex CUMV 19604] (4). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:29-30 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945) -- (Page 1983:140 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945), but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Savana River drainage, Georgia and South Carolina (U.S.A.) [binotatum subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater.

birminghamense, Etheostoma Brownstein [C. D.], Kim [D.], Wood [J. E.], Alley [Z. D.], Stokes [M. F.] & Near [T. J.] 2025:5, Fig. 2 [Biology Letters v. 21: 20240652; ref. 42098] Blue Creek at Johns Road, Jefferson County, Alabama, U.S.A., 33.3864°N, 87.0805°W. Holotype: YPM ICH 038290. Paratypes: UAIC, YPM. •Valid as Etheostoma birminghamense Brownstein, Kim, Wood, Alley, Stokes & Near 2025 -- (Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 37 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma birminghamense Brownstein, Kim, Wood, Alley, Stokes & Near 2025. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Valley Creek drainage, Black Warrior River basin, Alabama (U.S.A.). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

bison, Etheostoma Ceas [P. A.] & Page [L. M.] 1997:518, Fig. 1H [Copeia 1997 (no. 3); ref. 22902] North Fork Buffalo River, 5.6 kilometers north of Three Oaks at US 43, Lawrence County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 37506. Paratypes: INHS 27851 (8), 32416 (20), 58182 (4), 79311 (1); SIUC 25128 (5); TU 177765 (5); UAIC 5042.12 (12); UMMZ 231178 (3); USNM 3309905 (3); UT 91.4754 (5). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:278-279 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page 1997 -- (Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:21 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:579 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma bison Ceas & Page 1997. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

blennioides, Etheostoma Rafinesque [C. S.] 1819:419 [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88; ref. 3590] Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:13 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819 -- (Lee et al. 1980:628 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:72 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:68 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:319 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:411 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:143 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:294 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:116 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:468 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:830 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:294 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:218 [ref. 23394], Turner et al. 1996:2023 [ref. 25532], Mettee et al. 1996:589 [ref. 25836], Scott & Crossman 1998:777 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:378 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:459 [ref. 25978], Bailey et al. 2004:190 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:344 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:510 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:21, 22 [ref. 30399] with remarks, Page & Burr 2011:543 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: eastern half of U.S.A. and Ontario (Canada). Habitat: freshwater.

blennioperca, Etheostoma Cope [E. D.] 1868:215 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 6 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 909] Holston River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 14026. Paralectotypes: ANSP 14004 (1), 14006-08 (3), 14020-25 (6), 14027-34 (8). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:52-53 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:137 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1907:522 [ref. 1375] and confirmed by Collette & Knapp 1967:52 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:68 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

blennius, Etheostoma (Rhothoeca) Gilbert [C. H.] & Swain [J.] in Gilbert 1887:55 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] Cox's Creek, tributary of Tennessee River, near Florence, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 36187. Paratypes: CAS-SU 1955 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:23-24 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain 1887 -- (Lee et al. 1980:629 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:75 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:65 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:296 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:116 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:470 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:591 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:512 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:22 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:546 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and Alabama (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

borealis, Poecilichthys Jordan [D. S.] 1884:477 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 451); ref. 10625] Montreal, Canada. Lectotype: USNM 35747. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 5447 (1 of 3), USNM 197993 [ex USNM 35747] (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:61 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:61 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:325 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

boschungi, Etheostoma (Oligocephalus) Wall [B. R., Jr.] & Williams [J. D.] 1974:173, Fig. 1 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 18 (no. 4); ref. 7547] Lindsey Creek at junction of County roads 15 and 6, Lauderdale County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 79424. Paratypes: KU 14638 (8); TU 79425-27 (6, 6, 15); Univ. Alabama Ichthyol. coll. 3204 (11), 3210 (1), 3774 (6), 3961 (1); UF 16537 (2), 18424 (1), 66408 [ex FSU 16408] (3); UMMZ 197691 (3), 197692 [ex UAIC 3962] (2); USNM 206419-21 (1, 6, 2); MSU 809 [now atMMNS] (1); Univ. Alabama Ichthyol. coll. (2 lots, 16), UMMZ (2 lots, 4), Univ. Tulsa Mus. (2), UT (4 lots, 14). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:111 [ref. 21035], Bart & Taylor 1993:57-58 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams 1974 -- (Lee et al. 1980:630 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:125 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:117 [ref. 22189], Boschung & Nieland 1986:1 [ref. 11376], Page & Burr 1991:310 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:116 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:472 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:593 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:513 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:22 [ref. 30399], Mayden 2010:716 [ref. 31085], Page & Burr 2011:572 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma boschungi Wall & Williams 1974. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and Alabama (U.S.A.). IUCN (2013): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinnis, Boleosoma olmstedi var. Cope [E. D.] 1868:214 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 6 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 909] Kiskiminitas River, western Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 22653. Paralectotypes: (many) ANSP 22654-67 (14). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:18 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:137 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:18 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevirostrum, Etheostoma (Ulocentra) Suttkus [R. D.] & Etnier [D. A.] 1991:15, Fig. 2 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 28 (no. 1); ref. 20090] Shoal Creek at Pine Glen Recreation Area, Cleburne County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 158216. Paratypes: ANSP 167317 (2), AUM (6 lots, 15), CUMV 72360 (2), INHS 59306 (2), SIUC 18164 (2), TU (11 lots, 72), UAIC (5 lots, 9), UGAMNH 2168 (2), UMMZ 218252 (2), USNM 314353 (2), UT 91.3926 (2). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:58 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:279 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma brevirostrum Suttkus & Etnier 1991 -- (Boschung 1992:116 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:554 [ref. 22809], Bauer et al. 1995:11 [ref. 22529], Mettee et al. 1996:595 [ref. 25836], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:515 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:23 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:560 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma brevirostrum Suttkus & Etnier 1991. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Georgia, Alabama and southeastern Tennessee (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

brevispina, Richia Coker [R. E.] 1926:106, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 42 (Doc. 1004) (for 1926); ref. 5553] Paddys Creek, tributary of the Catawba River, just above head of Paddy's Creek Lake, Burke County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 87411. Paratypes: USNM 87412 (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:71 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819, but a valid subsepcies -- (Lee et al. 1980:647 [ref. 22416], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399] as brevispina). •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189]). •Valid as Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker 1926) -- (Blanton & Schuster 2008:851 [ref. 29948], Scharpf 2009:20 [ref. 30400], Page & Burr 2011:593 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma brevispinum (Coker 1926). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

burri, Etheostoma Ceas [P. A.] & Page [L. M.] 1997:514, Fig. 1E [Copeia 1997 (no. 3); ref. 22902] Mill Spring (Black River), northeastern edge of town of Mill Spring, Wayne County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 37503. Paratypes: INHS 27904 (26), SIUC 16040 (8), TU 177762 (5), UAIC 11345.01 (5), UMMZ 231175 (5), USNM 339902 (5), UT 91.4751 (5). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:279 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma burri Ceas & Page 1997 -- (Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:23 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:580 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma burri Ceas & Page 1997. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

butlerianus, Poecilichthys Hay [O. P.] 1882:61 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 2 (for 1882); ref. 2054] Shallow pool along Big Black River, near Vaughan's Station, Yazoo County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 32224. Paralectotypes: (1) Memphis, Tennessee. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:61 [ref. 20211] as holotype; technically a second specimen was included, so USNM 32224 was designated lectotype by Eschmeyer 1998:299 [ref. 23416]. •Synonym of Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859) -- (Collette 1962:133 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:154 [ref. 22189], Ross et al. 2001:470 [ref. 25978]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caerulea, Etheostoma Storer [D. H.] 1845:47 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18834] Fox River, Illinois, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MCZ 32949. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:24 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845 -- (Lee et al. 1980:631 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:131 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:133 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:321 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:412 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:143 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:313 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:116 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:473 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:871 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:296 [ref. 23376], Wood 1996:300 [ref. 22394], Mettee et al. 1996:597 [ref. 25836], Scott & Crossman 1998:780 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:379 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:45 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:460 [ref. 25978], Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Bailey et al. 2004:191 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:516 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:23 [ref. 30399] with remarks, Page & Burr 2011:576 [ref. 31215], Suttkus et al. 2012:18 [ref. 32288], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: eastern-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

camurum, Boleosoma Forbes [S. A.] in Jordan 1878:40 [Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 10444] Illinois River, [probably at Pekin, Tazewell County], Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 23455. Paralectotypes: MCZ 25053 (1), CAS-SU 1683 (1), UMMZ 187505 (1), USNM 27894 (now 1). Non-types: INHS. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Smith & Bridges 1960:254 [ref. 21197], Collette & Knapp 1967:14 [ref. 20211], Sabaj et al. 1997:289-290 [ref. 23225]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 171, p. 3269 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Etheostoma by Poecilichthys camurus Cope 1870. •Synonym of Etheostoma chlorosoma (Hay 1881) -- (Page 1983:92 [ref. 22189], Mettee et al. 1996:599 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:464 [ref. 25978]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma chlorosoma (Hay 1881). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: RF 9/21. Habitat: freshwater.

cervus, Etheostoma Powers [S. L.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2003:577, Fig. 2 (bottom) [Copeia 2003 (no. 3); ref. 27129] Clarks Creek, 8 kilometers northeast of Henderson at Holly Springs Road, Chester County, Tennessee, U.S.A., 35°29.891'N, 88°35.238'W. Holotype: UAIC 13201. Paratypes: INHS 39394 (5), UAIC 13205.07 (7), UMMZ 168524 (28). Unfortuately, the authors segregate some specimens as "paratotypes" -- a term not included in the code. It is clear from the text that they meant them to be paratypes. •Valid as Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Powers & Warren 2009:523 [ref. 30383], Scharpf 2008:23 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:556 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Kozal et al. 2017:280 [ref. 35621], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma cervus Powers & Mayden 2003. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: western Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

chermocki, Etheostoma Boschung [H. T.], Mayden [R. L.] & Tomelleri [J. R.] 1992:12, Figs. 1 (A-B) [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 13; ref. 20301] Turkey Creek, tributary to Locus Fork of Black Warrior River drainage, Jefferson County, Alabama, U.S.A., elevation 600 feet. Holotype: UAIC [= ALA] 10288.02. Paratypes: CUMV 42112 (10); SIUC 20116 (2); UAIC [= ALA] 1400.04 (10), 1402.02 (6), 1905.09 (1), 3245.02 (1), 10288.03-04 (1, 6), 10441.01 (5, 2 c&s), 10442.01-10446.01 (3, 1, 1, 7, 15); UF 44006 (8); UMMZ 220470 (2); USNM 319766 (2); UT 91.4159 (2). •Valid as Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992 -- (Suttkus & Bailey 1993:1 [ref. 20905], Mettee et al. 1996:601 [ref. 25836], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:519 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:23 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:559 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505], Mayden & Kuhajda 2025:367 [ref. 42042], Brownstein et al. 2025:6 [ref. 42098]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma chermocki Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri 1992. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Locus Fork drainage, Alabama (U.S.A.) endemic. IUCN (2013): Critically Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

chienense, Etheostoma Page [L. M.] & Ceas [P. A.] in Page et al. 1992:627, Fig. 1G, 2G [Copeia 1992 (no. 3); ref. 19865] Jackson Creek, 2.6 kilometers northeast of Water Valley on Roy Lawrence Drive, Graves County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 58454. Paratypes: INHS 58221 (33), SIUC 18067 (5), UAIC 9998.01 (5), UMMZ 217893 [ex INHS 63920] (5), USNM 313758 (5), UT 91.3849 (5), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:279 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma chienense Page & Ceas 1992 -- (Warren et al. 1994 [ref. 21903], Ceas & Burr 2002:214 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:132 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:23 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:590 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32708], Wood et al. 2023:29 [ref. 40115], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma chienense Page & Ceas 1992. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Bayou de Chien drainage, Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

chlorosoma, Vaillantia Hay [O. P.] 1881:495 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Small tributary of Tuscumbia River at Corinth; Sandy Creek at Artesia; Horsehunter Creek at Macon, Mississippi, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS-SU 726 (3, not found in 1995) Macon, ?UMMZ 150168 (1), 151818 (1), 155102 (2), 155180 (1); USNM 27428 (disintegrated and dry) Corinth. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:72 [ref. 20211]. It is discussed in Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807] that the name chlorosoma is a noun. •Valid as Etheostoma chlorosomum (Hay 1881) -- (Lee et al. 1980:634 [ref. 22416], Warren Jr. & Cicerello 1982:3 [ref. 40469], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:108 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:92 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:414 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:292 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:117 [ref. 23239], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Cross & Collins 1995:220 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:603 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:463 [ref. 25978], Miller & Robison 2004:346 [ref. 27931]). •Valid as Etheostoma chlorosoma (Hay 1881) -- (Etnier & Starnes 1993:479 [ref. 22809], Lyons et al. 2000:45 [ref. 26594], Boschung & Mayden 2004:520 [ref. 27995], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:23 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:540 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma chlorosoma (Hay 1881). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

clinton, Etheostoma Mayden [R. L.] & Layman [S. R.] In Layman & Mayden 2012:32, Fig. 3, 18 [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bull. 30; ref. 32285] Caddo River at Arkansas Hwy 182, 3.2 km north of Amity, Clark County, Arkansas, USA. Holotype: UAIC 10302.09. Paratypes: NLU, UAIC, UMMZ, USNM, UT. •Valid as Etheostoma clinton Mayden & Layman 2012 -- (Robison & McAllister 2015:80 [ref. 40436], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma clinton Mayden & Layman 2012. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Arkansas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

collettei, Etheostoma (Oligocephalus) Birdsong [R. S.] & Knapp [L. W.] 1969:106, Fig. 1 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 7798] Dugdemona River, Jackson Parish, Louisiana, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 201515. Paratypes: CUMV 42248 (71), 52108 (7); UF 64676-78 [ex FSU 14676-78] (23, 8, 7); TU uncat. (10, lost), 52876 (5); NLU 6317 [or 6717] (20); UMMZ 113734 (20), 123229 (2); USNM 165915 (52), 165953 (9), 172538 (4), 172913 (14), 201516-17 (38, 2); Univ. Ala. 2575 (17). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:126 [ref. 20861], Bart & Taylor 1993:58 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969 -- (Lee et al. 1980:636 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:132 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:132 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:415 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:315 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:348 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:583 [ref. 31215], Suttkus et al. 2012:18 [ref. 32288], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma collettei Birdsong & Knapp 1969. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Arkansas and Louisiana and Oklahoma (southern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

collis, Hololepis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:52, Pls. 1 (fig. 7), 2 (fig. 4) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Creek near York, York County, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 94560. Paratypes: UMMZ 94546 (1), 107085 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:49 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Collette 1962:200 [ref. 5865], Lee et al. 1980:637 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:156 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:157 [ref. 22189], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:382 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:325 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:886 [ref. 21581], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:601[ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

colorosum, Etheostoma Suttkus [R. D.] & Bailey [R. M.] 1993:2, Figs. 1, 8 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 29 (no. 1); ref. 20905] Pine Barren Creek, tributary to Escambia River at Still Road, Escambia County, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 162508. Paratypes: ANSP 169684 (2); AUM 26759 (1); CUMV 73644 (2); TU 151947 (24), 152006 (32), 154470 (19), 157537 (18), 162509 (42); UF 92633 (4); UIAC 10506.01 (4); UT 91.4202 (4); UMMZ 221365 (5), 221366 (4); USNM 324501 (2). •Valid as Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey 1993 -- (Suttkus et al. 1994:97 [ref. 21393], Mettee et al. 1996:609 [ref. 25836], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:523 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:556 [ref. 31215], Robins et al. 2018:313 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505], Mayden & Kuhajda 2025:370 [ref. 42042]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma colorosum Suttkus & Bailey 1993. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Gulf Coast drainage, Alabama and Florida (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

coosae, Poecilichthys Fowler [H. W.] 1945:356, Figs. 226-228 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 7; ref. 1453] Small creek 1/4 mile northeast of Chesterfield, Coosa River drainage, Cherokee County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 71189. Paratypes: ANSP 71190-91 (2), 71192-95 (4), 71196 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:62 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Etheostoma coosae (Fowler 1945) -- (Lee et al. 1980:638 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:92 [ref. 38055]. Page 1983:77 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:303 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:117 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:482 [ref. 22809], Bauer et al. 1995:11 [ref. 22529], Mettee et al. 1996:611 [ref. 25836], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:524 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:560 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma coosae (Fowler 1945). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Coosa River drainage, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

corona, Etheostoma Page [L. M.] & Ceas [P. A.] in Page et al. 1992:631, Fig. 1D, 2C [Copeia 1992 (no. 3); ref. 19865] Little Cypress Creek, Tennessee River drainage, 2.4 kilometers northwest of Crossroads, Wayne County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 64073. Paratypes: INHS 62819 (24), SIUC 18066 (3), UAIC 4848.11 (31), UMMZ 217889 (3), USNM 313754 (3), UT 91.3848 (3), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:280 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas 1992 -- (Boschung 1992:117 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:557 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:613 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:525 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:589 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Wood et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40115], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma corona Page & Ceas 1992. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and Alabama (U.S.A.). IUCN (2014): Near Threatened. Habitat: freshwater.

cragini, Etheostoma Gilbert [C. H.] 1885:99 [Bulletin of the Washburn Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 20646] Small brook leading from the "Lake" at Garden City to the Arkansas River, Finney County, Kansas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 38320. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 2141 (3); UMMZ 178977 (10); USNM 125109 [ex BF 309] (1), 197994 [ex USNM 38320] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:25 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:25 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885 -- (Lee et al. 1980:639 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:125 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:118 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:417 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:310 [ref. 18983], Cross & Collins 1995:221 [ref. 23394], Fuller et al. 1999:379 [ref. 25838], Ceas & Burr 2002:214 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:350 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Mayden 2010:716 [ref. 31085] as craigini, Page & Burr 2011:572 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

crossopterum, Etheostoma Braasch [M. E.] & Mayden [R. L.] 1985:15, Figs. 2d, 3d, 8, 10 (top) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 119; ref. 6874] McKnight Branch, 8 kilometers north of Readyville, Rutherford County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 20896. Paratypes: INHS 74918 (26); KU 20897 (5); SIUC 9782 (4); TU 139109 (2); UAIC [= ALA] 7713.01 (2); UMMZ 174481 (11), 177570 (27); USNM 266733 (4); UT 91.822 (3), 91.838 (4); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:59 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:280 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden 1985 -- (Page & Burr 1991:318 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:117 [ref. 23239], Page et al. 1992:635 [ref. 19865], Etnier & Starnes 1993:483 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:615 [ref. 25836], Poly & Wilson 1998:6 [ref. 26025], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:526 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:588 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma crossopterum Braasch & Mayden 1985. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America.: Tennessee and neighboring states (eastern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

cumberlandicum, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] & Swain [J.] 1883:251 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 6 (no. 378); ref. 10648] Wolf Creek, tributary of Clear Fork, Cumberland River, near Pleasant View, Whitley County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36502. Paralectotypes: USNM 197992 [ex USNM 36502] (4). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:25 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:25 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam 1863) -- (Page 1983:149 [ref. 22189]). •Valid as Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan & Swain 1883 -- (Near et al. 2023:214 [ref. 40317], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 37 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan & Swain 1883. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Cumberland River system, Kentucky (U. S. A.). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanoprosopum, Etheostoma Near [T. J.] & Kozal [L. C.] in Kozal, Simmons, Mollish, MacGuigan, Benavides, Keck & Near 2017:272, Figs. 3A-C [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 35621] Hubbard Creek at Kinlock Road (FR 210), approximately 11 km north of Rabbittown, Lawrence County, Alabama, USA, latitude 34.3074, longitude -87.5034. Holotype: YPM ICH 020211, YFTC 012274. Paratypes: AUM, YPM. •Valid as Etheostoma cyanoprosopum Near & Kozal 2017 -- (Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma cyanoprosopum Near & Kozal 2017. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upland streams on the Cumberland Plateau, upper Bear Creek and Hubbard Creek systems, Alabama (U.S.A.). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanorum, Poecilichthys radiosus Moore [G. A.] & Rigney [C. C.] 1952:10, Pl. 1 (figs. 3-4) [Copeia 1952 (no. 1); ref. 12791] Blue River, tributary of Red River, on U.S. highway 99, Johnston County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 161366. Paratypes: MCZ 37204 (11); Oklahoma Agric. & Mechan. College 2913 (orig. 96); TU 10564 [ex OAM 2913] (9); UMMZ 161367 (77); UOMZ 26154-55 (82, 15); USNM 153532 (48 or 49). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:65 [ref. 20211], Bart & Taylor 1993:60 [ref. 20906], Matthews & Turner 2019:211 [ref. 36735]. •Synonym of Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941) -- (Page 1983:125 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941) but a valid subspecies -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:143 [ref. 38055], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:576 [ref. 31215]). •Valid as Etheostoma cyanorum (Moore & Rigney 1952) -- (Matthews & Turner 2019:211 [ref. 36735], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma cyanorum (Moore & Rigney 1952). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Blue River, Oklahoma (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

cymatogramma, Etheostoma Abbott [C. C.] 1860:327 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 12; ref. 15620] No locality. Holotype (unique): ANSP 14009. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:59 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:68 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

davisoni, Etheostoma (Ulocentra) Hay [O. P.] 1885:554 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (no. 537); ref. 14451] Yellow River near Chaffin, Santa Rosa County, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 37365. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:26 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885 -- (Lee et al. 1980:640 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:109 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:93 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:293 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:117 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:617 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:528 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:540 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:315 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma davisoni Hay 1885. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Gulf Coast streams (Alabama and Florida, U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

derivativum, Etheostoma Page [L. M.], Hardman [M.] & Near [T. J.] 2003:526, Fig. 2C [Copeia 2003 (no. 3); ref. 27127] McCory Creek, 1.6 kilometers southeast of Rudderville on EuDailey-Covington Road, Harpeth River drainage, Williamson County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 90760. Paratypes: INHS 91975 (3). All other paratypes are ex. INHS 91975: AUM 29022 (2), SIUC 43055 (2), UAIC 3775.16 (9), UF 119606 (2), USNM 367643 (3). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Etheostoma derivativum Page, Hardman & Near 2003 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:24 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:597 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Near & Thomas 2015:136 [ref. 34008], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma derivativum Page, Hardman & Near 2003. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

ditrema, Etheostoma (Oligocephalus) Ramsey [J. S.] & Suttkus [R. D.] 1965:66, Figs. 1-3 [Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 9052] Tributary to Mills Creek, tributary to Chattooga River, 4.3 airline miles west of Lyerly, Chattooga County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 35703. Paratypes: ANSP 20649 (1), 101231 [ex TU 32981] (5), 101231 (5); CUMV 47872 [ex TU 32981] (5); MCZ 43123 [ex TU 32981] (5); CAS-SU 62401 [ex TU 32981] (5); TU 26086 (8), 27566 (9), 29153 [ex TU 35703] (21), 32762 (34), 32981 (43 minus 35); UMMZ 187501 [ex TU 32981] (5); USNM 198607 [ex TU 32981] (5). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:126 [ref. 20861], Collette & Knapp 1967:27 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621], Bart & Taylor 1993:59 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 2009:160 [ref. 30728]. •Valid as Etheostoma ditrema Ramsey & Suttkus 1965 -- (Lee et al. 1980:641 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:128 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:316 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:485 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:619 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:529 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:584 [ref. 31215], Suttkus et al. 2012:18 [ref. 32288], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma ditrema Ramsey & Suttkus 1965. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

duryi, Etheostoma Henshall [J. A.] 1889:32 [Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History v. 12; ref. 18278] Small tributary of Tennessee River at Whiteside, Tennessee, U.S.A. Syntypes: Mus. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. (3, whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:27 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889 -- (Lee et al. 1980:642 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:92 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:77 [ref. 22189], Etnier & Bailey 1989:7 [ref. 20134], Page & Burr 1991:300 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:486 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:623 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:464 [ref. 25978], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:531 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:554 [ref. 31215]. Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma duryi Henshall 1889. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee River drainage, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

edwini, Villora Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:13, Pls. 1-2 [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Santa Fe River at Poe Springs, Alachua-Columbia County line, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 87892. Paratypes: MCZ 98 (1, not found); ?UF 2674 (2); UMMZ 88685 (1), 101680 (2), 107047 (3): USNM 94684 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:73 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Collette & Yerger 1962:215 [ref. 21093], Lee et al. 1980:643 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:123 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:116 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:326 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:625 [ref. 25836], Fuller et al. 1999:380 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:532 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:602 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Robins et al. 2018:317 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs & Cannon 1935). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Gulf Coast streams, Georgia, Florida and Alabama (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

effulgens, Arlina Girard [C. F.] 1859:65 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1821] Rock Creek, tributary of Potomac River, Washington D.C., U.S.A. Holotype or syntype: USNM 1253 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:12 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Boleichthys Girard [C. F.] 1859:104 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Piedrapainte, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24567 [ex MCZ 84] (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:12 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Nanostoma Hay [O. P.] 1881:493 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Shallow rocky branch of Chickasawha River at Enterprise, Clarke County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 27445. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 627 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:54 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1075 [ref. 2443]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Etheostoma by Boleichthys elegans Girard 1859. •Synonym of Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868) -- (Page 1983:73 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma lynceum Hay 1885 -- (Ross et al. 2001:476 [ref. 25978]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma lynceum Hay 1885. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

eos, Boleichthys Jordan [D. S.] in Nelson 1876:34 [Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 3154] Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 17848 (9), 20117 (1, poor condition), 23460 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:13 [ref. 20211]. Appeared in more detail as Boleichthys eos Jordan and Copeland in Jordan 1877:46 [ref. 2372]. •Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:325 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

erizonus, Poecilichthys euzonus Hubbs [C. L.] & Black [J. D.] 1940:8, 17, Pl. l (fig. 2) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 416; ref. 10848] Current River, at "the Nook," Ripley County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 124597. Paratypes: UMMZ 124595-96 (8, 2), 124598-99 (5, 2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:62 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940) -- (Page 1983:61 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:76 [ref. 38055], Robison & Buchanan 1988:419 [ref. 23393], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:549 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri and Arkansas (U.S.A.) [subspecies erizonum]. Habitat: freshwater.

erochrous, Hololepis Cope [E. D.] 1864:233 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 906] Brown's Mills, Rancocas Creek, Burlington County, New Jersey, U.S.A. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-4669. Paralectotypes: ANSP 22630-32 (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:49 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621], Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:80 [ref. 12478]. Originally as erochroüs. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:49 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:151 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

erythrogastrum, Poecilosoma Kirtland [J. P.] 1854:4 [Annals of Science (Cleveland, Ohio) v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 18415] Rocky River, 7 miles west of Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 65 [ex USNM 1815] (?). Also appeared as new in Kirtland 1854:15 [ref. 36677]. •Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845 -- (Page 1983:133 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

erythrozonum, Etheostoma Switzer [J. F.] & Wood [R. M.] 2009:2, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 2095; ref. 30415] Huzzah Creek at the Reis Biological Station, 6.2 kilometers upstream from the Route 8 bridge, 37°56.871'N, 91°10.676'W, Crawford County Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 391646. Paratypes: JFBM 45691 (3), 45692 (6); UAIC 1526701 (7); USNM 391647 (3). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Etheostoma erythrozonum Switzer & Wood 2009 -- (Page & Burr 2011:549 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma erythrozonum Switzer & Wood 2009. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Meramec River drainage, Missouri (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

etnieri, Etheostoma Bouchard [R. W.] 1977:107, Fig. 1 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 19 (no. 3-4); ref. 7410] Cherry Creek at Tennessee highway 84, tributary to Calfkiller River, Caney Fork River system, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 83147. Paratypes: AUM 3218 (3), 3234 (11); CUMV 53474 (39); TU 30316 (2), 33451 (1), 33479 (5), 83148 (1, 11, 81); USNM 214172 (56); UF 19527 (22); UMMZ 200202-03 (22, 18); UT 91.48 (1), 91.109 (5), 91.211 (14), 91.645 (1), 91.672 (9), 91.676-677 (9, 14); plus originally uncat. (96 in 7 lots). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:59 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Etheostoma etnieri Bouchard 1977 -- (Lee et al. 1980:644 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:93 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:77 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:301 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:488 [ref. 22809], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:555 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma etnieri Bouchard 1977. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Caney Fork River system, Tennessee (U.S.A.) Habitat: freshwater.

eulepis, Boleosoma nigrum Hubbs [C. L.] & Greene [C. W.] 1935:96, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-3) [Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences Arts and Letters v. 29; ref. 11678] A tributary of West Branch Rock River, 2 miles north of Atwater, Dodge County, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 77225. Paratypes: UMMZ (1265); UW; USNM 74927 (2), 117505 (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:16-18 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

euzonus, Poecilichthys Hubbs [C. L.] & Black [J. D.] 1940:8, 16, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 416; ref. 10848] Buffalo River, 4 miles southeast of St. Joe, Searcy County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 123548. Paratypes: UMMZ 123391 (2), 123504 (1), 124594 (4); USNM 117587 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:62 [ref. 20211]. Main description is under the subspecies P. e. euzonus; a second subspecies described at the same time. •Valid as Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940) -- (Lee et al. 1980:645 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:76 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:61 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:418 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:298 [ref. 18983], Switzer & Wood 2002:450 [ref. 26023], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:549 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma euzonum (Hubbs & Black 1940). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri and Arkansas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

exilis, Boleichthys Girard [C. F.] 1859:103 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Little Muddy River, a tributary of upper Missouri River, North Dakota, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24728 [ex USNM 1336 and MCZ 114] (6), SMNS 12135 [ex USNM and MCZ] (1), UMMZ 86492 (1), USNM 1336 (24). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:13 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Lee et al. 1980:646 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:133 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:324 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:143 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:325 [ref. 18983], Baxter & Stone 1995:244 [ref. 23374], Chereshnev 1996:606 [ref. 24659], Scott & Crossman 1998:783 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:381 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:45 [ref. 26594], Bailey et al. 2004:192 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:601 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Hudson Bay and much of Canada, Greast Lakes region, and south to Ohio, Illinois and Colorado (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Catonotus Girard [C. F.] 1859:68 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1821] Grass River near Madrid, New York, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1345. Paralectotypes: MCZ 26452 + 24656 [ex USNM and MCZ 221 and 222] (now 6); USNM 1393 (4), 197997 [ex USNM 1345] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:20 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:20 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:326 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Diplesion Girard [C. F.] 1859:101 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Chihuahua River, Mexico. Lectotype: MCZ 24625 [ex USNM 743 and MCZ 87]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 43092 [ex MCZ 24625] (now 2), UMMZ 86349 [ex MCZ 24625] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:22 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:22 [ref. 20211]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Etheostoma by Catonotus fasciatus Girard 1859, replaced by Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889. •Synonym of Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889 -- (Fricke et al. 2024:543 [ref. 41622]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

faulkneri, Etheostoma Sterling [K. A.] & Warren [M. L., Jr.] 2020:13, Figs. 4A, 4C [PeerJ 2020; ref. 37736] Morris Creek, tributary to the Yocona River (Upper Yazoo River system) at County Road 321, 9.28 km south of the Lafayette County courthouse in Oxford, Lafayette County, Mississippi, U.S.A., 34.283, -89.544. Holotype: USNM 439004. Paratypes: MMNS, TU, USNM. •Valid as Etheostoma faulkneri Sterling & Warren 2020 -- (Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma faulkneri Sterling & Warren 2020. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Yazoo River basin, north-central Mississippi (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

flabellaris, Etheostoma Rafinesque [C. S.] 1819:419 [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88; ref. 3590] U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:27 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819 -- (Lee et al. 1980:647 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:147 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:325 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:419 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:143 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:320 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:489 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:873 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:299 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:223 [ref. 23394], Wood 1996:300 [ref. 22394], Mettee et al. 1996:629 [ref. 25836], Scott & Crossman 1998:787 [ref. 24570], Poly & Wilson 1998:6 [ref. 26025], Lyons et al. 2000:45 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:465 [ref. 25978], Ceas & Burr 2002:215 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:352 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:533 [ref. 27995], Blanton & Schuster 2008:844 [ref. 29948], Page & Burr 2011:592 [ref. 31215] with 3 subspecies (one unnamed), Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819, subspecies flabellare -- (Bailey et al. 2004:193 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399] with remarks, Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

flabellata, Etheostoma Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:56 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 7305] Ohio River at falls, U.S.A. No types known. Described as belonging to subgenus Aplesion, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:36 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

flavum, Etheostoma (Ulocentra) Etnier [D. A.] & Bailey [R. M.] 1989:3, Fig. [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 717; ref. 20134] Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 213929. Paratypes: AMNH 55781 (10); INHS 68219 (23); NLU 56292 (3); TU 30312 (66), 139774 (15); UF 42177 (11); UMMZ (84 lots); USNM 270859 (35). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:59 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:280 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey 1989 -- (Page & Burr 1991:301 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:492 [ref. 22809], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:555 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma flavum Etnier & Bailey 1989. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

fonticola, Alvarius Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1886:23 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 549) (for 14 Aug. 1886); ref. 10626] San Marcos River at San Marcos, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36523. Paralectotypes: USNM 198004 [ex USNM 36523] (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:10 [ref. 20211]. Also appeared as new in Gilbert 1887:63 [ref. 17814] as Etheostoma (Alvarius) fonticola. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 177, p. 3271 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. A lectotype also designated by Collette & Knapp 1967:10 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert 1886) -- (Lee et al. 1980:648 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:161 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:158 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:323 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:598 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma fonticola (Jordan & Gilbert 1886). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Texas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

fontinalis, Etheostoma Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:85 [Ichthyologia Ohiensis; ref. 3592] Near Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:27 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

forbesi, Etheostoma Page [L. M.] & Ceas [P. A.] in Page et al. 1992:633, Fig. 1C, 2D [Copeia 1992 (no. 3); ref. 19865] Duke Creek, 3.2 kilometers southeast of Hollow Springs, Cannon County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 58632. Paratypes: INHS 58359 (1), UMMZ 217892 (3), USNM 313756 (3), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:280 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma forbesi Page & Ceas 1992 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:588 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Wood et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40115], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma forbesi Page & Ceas 1992. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

formosa, Etheostoma Henshall [J. A.] 1889:32 [Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History v. 12; ref. 18278] Small tributary of Tennessee River at Whiteside, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHSC (lost). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:27 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845 -- (Page 1983:133 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Tennessee, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

fragi, Etheostoma spectabile Distler [D. A.] 1968:162, Pl. (fig. E) [Kansas University Science Bulletin v. 48 (no. 5); ref. 17402] Spring Creek, tributary of Big Creek, Sharp County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 7481. Paratypes: KU 7482 and 7483 (145); UMMZ 188902 [ex KU] (10); USNM 204129 [ex KU 7483] (10). •Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lee et al. 1980:695 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:439 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Etheostoma fragi Distler 1968 -- (Ceas & Page 1997:512 [ref. 22902], Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:580 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma fragi Distler 1968. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Arkansas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

fricksia, Etheostoma Hildebrand [S. F.] 1923:7, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 39 (Doc. 940) (for 1923-24); ref. 15449] Small creek on Sanitary Dairy Farm near Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 82633. Paratypes: USNM 92818 (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:27-28 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand 1923 -- (Anderson 1964:243 [ref. 41118], Lee et al. 1980:649 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:134 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:112 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:309 [ref. 18983], Layman 1993:959 [ref. 22439], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:570 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma fricksium Hildebrand 1923. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: South Carolina and Georgia (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

fusiforme, Boleosoma Girard [C. F.] 1854:41 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 5 (1854-1856); ref. 18029] Tributary of Charles River at Framingham, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1188. Paralectotypes: MCZ 24589 [ex USNM 1188] (4), UMMZ 86582 [ex MCZ 24589] (1), USNM 94686 (25). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:14 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Hubbs & Cannon 1935:78 [ref. 2255]. •Valid as Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:151 [ref. 5865], Lee et al. 1980:650 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:157 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:155 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:328 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:421 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:324 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:493 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:884 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:631 [ref. 25836], Fuller et al. 1999:381 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:467 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:354 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:535 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:597 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:319 [ref. 35886] with 2 subspecies, Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: eastern and central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

gore, Etheostoma Layman [S. R.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2012:23, Fig. 3, 10 [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bull. 30; ref. 32285] Turnbull Creek 0.8 km west Kingston Springs on county road, Cheatham County, Tennessee, USA. Holotype: UAIC 10707.02. Paratypes: CUNV, INHS, SIUC, UAIC, UMMZ, USNM, UT. •Valid as Etheostoma gore Layman & Mayden 2012 -- (Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma gore Layman & Mayden 2012. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

gracile, Boleosoma Girard [C. F.] 1859:103 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Rio Seco near Fort Inge, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1328. Paralectotypes: MCZ 113 [ex USNM 1328] (1), USNM 1329 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:15 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Hubbs & Cannon 1935:44 [ref. 2255]. •Valid as Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859) -- (Collette 1962:133 [ref. 5865], Lee et al. 1980:651 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:158 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:154 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:422 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:324 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:495 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Cross & Collins 1995:224 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:633 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:469 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:354 [ref. 27931], Miller & Robison 2004:356 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

grahami, Oligocephalus Girard [C. F.] 1859:102 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Devil's River, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MCZ 24576 [ex USNM 1182 and MCZ 85]. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:56 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859) -- (Lee et al. 1980:652 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:135 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:144 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:312 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:64 [ref. 22290], Norris & Minckley 1997:174 [ref. 23278], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Miller et al. 2006:336 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:584 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:544 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma grahami (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Rio Grande/Río Bravo system of southern Texas (U.S.A.) and Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas (northern Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

gurleyense, Etheostoma Brownstein [C. D.], Kim [D.], Wood [J. E.], Alley [Z. D.], Stokes [M. F.] & Near [T. J.] 2025:3, Fig. 2 [Biology Letters v. 21: 20240652; ref. 42098] Gurley Creek at Remlap Drive, Blount County, Alabama, U.S.A., 33.7694°N, 86.6331°W. Holotype: YPM ICH 038288. Paratypes: UAIC, YPM. •Valid as Etheostoma gurleyense Brownstein, Kim, Wood, Alley, Stokes & Near 2025 -- (Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 37 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma gurleyense Brownstein, Kim, Wood, Alley, Stokes & Near 2025. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Gurley Creek, Blount County, Alabama (U.S.A.) endemic. IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

gutselli, Poecilichthys Hildebrand [S. F.] 1932:78, Pl. 3 [Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society v. 48 (no. 1); ref. 16374] Tuckasegee River at Ela, Swain County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 92402. Paratypes: USNM 92580 (1), 197411 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:62-63 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819, but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:628 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:69 [ref. 22189], Stauffer et al. 1995:295 [ref. 23376], Ross et al. 2001:460 [ref. 25978]). •Valid as Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand 1932) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:544 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Piller & Bart 2017:569 [ref. 35619], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma gutselli (Hildebrand 1932). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and North Carolina (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

hildebrandti, Etheostoma Evermann [B. W.] & Clark [H. W.] 1910:87, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 23; ref. 9560] Fletcher Lake, about 40°55'30"N, 86°18'16"W, Fulton County, Indiana, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 64616. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:28 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

histrio, Etheostoma (Ulocentra) Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] in Gilbert 1887:47 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] West of Hackett City (Arkansas), Poteau River, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36386. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 569 (1), 2682 (2); USNM 36409 (4), 36448 (3), 188972 [ex USNM 36386] (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:29 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:29 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887 -- (Lee et al. 1980:653 [ref. 22416], Warren Jr. & Cicerello 1982:3 [ref. 40469], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:77 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:72 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:423 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:295 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:496 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Burr et al. 1996:169 [ref. 41506], Mettee et al. 1996:635 [ref. 25836], Steinberg et al. 2000:141 [ref. 24469], Ross et al. 2001:471 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:133 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:358 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:537 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:545 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Robins et al. 2018:320 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: central and southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

hopkinsi, Poecilichthys Fowler [H. W.] 1945:249, Figs. 205-206 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 7; ref. 1453] Osewitchee Springs, 14 miles north of Fitzgerald, Wilcox County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 71548. Paratypes: ANSP 71567-69 (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:63 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945) -- (Lee et al. 1980:654 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:136 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:140 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:316 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:585 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler 1945). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Georgia and South Carolina (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

humeralis, Oligocephalus Girard [C. F.] 1859:67 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1821] James River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1203. Paralectotypes: MCZ 24634 [ex USNM 1203], 35975 [ex USNM 1203 and MCZ 16] (2); USNM 198001 [ex USNM 1203] (45). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:56 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:56 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819, but a valid subspecies humerale (Girard 1839) -- (Scharpf 2008:25 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:592 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Atlantic drainages, U.S.A. [subspecies humeralis]. Habitat: freshwater.

inscriptus, Nothonotus Jordan [D. S.] & Brayton [A. W.] 1878:34 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 12; ref. 2436] Upper waters of Oconee River at Sulphur Springs, Hall County, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 31145. Paralectotypes: USNM 197439 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:55 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:55 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878) -- (Lee et al. 1980:655 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:78 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:65 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:296 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:546 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma inscriptum (Jordan & Brayton 1878). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

insulae, Hololepis fusiformis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:83, Pl. 1 (fig. 15) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Gibbs Pond, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype: MCZ 28274. Paratypes: MCZ 42078 [ex MCZ 28274] (8), UMMZ 86601 (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:50 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:151 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

iowae, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] & Meek [S. E.] 1885:10 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (no. 470); ref. 10637] Chariton River at Chariton, Iowa, U.S.A. Lectotype: CAS-SU 1457. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 62430 [ex CAS-SU 1457] (1), plus 1 missing. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:30 [ref. 20211]. Misspelled ioae by Boulenger 1895:72 [ref. 537]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:30 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:325 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

jessiae, Poecilichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Brayton [A. W.] in Jordan 1878:227 [Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States (second edition); ref. 2376] Chickamauga River at Ringgold, Georgia, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:63 [ref. 20211]. Also appeared in Jordan & Brayton 1878:59 [ref. 2436]. Syntype figured in Collette & Knapp 1967:64, Fig. 4 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton 1878) -- (Lee et al. 1980:656 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:100 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:80 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:294 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:118 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:637 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:538 [ref. 27995], Layman & Mayden 2009:166 [ref. 30060], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:542 [ref. 31215], Layman & Mayden 2012:13 [ref. 32285], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma jessiae (Jordan & Brayton 1878). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: southern Virginia to northeastern Mississippi (southeastern U.S.A.) Habitat: freshwater.

jimmycarter, Etheostoma Layman [S. R.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2012:26, Fig. 3, 14 [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bull. 30; ref. 32285] Trammel Fork at Old State Road, 1.6 km north-northeast of Red Hill, Allen County, Kentucky, USA. Holotype: UAIC 10708.01. Paratypes: INHS, NLU, SIUC, TU, UAIC, UF, UMMZ, UT, USNM. •Valid as Etheostoma jimmycarter Layman & Mayden 2012 -- (Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma jimmycarter Layman & Mayden 2012. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

kanawhae, Poecilichthys Raney [E. C.] 1941:6, Pl. 1 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 434; ref. 13033] North Fork of New River on rt. 16 at Crumpler, Ashe County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 131837. Paratypes: CUMV 7663 (13), 7688 (5), 7693 (3); UMMZ 95371 (2), 131834-36 (2, 2, 2), 131838 (7); USNM 107679 (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:63-64 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Poecilichthys kanawhae Raney 1941 -- (Lee et al. 1980:659 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:63 [ref. 22189]). •Valid as Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney 1941) -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:79 [ref. 38055], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:824 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:301 [ref. 23376], Switzer & Wood 2002:450 [ref. 26023], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:547 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma kanawhae (Raney 1941). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: New River drainage, Virginia and North Carolina (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

kantuckeense, Etheostoma Ceas [P. A.] & Page [L. M.] 1997:517, Fig. 1G [Copeia 1997 (no. 3); ref. 22902] Sharps Branch, West Fork Drakes Creek, 4 kilometers south of Franklin at County Road 1522, Simpson County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 37505. Paratypes: INHS 32395 (15), SIUC 25127 (5), TU 177764 (5), UAIC 11347.01 (5), UMMZ 231177 (5), USNM 339904 (5), UT 91.4753 (5). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:281 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page 1997 -- (Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:579 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:199 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma kantuckeense Ceas & Page 1997. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Barren River system, Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

kennicotti, Catonotus Putnam [F. W.] 1863:3 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 3567] A rocky brook, Union County, Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 24665. Paralectotypes: MCZ 24665 [ex USNM 1811 and MCZ 37] (3); UMMZ 86347 [ex MCZ 24665, not 24658] (1); USNM 154784 [ex Wesleyan Univ.] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:20 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype as USNM 1365 selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:20 [ref. 20211] shown to be invalid by Smith & Page 1975:777 [ref. 21526]; Smith & Page designate MCZ 24665 (male) as lectotype. •Valid as Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam 1863) -- (Lee et al. 1980:660 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:149 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:149 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:320 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:119 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:498 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:641 [ref. 25836], Poly & Wilson 1998:6 [ref. 26025], Ross et al. 2001:472 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:541 [ref. 27995], Blanton & Schuster 2008:844 [ref. 29948], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:591 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Near et al. 2023:216 [ref. 40317], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam 1863). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi (southern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

kimberlae, Etheostoma Mayden [R. L.] in Mayden & Kuhajda 2025:352, Fig. 3 [Zootaxa 5618 (no. 3); ref. 42042] Mill Creek at gravel road 4.3 km SW Oneonta, Blount County, Alabama. Holotype: UAIC 11031.01. Paratypes: TU, UAIC, UF. •Valid as Etheostoma kimberlae Mayden 2025 -- (Brownstein et al. 2025:2 [ref. 42098], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 37 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma kimberlae Mayden 2025. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Locust Fork and Little Warrior River drainages, Alabama (U.S.A.). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

lachneri, Etheostoma Suttkus [R. D.] & Bailey [R. M.] in Suttkus, Bailey & Bart 1994:109, Fig. 2 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 21393] Wolf Creek, tributary to Little Souwilpa Creek at Alabama highway 17, Choctaw County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 162631. Paratypes: ANSP 170040 (2); CUMV 73782 (2); TU (17 lots, 378); UAIC 10682.01 (2); UF 100286 (2); UMMZ 222913-14 (4, 10); USNM 325769 (2); UT 91.3567 (64). •Valid as Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey 1994 -- (Mettee et al. 1996:643 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:474 [ref. 25978], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:542 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:558 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505], Mayden & Kuhajda 2025:370 [ref. 42042]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma lachneri Suttkus & Bailey 1994. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tombigbee River drainage, Alabama and Mississippi (U.S.A.). IUCN (2013): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

lawrencei, Etheostoma Ceas [P. A.] & Burr [B. M.] 2002:205, Figs. 1 c-d, 2 a-d [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 26533] Koger Creek (Wolf River - Obey River - Cumberland River), about 0.8 kilometers northwest of Roland along highway 415 at confluence of McIver Creek, 36°39.44'N, 85°02.77'W, Clinton County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 56855 [ex SIUC 34947]. Paratypes: AUM 31020 (10), INHS 56854 (10), SIUC 38838 (10), TU 191386 (10), UAIC 12666.01 (10), UF 114588 [ex SIUC 34947] (10), UMMZ 237514 (10), USNM 363319 (10), UT 91.5759 (10). •Valid as Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:581 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr 2002. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

lemniscatum, Etheostoma Blanton [R. E.] in Blanton & Jenkins 2008:20, Fig. 4d [Zootaxa No. 1963; ref. 29947] Big South Fork of Cumberland River, 1.2 kilometers upstream of the mouth of Troublesome Creek, McCreary County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: UF 172576. Paratypes: ANSP 189239 (2), INHS 102269 (2), NCSM 49702 (3), TU 200493 (2), UF 172577 (2), USNM 394527 (2). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Etheostoma lemniscatum Blanton 2008 -- (Scharpf 2009:20 [ref. 30400], Page & Burr 2011:594 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma lemniscatum Blanton 2008. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Big South Fork system of Cumberland River drainage, Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

leonensis, Oligocephalus Girard [C. F.] 1859:102 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Leona River, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24580 [ex USNM 748 and MCZ 83] (2, dry). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:56 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Page 1983:140 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lepida, Boleosoma Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:388 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 15636] Upper tributaries of Nueces River, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24575 [ex USNM 744 and MCZ 82] (3); UMMZ 86335 [ex MCZ 24575] (1); USNM 744 (1), USNM 223024 [ex 744] (5). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:15 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Lee et al. 1980:661 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:137 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:140 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:316 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:584 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Texas and New Mexico (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

lepidinion, Etheostoma collis Collette [B. B.] 1962:194, Figs. 17-18 [Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 5865] Tributary of Horsepen Creek, 2.4 miles northwest of Wylliesburg on Va. highway 907, Charlotte County, Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 179847. Paratypes: CUMV 29992 (8), 34544 (7); DU uncat. (8 in 4 lots); USNM 100215 (3), 101330 (1), 101334 (12). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:24-25 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Page 1983:157 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lepidogenys, Etheostoma Evermann [B. W.] & Kendall [W. C.] 1894:114, Pl. 35 (fig. 3) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 12 (art. 3) (for 1892); ref. 12392] Largest of the Comal Springs, Comal Creek, New Braunfels, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 44840. Paralectotypes: USNM 44840 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:31 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 174, p. 3270 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Page 1983:140 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma lepidum (Baird & Girard 1853). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lineolatus, Catonotus Agassiz [L.] 1854:305 [11] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 17; ref. 69] Small creek near Quincy, Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 24637 + 24657 [ex USNM 1801 and MCZ 1]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 1 (8), 43093 (5), 24637 + 24657 (2) [ex USNM 1811 and MCZ 1]; MNHN 0000-2785 (1); UMMZ 86481 [ex MCZ] (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:21 [ref. 20211], Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:80 [ref. 12478]. On p. 11 of separate. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:21 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819, but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:647 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:420 [ref. 23393], Scott & Crossman 1998:787 [ref. 24570], Bailey et al. 2004:194 [ref. 27882] as lineolatum, Scharpf 2008:26 [ref. 30399] lineolatum). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

linsleyi, Etheostoma Storer [H. R.] 1851:37 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 4 (1851-1854); ref. 18846] Streams at Wolcott, Wayne County, New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:31 [ref. 20211]. Spelled linslii by Girard 1859:67 [ref. 1821]. •Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819 -- (Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:326 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

longimana, Etheostoma (Imostoma) Jordan [D. S.] 1888:179 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 40; ref. 10476] Tributary of James River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 24619 [ex MCZ 50]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 43074 [ex MCZ 24619] (2); UMMZ 86603 [ex MCZ 24619] (3); USNM 120258 [ex MCZ 24619] (2), 197414 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:31 [ref. 20211]. The name was misspelled as Etheostoma longimane in Jordan 1889:361, Pl. 45 (fig. 14) [ref. 10478]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:31 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888 -- (Lee et al. 1980:662 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:102 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:89 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:293 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:840 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:302 [ref. 23376], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:541 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper James River system, Virginia and West Virginia (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

longimanus, Cottogaster Jordan [D. S.] (ex Agassiz) 1888:179 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 40; ref. 10476] An Agassiz manuscript name appearing on the lot of type specimens of Etheostoma (Imostoma) longimanum Jordan 1888 and mentioned as such in the original description of that species. •In the synonymy of Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma longimanum Jordan 1888. Percidae: Etheostomatinae.

lugoi, Etheostoma Norris [S. M.] & Minckley [W. L.] 1997:161, Figs. 3-7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 23278] Río Puente Chiquito, 6.7 kilometers south of Cuatro Ciénegas, 26°55'N, 102°05'W, Coahuila, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 233089. Paratypes: ASU 5128 (13), 5928 (30), 5995 (30, 3 c&s); IBUNAM-P 8810 (8); KU 4408 (1), 7409 (1); UANL 13718 [ex ASU 5995] (8); UMMZ 179179 (2), 197213 (5), 179862 (11), 179875 (15), 198941 (2). Type catalog: Contreras-Balderas et al. 1998:6 [ref. 23752]. •Valid as Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley 1997 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Miller et al. 2006:336 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:544 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma lugoi Norris & Minckley 1997. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Southern North America: southern Bolsón de Cuatro Ciénages, Coahuila (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

luteovinctum, Etheostoma (Etheostoma) Gilbert [C. H.] & Swain [W.] in Gilbert 1887:58 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] Stone River, near Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36139. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 3945 (2), UMMZ 121454 (8), 121464 (1); USNM 198003 [ex USNM 36139] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:31 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:31 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain 1887 -- (Lee et al. 1980:663 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:138 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:314 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:500 [ref. 22809], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:27 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:582 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma luteovinctum Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

lynceum, Etheostoma Hay [O. P.] in Jordan 1885:868 [80] [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 13 (1885); ref. 2385] Shallow rocky branch of Chickasawha River at Enterprise, Clarke County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 27445. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 627 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:31-32 [ref. 20211]. On p. 80 of separate. Replacement name for Nanostoma elegans Hay 1881, preoccupied by Boleichthys elegans Girard 1859 when both are in Etheostoma; same types as elegans Hay. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1075 [ref. 2443] for elegans. •Synonym of Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868), but a valid subspecies -- (Page 1983:73 [ref. 22189]). •Valid as Etheostoma lynceum Hay 1885 -- (Etnier & Starnes 1986:832 [ref. 22455], Page & Burr 1991:298 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:119 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:502 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:645 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:475 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:543 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:550 [ref. 31215], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Etheostoma lynceum Hay 1885. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana (southern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

maculaticeps, Boleosoma Cope [E. D.] 1870:269 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (for 7 Jan. 1870); ref. 14127] Upper waters of Catawba River, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 13862. Paralectotypes: ANSP 13863-76 (14). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:15 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:523, fig. 6 [ref. 1375]. •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:539 [ref. 31215]). •Valid as Etheostoma maculaticeps (Cope 1870) -- (MacGuigan et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40852], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 37 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma maculaticeps (Cope 1870). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Atlantic coast from North Carolina to Florida (U.S.A.). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatum, Boleosoma Agassiz [L.] 1850:305, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Lake Superior; ref. 66] Fort William, Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada. Lectotype: USNM 1840. Paralectotypes: MCZ 187 [ex USNM 1840] (1, apparently lost), USNM 197633 [ex USNM 1840] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:15 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:15 [ref. 20211]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Etheostoma by Etheostoma maculata Kirtland 1840.. •Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189], Scott & Crossman 1998:797 [ref. 24570], Ross et al. 2001:480 [ref. 25978]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mariae, Belophlox Fowler [H. W.] 1947:2, Fig. 1 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 191; ref. 1457] Tributary of outlet of Watson's Lake, near Southern Pines, eastern Moore County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71731. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:12 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Etheostoma mariae (Fowler 1947) -- (Lee et al. 1980:665 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:139 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:113 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:308 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:570 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma mariae (Fowler 1947). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: North Carolina and South Carolina (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

marmorpinnum, Etheostoma Blanton [R. E.] & Jenkins [R. E.] 2008:15, Fig. 4b [Zootaxa No. 1963; ref. 29947] Little River just below TN highway 33 bridge, Blount County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: UF 172572. Paratypes: ANSP 189238 (2), INHS 102268 (2), NCSM 49701 (3), TU 140998 (2), UF 172573 (3), USNM 394525 (2), UT 91.2615 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008 -- (Scharpf 2009:20 [ref. 30400], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma marmorpinnum Blanton & Jenkins 2008. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee River drainage, Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

meadiae, Ulocentra Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1898:2852 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Indian Creek, tributary of Powell River at Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 48903. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6312 (1, not found), USNM 125623 [ex USBF 711] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:72 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877) -- (Page 1983:81 [ref. 22189]). •See Layman & Mayden 2009:166 [ref. 30060]. •Valid as Etheostoma meadiae (Jordan & Evermann 1898) -- (Lee et al. 1980:666 [ref. 22416], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Layman & Mayden 2012:16 [ref. 32285], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma meadiae (Jordan & Evermann 1898). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America.: Tennessee and Virginia (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

mesaeus, Poecilichthys Cope [E. D.] 1864:232 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 906] Platte River near Fort Kearney, Nebraska, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 13943. Paralectotypes: ANSP 13944-46 (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:64 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1907:524, Fig. 7 [ref. 1375]. •Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

metaegadi, Hololepis fusiformis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:81, Pl. 1 (fig. 14) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Tempies Pond, Osterville, Barnstable County, Cotuit Harbor drainage basin, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 77860. Paratypes: USNM 94683 (36, now 34), UMMZ 107093 [ex USNM 94683] (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:50 [ref. 20211]. Originally as metae-gadi. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:151 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

michellae, Etheostoma Mayden [R. L.] in Mayden & Kuhajda 2025:361, Fig. 4 [Zootaxa 5618 (no. 3); ref. 42042] Borden Creek at Forest Service Road 224, William Bankhead National Forest, Lawrence County, Alabama. Holotype: UAIC 11065.05. Paratypes: AUM, UAIC, UF. •Valid as Etheostoma michellae Mayden 2025 -- (Brownstein et al. 2025:5 [ref. 42098], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 37 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma michellae Mayden 2025. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Sipsey Fork drainage, Black Warrior River basin, Alabama (U.S.A.). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

microperca, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] in Jordan 1888:134 [A manual of vertebrate animals of the northern United States (fifth edition); ref. 2390] Michigan; Wisconsin; Illinois; Alabama, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24566 [ex USNM 1377, MCZ 95] (2), 24570 [ex USNM 1283, MCZ 93] (9), 24582 [ex USNM 1294, MCZ 96] (1), 24690 [ex USNM 1288, MCZ 94] (11); UMMZ 86316 [ex USNM 1288] (3, poor condition), 86457 [ex USNM 1283] (3); USNM 1276 (1, not found), 1283 (20, now 19), 1288 (28), 1377 (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:32 [ref. 20211]. Replacement name for Microperca punctulata Putnam 1863, secondarily preoccupied in Etheostoma by Poecilichthys punctulatus Agassiz 1854; same types as punctulata Putnam. •Valid as Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888 -- (Lee et al. 1980:668 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:162 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:158 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:426 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:144 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:322 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:505 [ref. 22809], Cross & Collins 1995:225 [ref. 23394], Scott & Crossman 1998:790 [ref. 24570], Lyons et al. 2000:45 [ref. 26594], Bailey et al. 2004:195 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:360 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:597 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Ontario (Canada) and eastern U.S.A., especially in the Great Lakes region. Habitat: freshwater.

micropterus, Etheostoma Gilbert [C. H.] 1890:289 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 823); ref. 18115] Chihuahua, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 38245. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:32 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma pottsi (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:144 [ref. 22189], Smith et al. 1984:396 [ref. 22691]). •Synonym of Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859) -- (Fricke et al. 2024:544 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mihileze, Etheostoma Mayden [R. L.] 2010:722, Figs. 1B, 1C, 2 [Copeia 2010 (no. 4); ref. 31085] Spring River at US Hwy 60, just south of Verona, 36°56'54"N, 93°47'36"W, Lawrence County, Kansas, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 398660 [UAIC 10710.05]. Paratypes: INHS 103121 (2), KU 2945 (7), SIUC 81058 (2), TU 200885 (2), UAIC 10710.05 (47), UF 178390 [ex. UAIC 10710.05] (2), UMMZ 248865 (2). Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Etheostoma mihileze Mayden 2010 -- (Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma mihileze Mayden 2010. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Arkansas River system: Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

minima, Perca Haldeman [S. S.] 1842:330 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 2029] Susquehanna River [?Marietta, Lancaster County], Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 13928 (skin). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:56 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:138 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

montanus, Poecilichthys whipplii Hubbs [C. L.] & Black [J. D.] 1941:15, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 429; ref. 10850] Near head of Blue Hole Creek, tributary of Clear Creek, 1 mile south of Winslow, Washington County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 127777. Paratypes: UMMZ 123842 (2), 123352 (1), 123802 (220), 123806 (100), 123813 (107), 123821 (53), 127778 (7), 128678 (2); USNM 117589 (7). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:68-69 [ref. 20211]. The original spelling whipplii is an acceptable spelling, but based on Art. 33.2.3.1 of the Code, the spelling whipplei can be retained. •Synonym of Etheostoma whipplii (Girard 1859) -- (Robison & Buchanan 1988:444 [ref. 23393] as whipplei). •Synonym of Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859), but a valid subspecies montanum with spelling of species as whipplei -- (Lee et al. 1980:709 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:125 [ref. 22189], Stauffer et al. 1995:329 [ref. 23376]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mutatum, Boleosoma Vaillant [L. L.] 1873:88 [Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 9 (pt 1, Mémoire); ref. 4492] Unneeded replacement name for Boleosoma maculatum Agassiz 1850; for types see Boleosoma maculatum. •Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nebra, Etheostoma Near [T. J.] & Thomas [M. R.] 2015:131, Figs. 2, 3A-B, 4A-C, 5 [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 34008] Flat Lick Creek, immediately below confluence with Big Spring Branch, 37.15689'N, 84.4789'E, Pulaski County, Kentucky. Holotype: YPM ICH 27033. Paratypes: INHS, UMMZ, UF, UPM. Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Etheostoma nebra Near & Thomas 2015 -- (Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma nebra Near & Thomas 2015. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

neopterum, Etheostoma (Catonotus) Howell [W. M.] & Dingerkus [G.] 1978:14, Figs. 1a-b, 2a, c [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 3; ref. 8925] Little Butler Creek, Shoal Creek system, Wayne County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 217529. Paratypes: AMNH 36545-54 (111, 4, 4, 8, 3, 30, 1, 2, 1, 2); CUMV 64511 (21), 64513 (9), 64515 (7), 65049 (1); TU 102024 (7); UAIC 5342.01 (5), 5344.01 (3), 5343.01 (4); UMMZ 200767 (4); USNM 217530 (1); UT 91.1389 (2), 91.1067 (2). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:60 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus 1978 -- (Lee et al. 1980:670 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:150 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:147 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:319 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:119 [ref. 23239], Page et al. 1992:624 [ref. 19865], Etnier & Starnes 1993:506 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:647 [ref. 25836], Ceas & Burr 2002:214 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:544 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:589 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Wood et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40115], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma neopterum Howell & Dingerkus 1978. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Alabama and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

newmanii, Hyostoma Agassiz [L.] 1854:305 [11] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 17; ref. 69] Near Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1865. Paralectotypes: MCZ 24602 [ex USNM 1865 and MCZ 237] (5), UMMZ 86764 [ex MCZ 24602] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:53 [ref. 20211]. On p. 11 of separate. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:53 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819 -- (Boschung & Mayden 2004:510 [ref. 27995]). •Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819, but a valid subspecies newmanii -- (Page 1983:69 [ref. 22189] as newmannii, Robison & Buchanan 1988:411 [ref. 23393], Stauffer et al. 1995:295 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:218 [ref. 23394], Ross et al. 2001:460 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2008:22 [ref. 30399], Piller & Bart 2017:574 [ref. 35619]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nianguae, Etheostoma (Hadropterus) Gilbert [C. H.] & Meek [S. E.] in Gilbert 1887:52 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] Niangua River near Marshfield, Missouri, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36214. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 5299 [? ex Univ. Cincinnati] (1), USNM 38319 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:33 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1043 [ref. 2443]. •Valid as Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert & Meek 1887 -- (Lee et al. 1980:671 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:70 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:59 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:308 [ref. 18983], Mattingly & Galat 2002:573 [ref. 26227], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:569 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert & Meek 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

nigra, Etheostoma Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:169 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 7309] Green River, Kentucky, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:34 [ref. 20211]. Described as belonging to subgenus Aplesion, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:37 [ref. 3592]. •Valid as Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Lee et al. 1980:672 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:102 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189], Chapleau & Pageau 1985 [ref. 14225], Smith 1986:330 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:429 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:144 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:291 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:119 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:510 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:846 [ref. 21581], Baxter & Stone 1995:246 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:305 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:226 [ref. 23394], Chereshnev 1996:606 [ref. 24659], Mettee et al. 1996:651 [ref. 25836], Scott & Crossman 1998:793 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:382 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:45 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:478 [ref. 25978], Bailey et al. 2004:196 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:362 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:547 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:537 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], MacGuigan et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40852], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: eastern Canada and northeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

nigripinne, Etheostoma Braasch [M. E.] & Mayden [R. L.] 1985:28, Figs. 2e, 3e, 10 (bottom), 11 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 119; ref. 6874] Pikes Peak Branch, 1.6 kilometers west of Tennessee Route 20 bridge, Decatur County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 20000. Paratypes: INHS 68092 (7); KU 20893-95 (7, 2, 7); SIUC 9718 (3); TU 139110 (3); UAIC [ = ALA] 7712.01 (2); UMMZ 212481 (7); USNM 268083 (7); UT 91.2768 (7); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:60 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:281-282 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma nigripinne Braasch & Mayden 1985 -- (Page & Burr 1991:319 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:119 [ref. 23239], Page et al. 1992:634 [ref. 19865], Etnier & Starnes 1993:508 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:649 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:476 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:546 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:588 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma nigripinne Braasch & Mayden 1985. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Alabama, Tennessee and Mississippi (eastrn-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

notiale, Etheostoma caeruleum Knapp [L. W.] 1964 Appeared in an unpublished thesis, unavailable. •Sometimes cited as a valid subspecies -- (e.g., Scott & Crossman 1998:781 [ref. 24570]). •In the synonymy of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845. Percidae: Etheostomatinae.

nuchale, Etheostoma Howell [W. M.] & Caldwell [R. D.] 1965:101, Fig. 1 [Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 9036] Glen Spring at Bessemer along county highway 20, Jefferson County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 187523. Paratypes: TU 34591 (20); UAIC 1227 (9); UMMZ 187524 (1, allotype) 187525 (20); ?187476 (6); USNM 231720 [ex 259800-F1] (20). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:127 [ref. 20861], Collette & Knapp 1967:34 [ref. 20211], Bart & Taylor 1993:60 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965 -- (Lee et al. 1980:673 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:140 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:129 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:316 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:120 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:653 [ref. 25836], Fuller et al. 1999:382 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:548 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:583 [ref. 31215], Suttkus et al. 2012:14 [ref. 12288], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma nuchale Howell & Caldwell 1965. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Alabama (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

obama, Etheostoma Mayden [R. L.] & Layman [S. R.] in Layman & Mayden 2012:20, Fig. 3, 10 [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bull. 30; ref. 32285] Duck River below dam at TN Hwy 64/US Hwy 231 in Shelbyville, Bedford County, Tennessee, USA. Holotype: UAIC 10337.29. Paratypes: INHS, UAIC, NLU, SIUC, TU, UF, UMMZ, USNM, UT. •Valid as Etheostoma obama Mayden & Layman 2012 -- (Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma obama Mayden & Layman 2012. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

obeyense, Etheostoma Kirsch [P. H.] 1892:292, Fig. [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 10 (art. 9) [1890]; ref. 14512] Tributary of Cumberland River, Clinton County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 45565. Paralectotypes: (orig. 210 syntypes) BMNH 1892.12.20.136-139 (4), 1892.12.30.140 (1); FMNH 6867 (36); CAS-SU 1918 (38), 5116 (41); UMMZ 61558 (42); USNM 46207 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:34 [ref. 20211], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:35 [ref. 12367]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1092 [ref. 2443]. •Valid as Etheostoma obeyense Kirsch 1892 -- (Lee et al. 1980:674 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:151 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:150 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:321 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:512 [ref. 22809], Page et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27127], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:595 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32708], Near & Thomas 2015:136 [ref. 34008], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma obeyense Kirsch 1892. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

occidentale, Etheostoma Powers [S. L.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2007:15, Figs. 3E, 4E, 5E [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 25; ref. 29367] Whippoorwill Creek in Ferguson at KY highway 1151, Logan County, Kentucky, 36°46'45"N, 86°58'36"W. Holotype: UAIC 13625.05. Paratypes: INHS 96335 (2); SIUC 48976 (2); TU 195083 (2); UAIC 13625.04 (8); USNM 372745 (2); UT 91.6382 (2). •Valid as Etheostoma occidentale Powers & Mayden 2007 -- (Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:553 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708]). •Synonym of Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877) -- (Harrington & Near 2012:64 [ref. 31699]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

okaloosae, Villora Fowler [H. W.] 1941:242, Fig. 12 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92 (for 1940); ref. 13235] Little Rocky Creek, 7 miles northeast of Niceville, route 218 [now Fla. 285], Okaloosa County, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 69159. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:73 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:139 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler 1941) -- (Collette & Yerger 1962:223 [ref. 21930], Lee et al. 1980:675 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:124 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:113 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:309 [ref. 18983], Burkhead et al. 1992 [ref. 20287], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:570 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:322 [ref. 35886], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma okaloosae (Fowler 1941). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Florida (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

oligoporus, Hololepis thermophilus Bailey [J. R.] 1951:193, Pls. 6(9-18), 7(11-19), 8(5-11) [Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society v. 67 (no. 2); ref. 12880] Jones Lake, Bladen County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 161969. Paratypes: DU uncat. (15); UMMZ 161965-68 (2, 25, 5, 44), 161970-75 (2, 3, 38, 2, 46, 2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:52 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:151 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

olivaceum, Etheostoma Braasch [M. E.] & Page [L. M.] 1979:2, Figs. 1, 2a-b [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 78; ref. 8845] Rock Springs Branch at Rock Springs Church, 2 kilometers north of Buffalo Valley, 36°10'N, 85°47'W, Putnam County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 75734. Paratypes: INHS 75735 (10), 75576 (8); TU 101391 (6); NLU 35160 (6); USNM 216895 (6); UAIC 5341.01 (6); UT 91.1332 (6); UMMZ 200208 (6). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:60 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:282 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979 -- (Lee et al. 1980:676 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:151 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:146 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:317 [ref. 18983], Page et al. 1992:636 [ref. 19865], Etnier & Starnes 1993:514 [ref. 22809], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:584 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505], Wood et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40115]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma olivaceum Braasch & Page 1979. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

olmstedi, Etheostoma Storer [D. H.] 1842:61, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 1) (art. 7); ref. 18833] Connecticut River at Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24781 [ex MCZ 151] (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:35 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Ehteostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820 -- (Ross et al. 2001:480 [ref. 25978]). •Valid as Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Lee et al. 1980:677 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:104 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189], Chapleau & Pageau 1985 [ref. 14225], Smith 1986:331 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:144 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:292 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:849 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:306 [ref. 23376], Murdy et al. 1997:220 [ref. 23144], Fuller et al. 1999:383 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:539 [ref. 31215] with 3 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:323 [ref. 35886] with 3 subspecies, MacGuigan et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40852], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505], Phelps et al. 2024:323 [ref. 42620]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Quebec (Canada) and eastern-central U.S.A. IUCN (2013): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

oophylax, Etheostoma Ceas [P. A.] & Page [L. M.] in Page et al. 1992:629, Fig. 2J [Copeia 1992 (no. 3); ref. 19865] Little Bacon Creek (tributary of Big Sandy River), 3.2 kilometers northeast of Clarksburg, Carroll County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 59110. Paratypes: INHS 61820 (6), SIUC 18065 (3), UAIC 9999.01 (3), UMMZ 217891 (3), USNM 313755 (3), UT 91.3847 (3). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:282 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma oophylax Ceas & Page 1992 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:590 [ref. 31215], Wood et al. 2023:29 [ref. 40115], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma oophylax Ceas & Page 1992. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee River basin and Obion River drainage (Mississippi River basin), Tennessee and Kentucky, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

oreium, Etheostoma caeruleum Knapp [L. W.] 1964 Appeared in an unpublished thesis, unavailable. •Sometimes cited as a valid subspecies -- (e.g., Scott & Crossman 1998:781 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845. Percidae: Etheostomatinae.

orientale, Etheostoma Powers [S. L.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2007:16, Figs. 3E, 4E, 5E [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 25; ref. 29367] West Fork of the Obey River, 14 kilometers east of Livingston at TN highway 52, Overton County, Tennessee (36°23'47"N, 85°10'26"W). Holotype: UAIC 13630.14. Paratypes: INHS 96336 (2), SIUC 48977 (2), TU 195084 (2), UAIC 13630 (11), USNM 372746 (2), UT 91.6383 (2). •Synonym of Etheostoma atripinne (Jordan 1877) -- (Harrington & Near 2012:64 [ref. 31699]). •Valid as Etheostoma orientale Powers & Mayden 2007 -- (Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:554 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2023:251 [ref. 40505], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma orientale Powers & Mayden 2007. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: tributaries to the Cumberland River, Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

osburni, Poecilichthys Hubbs [C. L.] & Trautman [M. B.] 1932:34, Fig. 2 [Ohio Journal of Science v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 11675] Stony Creek, tributary of Greenbrier River, Pocahontas County, West Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 92409. Paratypes: OSM 12946 (4); UMMZ 92410 (5), 95370 (7); USNM 39542 (1), 117588 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:64 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman 1932) -- (Lee et al. 1980:678 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:80 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:64 [ref. 22189], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:384 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:297 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:827 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:309 [ref. 23376], Switzer & Wood 2002:450 [ref. 26023], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:547 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma osburni (Hubbs & Trautman 1932). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: West Virginia and Virginia (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

pagei, Etheostoma Meek [S. E.] 1894:957 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 335); ref. 14556] Spring Branch, tributary of Neosho River at U.S. Fish Hatchery, Neosho, Missouri, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 45566. Paralectotypes: USNM 197969 [ex USNM 45566] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:35 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 175, p. 3270 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable; lectotype also selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:35 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885 -- (Page 1983:120 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma cragini Gilbert 1885. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pallididorsum, Etheostoma Distler [D. A.] & Metcalf [A. L.] 1962:556, Figs. 1A-E [Copeia 1962 (no. 3); ref. 5881] 8.5 miles west of Black Springs, Caddo River, Montgomery County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 7144. Paratypes: CUMV 44004 [ex KU] (10); KU 6158 (18), 6921 (now 21), 6922 (8); UMMZ [publ. as 178997] (10); USNM 196547 (10). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:35-36 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf 1962 -- (Lee et al. 1980:679 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:126 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:121 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:431 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:310 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:134 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Mayden 2010:716 [ref. 31085], Page & Burr 2011:572 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma pallididorsum Distler & Metcalf 1962. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Arkansas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

paludosus, Poecilichthys radiosus Moore [G. A.] & Rigney [C. C.] 1952:11, Pl. 2 (figs. 3-4) [Copeia 1952 (no. 1); ref. 12791] Bois d'Arc Creek, tributary of Clear Boggy Creek, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 161368. Paratypes: MCZ 37205 (41); OAM 1703 (2); UMMZ 161369 (58); UOMZ 26156-57 (19, 36); USNM 153533 (38), 198109 [ex Tulsa Univ.] (27). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:65-66 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941) -- (Page 1983:125 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941) but a valid subspecies -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:143 [ref. 38055], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:576 [ref. 31215]) Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North Am,erica: Oklahoma (U.S.A.) [subspecies paludosus]. Habitat: freshwater.

palustris, Poecilichthys Gilbert [C. H.] 1884:209 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 424); ref. 14382] Switz City Swamp, Greene County, Indiana, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 34983. Paralectotypes: (1, not found). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:64-65 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Hubbs & Cannon 1935:44 [ref. 2255]. •Synonym of Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859) -- (Collette 1962:133 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:154 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma gracile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

parvigemma, Etheostoma stigmaeum Howell [W. M.] 1968:812 [Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 7895] Appeared in Dissertation Abstracts; publication regarded as unavailable. From Collins & Rocky rivers, Tennessee. Percidae: Etheostomatinae.

parvipinne, Etheostoma (Etheostoma) Gilbert [C. H.] & Swain [W.] in Gilbert 1887:59 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] Tributary to Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 36716. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:36 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain 1887 -- (Lee et al. 1980:680 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:140 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:109 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:432 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:311 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:120 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:515 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:655 [ref. 25836], Bart & Taylor 1999:33 [ref. 24150], Ross et al. 2001:480 [ref. 25978], Winston 2002:187 [ref. 26142], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:364 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:549 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:573 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:325 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma parvipinne Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: southeastern and south-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

percnurum, Etheostoma Jenkins [R. E.] in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:877, Figs. 316-317 [ ref. 21581] Copper Creek just below mouth of Obeys Creek, Scott County, Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 220237. Paratypes: INHS 93045 [ex USNM 220238] (10), UMMZ 220238 (55, now 30). •Valid as Etheostoma percnurum Jenkins 1994 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Blanton & Jenkins 2008:8 [ref. 29947] Blanton & Schuster 2008:844 [ref. 29948], Scharpf 2008:29 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:593 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma percnurum Jenkins 1994. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee and Virginia (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

perlongum, Boleosoma Hubbs [C. L.] & Raney [E. C.] 1946:17, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 65; ref. 13128] North shore of Lake Waccamaw, Columbus County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 138475. Paratypes: UMMZ 138476 (16). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:19 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946) -- (Lee et al. 1980:681 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:105 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:88 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:292 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], McCarteny & Barreto 2010:103 [ref. 30737], Page & Burr 2011:540 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], MacGuigan et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40852], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma perlongum (Hubbs & Raney 1946). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Lake Waccamaw, southeastern North Carolina (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

phlox, Boleosoma Cope [E. D.] 1880:30 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 17; ref. 14285] Trinity River near Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 20447. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:19 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:139 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854) -- (Page 1983:1082 [ref. 29994]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pholidotum, Etheostoma blennioides Miller [R. V.] 1968:26, Fig. 5 [Copeia 1968 (no. 1); ref. 20248] Bean Creek, tributary of Middle Fork River, Vermilion County, Illinois, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 45466. Paratypes: CUMV 42251 (14), USNM 197701 (6). Plus non-type material. •Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819 -- (Smith 1986:321 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Page 1983:69 [ref. 22189], Stauffer et al. 1995:295 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:219 [ref. 23394], Scott & Crossman 1998:778 [ref. 24570], Ross et al. 2001:460 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2008:22 [ref. 30399]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma blennioides Rafinesque 1819. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

phytophilum, Etheostoma Bart [H. L., Jr.] & Taylor [M. S.] 1999:27, Figs. 2a-b [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 24150] Spring run tributary to tributary to Turkey Creek along Alabama highway 79, Pinson, Jefferson County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 187503. Paratypes: ANSP 177501 (1); AUM 18747 (1), 21148 (1), 21155 (2), 27017 (orig. 17, now 5); INHS 48900 (2); TU 60078 (1), 176230 (3); UF 110739 (2); UAIC 1295.01 (1), 11064.01 (2); UMMZ 234787 (2); USNM 351328 (2). •Valid as Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor 1999 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:551 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:574 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma phytophilum Bart & Taylor 1999. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Alabama (U.S.A.) endemic. IUCN (2013): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

piersoni, Etheostoma rupestre Hilburn [B. G.], Janosik [A. M.] & Johnston [C. E.] 2023:164, Fig. 8B [Zootaxa 5343 (no. 2); ref. 40456] Chilatchee Creek, Highway 5, 32.2359°, -87.4091°. Holotype: USNM 398677. Paratypes: AUM, USNM. •Synonym of Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887, but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Alabama and Cahaba watersheds of central Alabama, U.S.A. [this subspecies] Habitat: freshwater.

planasaxatile, Etheostoma Powers [S. L.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2007:14, Figs. 3D, 4D, 5D [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 25; ref. 29367] Flat Creek, 15 kilometers east-northeast of Columbia at U.S. highway 412, Maury County, Tennessee (35°38'21"N, 86°51'13"W). Holotype: UAIC 13591.11. Paratypes: INHS 96334 (2); SIUC 48975 (2); TU 195082 (2); UAIC 13591.10 (26); USNM 372744 (2); UT 91.6381 (2). •Valid as Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007 -- (Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:553 [ref. 31215], Harrington & Near 2012:64 [ref. 31699], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma planasaxatile Powers & Mayden 2007. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Duck River system, Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

podostemone, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] & Jenkins [O. P.] in Jordan 1889:359, Pl. 45 (fig. 11) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 723); ref. 10478] Roanoke River at Allegheny Springs, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 39863. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1889.10.30.45 [ex USFC] (1); CAS 22857 [ex IU 7866] (12, missing); CAS-SU 622 (8); USNM 40305 (11), 125477 (3), 197635 [ex USNM 39863] (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:36 [ref. 20211] . Second author is O. P. Jenkins. Lectotype selected by : Collette & Knapp 1967:36 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins 1889 -- (Lee et al. 1980:682 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:106 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:89 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:293 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:844 [ref. 21581], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:541 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma podostemone Jordan & Jenkins 1889. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Virginia and North Carolina (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

pottsii, Aplesion Girard [C. F.] 1859:102 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Chihuahua River [Río Chuviscar at Chihuahua], northern Mexico. Holotype (unique): MCZ 1179 [ex USNM 1179]. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:12 [ref. 20211]. Spelled potsii (misprint); named for Mr. John Potts as cited in text so name is corrected to pottsii. •Valid as Etheostoma pottsi (Girard 1859) -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:141 [ref. 38055], Smith et al. 1984:395 [ref. 22691], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:64 [ref. 22290], Norris & Minckley 1997:174 [ref. 23278]). •Valid as Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller et al. 2006:337 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:544 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma pottsii (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Southern North America: western central highlands, Chihuahua, Durango and Zacatecas (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

proeliaris, Microperca Hay [O. P.] 1881:496 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Tributary of Tuscumbia River at Corinth, Alcorn County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 27418. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:54 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881) -- (Lee et al. 1980:683 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:163 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:157 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:433 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:323 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:120 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:516 [ref. 22809], Taylor et al. 1994:75 [ref. 21896], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:657 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:483 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:366 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:552 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:598 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:327 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma proeliare (Hay 1881). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: southern-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

pseudovulatum, Etheostoma Page [L. M.] & Ceas [P. A.] in Page et al. 1992:628, Fig. 1j-k, 2H [Copeia 1992 (no. 3); ref. 19865] Mill Creek, 1.6 kilometers south of Wrigley at highway 100 bridge, Hickman County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 58630. Paratypes: INHS 62825 (35), SIUC 18064 (3), UAIC 9997.01 (3), UMMZ 217890 [ex INHS 58452] (3), USNM 313757 (3), UT 91.2580 (5), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:282 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma pseudovulatum Page & Ceas 1992 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:590 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Wood et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40115], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma pseudovulatum Page & Ceas 1992. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

pulchellus, Oligocephalus Girard [C. F.] 1859:102 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] A tributary of Gypsum Creek, emptying itself into Canadian River, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MCZ 32950 [ex USNM 1334]. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:56 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854), but a valid subspecies pulchellum (Girard 1859) -- (Lee et al. 1980:695 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:439 [ref. 23393], Baxter & Stone 1995:248 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:230 [ref. 23394], Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Scharpf 2008:32 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:578 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Texas [subspecies pulchellum]. Habitat: freshwater.

punctulata, Microperca Putnam [F. W.] 1863:4 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 3567] Michigan; Wisconsin; Illinois; Alabama, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24566 [ex USNM 1377, MCZ 95] (2), 24570 [ex USNM 1283, MCZ 93] (9), 24582 [ex USNM 1294, MCZ 96] (1), 24690 [ex USNM 1288, MCZ 94] (11); SMNS 1232 (2); UMMZ 86316 [ex USNM 1288] (3, poor condition), 86457 [ex USNM 1283] (3); USNM 1276 (1, not found), 1283 (20, now 19), 1288 (28), 1377 (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:54 [ref. 20211], Fricke 1995:13 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:53 [ref. 29864]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Etheostoma by Poecilichthys punctulatus Agassizi 1854; replaced by Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888. •Synonym of Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888 -- (Page 1983:158 [ref. 22189]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma microperca Jordan & Gilbert 1888. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

punctulatus, Poecilichthys Agassiz [L.] 1854:304 [10] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 17; ref. 69] Osage River, Missouri, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 39. Paralectotypes: MCZ 43091 [ex MCZ 39] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:65 [ref. 20211]. On p. 10 of separate. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:65 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854) -- (Lee et al. 1980:684 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:127 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:117 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:435 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:309 [ref. 18983], Cross & Collins 1995:227 [ref. 23394], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:368 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Mayden 2010:716, 718 [ref. 31085], Page & Burr 2011:571 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma punctulatum (Agassiz 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri and Arkansas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

pyrrhogaster, Etheostoma Bailey [R. M.] & Etnier [D. A.] 1988:31, Pl. 1 (upper) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 175; ref. 6873] Clear Creek, tributary to North Fork Obion River, 5.1 air kilometers southwest of Puryear, Henry County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 213924. Paratypes: AUM; AMNH 55779 (3); CAS 56327 (3); INHS 68217 (3); KU; LACM 43797-1 (1); NLU 56290 (3); ROM; UAIC 7740.01 (4); SIUC; TU 139772 (4); UF 42062 (3); UMMZ 213925 (4), plus more; UOMZ; USNM 270857 (4); UT 91.705 (5), 91.2324 (9), 91.2757 (8). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:60 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:282 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier 1988 -- (Carney & Burr 1989 [ref. 13825], Page & Burr 1991:301 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:518 [ref. 22809], Powers & Mayden 2003:576 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Powers & Warren 2009:523 [ref. 30383], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:555 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Kozal et al. 2017:280 [ref. 35621], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma pyrrhogaster Bailey & Etnier 1988. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Obion River drainage, Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

quappella, Etheostoma Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1892:963 [American Naturalist v. 26 (no. 311); ref. 12339] Qu'Appelle River, Manitoba, Canada. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1892.12.30.183. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:37 [ref. 20211] as quapella. Appeared first as quappella; then in Eigenmann 1894:117 [ref. 20228] as quappelle [p. 963 changed by hand by Eigenmann to quappelle in reprint at CAS]. Misspelled quapella in current literature. •Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189] as quapella, Scott & Crossman 1998:786 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

quiescens, Poecilichthys Jordan [D. S.] 1884:478 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 451); ref. 10625] Tributary of Altamaha River, a branch of the Suwanee River at Nashville, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 28509. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:65 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:174 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

radiosus, Poecilichthys whipplii Hubbs [C. L.] & Black [J. D.] 1941:10, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 429; ref. 10850] Sugar Loaf Creek, tributary of Caddo River, on US highway 70, Ouachita River system, Hot Spring County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 123080. Paratypes: UMMZ (18 lots); USNM 36419 (5), 36442 (19), 42766 (1); probable types: TU 52871-73 (1, 5, 2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:69-70 [ref. 20211], Suttkus 1970:127 [ref. 20861], Bart & Taylor 1993:65 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941) -- (Lee et al. 1980:685 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:142 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:125 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:436 [ref. 23393], Retzer et al. 1986:631 [ref. 22453], Matthews & Gelwick 1988:543 [ref. 20729], Page & Burr 1991:312 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:370 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:575 [ref. 31215] with 3 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma radiosum (Hubbs & Black 1941). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas (southern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

rafinesquei, Etheostoma Burr [B. M.] & Page [L. M.] in Page & Burr 1982:9, Fig. 1b [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 101; ref. 5462] Barren Run, tributary of North Fork Nolin River, 2 kilometers northwest of town of Barren Run, Kentucky, U.S.A., 37°30'N, 85°48'W. Holotype: INHS 87488. Paratypes: INHS 87482 (11), KU 19111 (11), SIUC 1025 (11), UF 32482 (10), UT 91.2359 (11). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:282-283 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page 1982 -- (Kuehne & Barbour 1983:94 [ref. 38055], Page & Burr 1991:300 [ref. 18983], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:30 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:551 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma rafinesquei Burr & Page 1982. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

ramseyi, Etheostoma Suttkus [R. D.] & Bailey [R. M.] in Suttkus, Bailey & Bart 1994:115, Fig. 3 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 21393] Beaver Creek, tributary to Alabama River at Wilcox County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 162574. Paratypes: ANSP 170041 (2), CUMV 73783 (2), TU (26 lots, 722), UAIC (2 lots, 22), UF 100287 (2), UMMZ 222915-16 (4, 10), USNM 325770 (2), UT 91.4345 (4). •Valid as Etheostoma ramseyi Suttkus & Bailey 1994 -- (Bauer et al. 1995:11 [ref. 22529], Mettee et al. 1996:659 [ref. 25836], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:553 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:557 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma ramseyi Suttkus & Bailey 1994. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Alabama (U.S.A.) endemic. IUCN (2013): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

raneyi, Etheostoma Suttkus [R. D.] & Bart [H. L., Jr.] in Suttkus, Bailey & Bart 1994:98, Fig. 1 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 21393] Hurricane Creek, tributary to Tallahatchie River, Yazoo River system, at Mississippi highway 7, Lafayette County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 162795. Paratypes: ANSP 170039 (2); AUM 20651 (4); CUMV (2 lots, 4); MSU 2038 (22); TU (21 lots, 131);UAIC 10681.01 (2); UF 100285 (2); UMMZ 222910-11 (5, 2), plus 14 more; USNM 325768 (2); UT (3 lots, 53). •Valid as Etheostoma raneyi Suttkus & Bart 1994 -- (Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Powers & Warren 2009:523 [ref. 30383], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:558 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Sterling & Warren 2020:23 [ref. 37736], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma raneyi Suttkus & Bart 1994. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Mississippi (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

rupestre, Etheostoma (Rhothoeca) Gilbert [C. H.] & Swain [W.] in Gilbert 1887:57 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] North River, tributary of Black Warrior River, near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36695. Paralectotypes: USNM 188971 [ex USNM 36695] (17). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:38 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected in Collette & Knapp 1967:38 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887 -- (Lee et al. 1980:688 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:81 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:69 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:295 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:120 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:521 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:663 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:488 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:555 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:544 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bennett et al. 2015:54 [ref. 41443], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Hilburn et al. 2023:159 [ref. 40456], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Mobile basin in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

sagitta, Poecilichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Swain [J.] 1883:250 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 6 (no. 378); ref. 10648] Wolf Creek, tributary of Clear Fork of Cumberland River, near Pleasant View, Whitley County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM (not found). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:66 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883) -- (Lee et al. 1980:689 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:71 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:59 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:308 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:522 [ref. 22809], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:569 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505], Thomas et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40218]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

saludae, Hololepis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:50, Pl. 1 (fig. 6) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Richland Creek, tributary to Lake Murray, 10 miles southeast of Saluda, Saluda County, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 107079. Paratypes: CHM 33.139.1 (4), 33.149.1 (now 4); FMNH 38331 [ex CHN 33.149.1] (1), UMMZ 107077-78 (4, 2); USNM 94685 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:50 [ref. 20211], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:47 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Etheostoma saludae (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Collette 1962:190 [ref. 5865], Lee et al. 1980:690 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:159 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:325 [ref. 18983]). •Synonym of Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & cannon 1935) -- (Jenkins, Haxo & Burkhead in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:886 [ref. 21581]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma collis (Hubbs & Cannon 1935). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

saxatilis, Poecilichthys Hay [O. P.] 1881:495 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Tributary of Chickasawha River at Enterprise, Clarke County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 27433. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:67 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877) -- (Page 1983:81 [ref. 22189], Ross et al. 2001:490 [ref. 25978], Boschung & Mayden 2004:557 [ref. 27995]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

scotti, Etheostoma Bauer [B. H.], Etnier [D. A.] & Burkhead [N. M.] 1995:2, Figs. 1B-C [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin v. 17; ref. 22529] McCannless Creek, tributary to Shoal Creek, south of center of Waleska, Cherokee County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 223256. Paratypes: Many at AMNH, ANSP, AUM, CUMV, INHS, ROM, SIUC, TU, UF, UGAMNH, UAIC, UK, UMMZ, UT (190), USNM, Northeastern La. Univ. (6). Plus additional non-typpe material. Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:283 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma scotti Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead 1995 -- (Mettee et al. 1996:665 [ref. 25836], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:560 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma scotti Bauer, Etnier & Burkhead 1995. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Alabama and Georgia (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

scovellii, Etheostoma Woolman [A. J.] 1892:260 [American Naturalist v. 26 (no. 303); ref. 12393] Río de las Conchos, Chihuahua, Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 44155. Paralectotypes: (several) BMNH 1892.12.30.186-188 (3); CAS 22856 [ex IU 4841] (3); USNM 197970 [ex USNM 44155] (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:38-39 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected in Collette & Knapp 1967:38 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889 -- (Page 1983:141 [ref. 22189], Fricke et al. 2024:543 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma australe Jordan 1889. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

segrex, Etheostoma Norris [S. M.] & Minckley [W. L.] 1997:170, Fig. 9 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 23278] Río Salado de los Nadadores at El Cariño de la Montaña, 27°00'N, 101°48'W, Coahuila, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 233090. Paratypes: ASU 918 (44, 3 c&s), 1728 (3), 5985 (11, 2 c&s); IBUNAM-P 8811 (15); TU 84762 (4), 87573 (35); UANL 2961 (5), 7315 (1); UMMZ 179174 (8), 179815 (1), 179824 (42). Type catalog: Contreras-Balderas et al. 1998:6 [ref. 23752]. •Valid as Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley 1997 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller et al. 2006:337 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:544 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma segrex Norris & Minckley 1997. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río Salado de los Nadadores drainage, Coahuila, Atlantic Slope (Mexico) endemic. Possibly extinct. Habitat: freshwater.

sellaris, Hadropterus Radcliffe [L.] & Welsh [W. W.] 1913:31, Pl. 18 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 32 (Doc. 773) (for 1912); ref. 14974] Swan Creek, near Havre de Grace, Maryland, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 74346. Paratypes: USNM 74347 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:48 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma (subgenus Mooreichthys) sellare (Radcliffe & Walsh 1913) -- (Stephens et al. 2014:542 [ref. 33552]). •Valid as Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh 1913) -- (Lee et al. 1980:691 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:82 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:72 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:294 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma sellare (Radcliffe & Welsh 1913). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Maryland (U.S.A.) [extinct]. Habitat: freshwater.

sequatchiense, Etheostoma blennius Burr [B. M.] 1979:198, Figs. 1c-d [Copeia 1979 (no. 2); ref. 9006] Sequatchie River, 1.6 kilometers southeast of Ninemile, Bledsoe County, Tennessee, U.S.A., 35°39'N, 85°07'W. Holotype: INHS 77589. Paratypes: CUMV 22077 (3), 42120 (8); INHS 77007 (10); TU 33461 (1); UAIC 1677 (3), 2775 (9); UF 14633 (8), 15540 (10); UMMZ 168121 (93), 168142 (10). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:57 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:283 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma sequatchiense Burr 1979. •Synonym of Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain 1887, but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2008:22 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:547 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma blennius Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Sequatchie River drainage, Tennessee, U.S.A. [subspecies sequatchiense]. Habitat: freshwater.

serrifer, Hololepis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:31, Pls. 1 (fig. 2), 2 (fig. 3) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Buffalo Creek at Wendell, Wake County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 107053. Paratypes: UMMZ 70705 (1), 94658 (2), 107054-67 (total 25), 107073-75 (1, 2, 2); USNM 86163 (1), 93132-33 (1, 2), 200330-37 (1, 5, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 3); CHM 34.215.1 (1), 33.260.1 (2), 33.264.1 (1), 34.177.1 (2), 34.179.1 (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:50-51 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma serriferum (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Collette 1962:125 [ref. 5865], Lee et al. 1980:692 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:160 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:323 [ref. 18983]). •Valid as Etheostoma serrifer (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:882 [ref. 21581], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:599 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma serrifer (Hubbs & Cannon 1935). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Virginia and Georgia (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

simoterum, Hyostoma Cope [E. D.] 1868:215, Pl. [24] 28 (fig. 5) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 6 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 909] Holston River and its tributaries, Virginia, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5368-74 (7), 14036-38 (3), 14039-54 (16), 14499-503 (5); MNHN 0000-4856 (1); USNM 36604 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:53 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:139 [ref. 13621], Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:80 [ref. 12478]. •Valid as Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868) -- (Lee et al. 1980:693 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:95 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:76 [ref. 22189], Etnier & Bailey 1989:9 [ref. 20134], Page & Burr 1991:299 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:120 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:526 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:835 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:310 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:667 [ref. 25836], Fuller et al. 1999:384 [ref. 25838], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:556 [ref. 27995], Powers & Mayden 2007:7 [ref. 29367], Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:552 [ref. 31215], Harrington & Near 2012:64 [ref. 31699], Page et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Near et al. 2016:142 [ref. 34865], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

sitikuense, Etheostoma Blanton [R. E.] in Blanton & Jenkins 2008:17, Fig. 4c [Zootaxa No. 1963; ref. 29947] Citico Creek at pool just above bridge at Cherokee Forest Service Boundary, Monroe County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: UF 172574. Paratypes: TU 191558 (2), UF 172574 (2), USNM 394526 (2). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Etheostoma sitikuense Blanton 2008 -- (Scharpf 2009:20 [ref. 30400], Page & Burr 2011:594 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma sitikuense Blanton 2008. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Little Tennessee River system, eastern Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

smithi, Etheostoma (Catonotus) Page [L. M.] & Braasch [M. E.] 1976:2, Figs. 1, 2 (left), 3a-c [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 60; ref. 21606] Ferguson Creek, 3 kilometers east of Smithland, Livingston County, Kentucky, U.S.A., 37°06'N, 87°24'W. Holotype: INHS 75013. Paratypes: INHS 75014 (13), KU 16227 (14), NLU 32515 (13), TU 95964 (13), UAIC 5021.01 (12), UMMZ 197498 (24), USNM 214525 (24), UT 91.1099 (8). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:61 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:283 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch 1976 -- (Lee et al. 1980:694 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:152 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:150 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:322 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:528 [ref. 22809], Page et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27127], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:32 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:595 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Near & Thomas 2015:136 [ref. 34008], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma smithi Page & Braasch 1976. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

spectabilis, Poecilichthys Agassiz [L.] 1854:304 [10] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 17; ref. 69] Osage River, Missouri, U.S.A. Lectotype: UMMZ 86340 [ex MCZ]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 24503 + 24529 + 24722 (21), 42077 (3); UMMZ 179528 (6); USNM 120284 [ex MCZ 24503] (5), 196738 [ex USNM 24503] (1); SMNS 1231 (3). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:67 [ref. 20211]. On p. 10 of separate. Lectotype selected in Collette & Knapp 1967:67 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854) -- (Lee et al. 1980:695 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:143 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:439 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:314 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:529 [ref. 22809], Baxter & Stone 1995:248 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:313 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:229 [ref. 23394], Hrabik 1996:2 [ref. 25551], Ceas & Page 1997:508 [ref. 22902], Fuller et al. 1999:487 [ref. 25838], Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Bailey et al. 2004:197 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:372 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:32 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:578 [ref. 31215] with 3 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Lake Erie and Mississippi River basins: Michigan and Ohio to Texas (central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

spilotum, Etheostoma nianguae Gilbert [C. H.] 1887:53 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] Sturgeon Creek, a tributary of Kentucky River, near Traveler's Rest, Owsley County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 38319. Paralectotypes: (11) CAS-SU 4036 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:73 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:33-34 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1044 [ref. 2443]. •Synonym of Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883) -- (Page 1983:59 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma sagitta (Jordan & Swain 1883) but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2008:31 [ref. 30399]). •Valid as Etheostoma spilotum Gilbert 1887 -- (Page & Burr 2011:569 [ref. 31215], Thomas et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40218], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma spilotum Gilbert 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

squamiceps, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] 1877:11 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum [v. 1] No. 10; ref. 2374] Russellville, Logan County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1145 [not 1345]. Paralectotypes: USNM 197968 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:39 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected in Collette & Knapp 1967:39 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan 1877 -- (Lee et al. 1980:696 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:153 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:146 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:318 [ref. 18983], Page et al. 1992:631 [ref. 19865], Etnier & Starnes 1993:532 [ref. 22809], Poly & Wilson 1998:6 [ref. 26025], Ross et al. 2001:477 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:32 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:587 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan 1877. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee (eastern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

squamosum, Etheostoma spectabile Distler [D. A.] 1968:173, Pl. (fig. A) [Kansas University Science Bulletin v. 48 (no. 5); ref. 17402] Indian Creek, tributary of Elk River, 2.5 miles southwest of Sweetwater, Newton County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 7476. Paratypes: KU 7477 (33), UMMZ 188901 [ex KU] (5), USNM 204130 [ex UK 7477] (5). •Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lee et al. 1980:695 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:439 [ref. 23393], Cross & Collins 1995:230 [ref. 23394], Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Scharpf 2008:32 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:578 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaeum, Boleosoma Jordan [D. S.] 1877:311 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] Etowah River, tributary of Coosa River near Rome, Floyd County, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 20645. Paralectotypes: ANSP 20646-48 (3); BMNH 1883.12.14.33 (1); USNM 17880 (5). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:19 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:139 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 2009:160 [ref. 30728] Lectotype selected by Bailey et al. 1954:142 [ref. 20218]. •Valid as Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877) -- (Lee et al. 1980:697 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:101 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:81 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:441 [ref. 23393], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:385 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:293 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:120 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:533 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:838 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Cross & Collins 1995:231 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:669 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:489 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:374 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:557 [ref. 27995], Layman & Mayden 2009:166 [ref. 30060], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:541 [ref. 31215], Layman & Mayden 2012:8 [ref. 32285], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Robins et al. 2018:328 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan 1877). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: central and southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

striatulum, Etheostoma Page [L. M.] & Braasch [M. E.] 1977:1, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a-b [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas No. 63; ref. 7273] Wartrace Creek, 2 kilometers eastern Bell Buckle, 35°30'N, 86°22'W, Bedford County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 75035. Paratypes: INHS 75036-37 (16, 9); KU 16209 (1), 16211 (2), 16218 (1); NLU 33947 (10); TU 97493 (10); UAIC 2534 (3), 2858 (3); UMMZ 121269 (9), 121295 (5); USNM 213789 (10); UT 91.1174 (10). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:61 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:284 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch 1977 -- (Lee et al. 1980:698 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:154 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:151 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:322 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:537 [ref. 22809], Page et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27127], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:597 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Near & Thomas 2015:136 [ref. 34008], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma striatulum Page & Braasch 1977. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Duck River system, Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

susanae, Boleosoma Jordan [D. S.] & Swain [J.] 1883:249 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 6 (no. 378); ref. 10648] Cumberland River near Pleasant View, tributary of Clear Fork, Whitley County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36501. Paralectotypes: USNM 197634 [ex USNM 36501] (7). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:19 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected in Collette & Knapp 1967:19 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque 1820, but a valid subspecies -- (Page 1983:84 [ref. 22189], Ross et al. 2001:480 [ref. 25978], Page & Burr 2011:538 [ref. 31215]). •Valid as Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain 1883) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], MacGuigan et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40852], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma susanae (Jordan & Swain 1883). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

swaini, Poecilichthys Jordan [D. S.] 1884:479 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 451); ref. 10625] Tributary of Pearl River at Monticello, Lawrence County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 35308. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:67 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma swaini (Jordan 1884) -- (Lee et al. 1980:699 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:145 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:129 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:315 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:121 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:538 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Wood 1996:300 [ref. 22394], Mettee et al. 1996:671 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:490 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:559 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:582 [ref. 31215], Suttkus et al. 2012:18 [ref. 32288], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:330 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma swaini (Jordan 1884). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky to Gulf states (southern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

swannanoa, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] in Jordan 1889:360, Pl. 45 (fig. 13) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 723); ref. 10478] South Fork of Holston River at Holstein Mills, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 39861. Paralectotypes: (should be 9) CAS-SU 992 (2), 3507 (1); ?UMMZ uncat. [ex IU] (1); USNM 125490 (1), 196777 [ex USNM 39861] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:39-40 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected in Collette & Knapp 1967:39 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann 1889 -- (Lee et al. 1980:700 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:83 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:65 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:296 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:540 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:819 [ref. 21581], Nelson et al. 2004:135 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:546 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma swannanoa Jordan & Evermann 1889. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: upper Tennessee River basin, Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

tallapoosae, Etheostoma (Ulocentra) Suttkus [R. D.] & Etnier [D. A.] 1991:3, Fig. 1 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 28 (no. 1); ref. 20090] Gold Branch, tributary to Channahatchee Creek, 6 miles north of Eclectic, Alabama highway 63, Elmore County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 158215. Paratypes: ANSP 167316 (4), AUM (11 lots, 77), CUMV 72359 (4), INHS 59305 (4), SIUC 18163 (4), UAIC (20 lots, 132), UF 84454 (4), UGAMNH 2167 (4), UMMZ 218251 (4), USNM 314352 (4), UT (3 lots, 24). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:61-62 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:284 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier 1991 -- (Boschung 1992:121 [ref. 23239], Suttkus et al. 1994:97 [ref. 21393], Bauer et al. 1995:11 [ref. 22529], Mettee et al. 1996:673 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:560 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:557 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma tallapoosae Suttkus & Etnier 1991. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Georgia and Alabama (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

tecumsehi, Etheostoma Ceas [P. A.] & Page [L. M.] 1997:516, Fig. 1F [Copeia 1997 (no. 3); ref. 22902] Unnamed tributary, West Fork Pond River, 6.4 kilometers northwest of Fruit Hill at Johnson Mill Road, Christian County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 37504. Paratypes: INHS 32703 (12), 36033 (10); SIUC 25126 (5); TU 177763 (5); UAIC 11346.01 (5); UMMZ 231176 (5); USNM 339903 (5); UT 91.4752 (5). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:284 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page 1997 -- (Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Cicerello & Butler 2007:2 [ref. 39853], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:581 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma tecumsehi Ceas & Page 1997. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Green River drainage, Kentucky (U.S.A.) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

teddyroosevelt, Etheostoma Layman [S. R.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2012:29, Fig. 3, 16 [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bull. 30; ref. 32285] Spring River at Kansas Hwy 96, Cherokee County, Kansas, USA. Holotype: UAIC 10460.21. Paratypes: KU, INHS, SIUC, UAIC, USNM, UT, TU, NLU, USNM, UMMZ. •Valid as Etheostoma teddyroosevelt Layman & Mayden 2012 -- (Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma teddyroosevelt Layman & Mayden 2012. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri, Arkansas, southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

tennesseense, Etheostoma Powers [S. L.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2007:12, Figs. 3C, 4C, 5C [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 25; ref. 29367] Clinch River at Frost Ford along Jimmie Roberts Road, Hancock County, Tennessee, U.S.A. (36°31'52"N, 83°09'02"W). Holotype: UAIC 13682.01. Paratypes: UAIC 13682.02 (21), 12433.30 (15), 12495.05 (39); INHS 96333 (2), SIUC 48974 (2); TU 195081 (2); USNM 372743 (2); UT 91.6380 (2). •Valid as Etheostoma tennesseense Powers & Mayden 2007 -- (Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:553 [ref. 31215], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241]). •Synonym of Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868) -- (Harrington & Near 2012:64 [ref. 31699], Near et al. 2016:143 [ref. 34865]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tessellatum, Boleosoma DeKay [J. E.] 1842:20, Pl. 20 (fig. 57) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Most streams of New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: New York State coll. (not found). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:19-20 [ref. 20211]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Etheostoma by Cottogaster tessellatus Thompson 1853; but that preoccupation set aside by the 2000 code. •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:333 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tessellatus, Hadropterus Jordan [D. S.] 1877:7 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum [v. 1] No. 10; ref. 2374] Allegheny River at Foxburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1199. Paralectotypes: USNM 197416 [ex USNM 1199] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:48-49 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:48 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma variatum Kirtland 1840 -- (Page 1983:63 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma variatum Kirtland 1840. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tetrazonus, Poecilichthys Hubbs [C. L.] & Black [J. D.] 1940:11, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 416; ref. 10848] Big Niangua River at mouth of Greasy Creek, tributary of the Osage River drainage, 6 miles southeast of Buffalo, Dallas County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 111330. Paratypes: UMMZ 124600 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:67 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black 1940) -- (Lee et al. 1980:701 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:84 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:61 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:297 [ref. 18983], Switzer & Wood 2002:450 [ref. 26023], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:33 [ref. 30399], Switzer & Wood 2009:1 [ref. 30415], Page & Burr 2011:548 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma tetrazonum (Hubbs & Black 1940). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Gasconade, Osage and Moreau river drainages, Missouri (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

thalassinus, Nothonotus Jordan [D. S.] & Brayton [A. W.] 1878:13 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 12; ref. 2436] Saluda River near Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 31122. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1880.1.21.68 (1), MCZ 24397 (1), CAS-SU 987 (6), USNM 257921 (2). Possible paralectotypes: MNHN A-5204 to 5206 (11, 12, 12). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:55 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1072 [ref. 2443] and confirmed by Collette & Knapp 1967:55 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma thalassinum (Jordan & Brayton 1878) -- (Lee et al. 1980:702 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:85 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:64 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:295 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:34 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:545 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:544 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:201 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma thalassinum (Jordan & Brayton 1878). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: North Carolina and South Carolina (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

thermophilus, Hololepis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:63, Pl. 1 (fig. 10) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Kipling, Harnett County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 107072. Paratypes: UMMZ 107068-71 (1, 1, 1, 2); USNM 52060 (8), 52071 (6), 86160 (2), 86165 (9), 200239 (2). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:51-52 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854) -- (Collette 1962:151 [ref. 5865], Page 1983:156 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

thompsoni, Etheostoma Suttkus [R. D.], Bart [H. L., Jr.] & Etnier [D. A.] 2012:8, Fig. 1-2 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 32; ref. 32288] Neches River, along right (west) back just below Town Bluff dam, at Town Bluff, Tyley County, Texas, USA. Holotype: TU 200366. Paratypes: CUMV, FM, TU, UAIC, UMMZ, USNM, UT. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Etheostoma thompsoni Suttkus, Bart & Etnier 2012 -- (Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma thompsoni Suttkus, Bart & Etnier 2012. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana (U.S.A.) Habitat: freshwater.

transversum, Poecilosoma Abbott [C. C.] 1860:326 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 12; ref. 15620] Locality unknown. Lectotype: ANSP 13810. Paralectotypes: ANSP 13811-19 (9). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:70-71 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:139 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:14 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845 -- (Page 1983:133 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer 1845. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

trisella, Etheostoma Bailey [R. M.] & Richards [W. J.] 1963:14, Pl. 1 (D, E); Fig. 1 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 630; ref. 3964] Cowans Creek, tributary of Spring Creek, 6.7 miles southeast of Centre, Cherokee County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): UMMZ 180073 [ex CUMV 18579]. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:41 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma trisella Bailey & Richards 1963 -- (Lee et al. 1980:704 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:128 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:117 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:311 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:121 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:543 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:675 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:561 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:34 [ref. 30399], Mayden 2010:716 [ref. 31085], Page & Burr 2011:573 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma trisella Bailey & Richards 1963. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Georgia, Alabama and southeastern Tennessee (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

tuscumbia, Etheostoma (Etheostoma) Gilbert [C. H.] & Swain [J.] in Gilbert 1887:63 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 607); ref. 17814] Stream flowing from the large spring at Tuscumbia, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36154 (now fragments). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1894.5.18.26-27 (2); CAS 22855 [ex IU 4768] (4); CAS-SU 1003 (30), 2683 (2); ?UMMZ 61717 (2), UMMZ 187512 [ex IU] (44, poor condition). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:74 [ref. 12291], Collette & Knapp 1967:41 [ref. 20211] as syntypes. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 176, p. 3271 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. •Valid as Etheostoma tuscumbia Gilbert & Swain 1887 -- (Lee et al. 1980:705 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:69 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:58 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:311 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:121 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:545 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:677 [ref. 25836], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:562 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:34 [ref. 30399], Mayden 2010:716 [ref. 31085], Page & Burr 2011:573 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:545 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma tuscumbia Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Alabama and Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

uniporum, Etheostoma spectabile Distler [D. A.] 1968:159, Pl. (fig. D) [Kansas University Science Bulletin v. 48 (no. 5); ref. 17402] Pigeon Creek, headwater tributary of Current River, Dent County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 7478. Paratypes: KU 7479 and 7480 (230); UMMZ 188903 [ex KU 7480] (10); USNM 204128 [ex UK 7480] (10). •Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lee et al. 1980:695 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189], Robison & Buchanan 1988:439 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Etheostoma uniporum Distler 1968 -- (Ceas & Page 1997:510 [ref. 22902], Ceas & Burr 2002:213 [ref. 26533], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:34 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:580 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma uniporum Distler 1968. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Missouri and Arkansas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

uphapeense, Etheostoma rupestre Hilburn [B. G.], Janosik [A. M.] & Johnston [C. E.] 2023:167, Fig. 8C [Zootaxa 5343 (no. 2); ref. 40456] Uphapee Creek, Interstate-85, 32.4745°, -85.6881°. Holotype: USNM 398679. Paratypes: AUM, UAIC, USNM. •Synonym of Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887, but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma rupestre Gilbert & Swain 1887. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Coosa and Tallapoosa basins of eastern Alabama, northwest Georgia and extreme southeastern Tennessee, U.S.A. [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater.

variata, Etheostoma Kirtland [J. P.] 1840:274 [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 3 (nos 1-2) (art. 3); ref. 18403] Mahoning River, tributary to Big Bear and Ohio rivers, Ohio, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:42 [ref. 20211]. Appeared first without distinguishing features in Kirtland 1838:168, 192 [ref. 18399]. •Valid as Etheostoma variatum Kirtland 1840 -- (Lee et al. 1980:706 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:86 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:63 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:333 [ref. 22186], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:388 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:297 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:823 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:315 [ref. 23376], Switzer & Wood 2002:450 [ref. 26023], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:34 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:548 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:545 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma variatum Kirtland 1840. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: New York south to Virginia (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

verecundum, Etheostoma Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] in Jordan 1889:360, Pl. 45 (fig. 12) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 723); ref. 10478] Middle Fork of Holston River, about 5 miles south of Glade Spring, Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 39862. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:42 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868) -- (Page 1983:76 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma simoterum (Cope 1868). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

versicolor, Poecilichthys Agassiz [L.] 1854:304 [10] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 17; ref. 69] Small creeks near Quincy, Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 1822. Paralectotypes: USNM 1816 (now mixed in MCZ 24722), USNM 197493 [ex USNM 1822] (5). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:67-68 [ref. 20211]. On p. 10 of separate. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:67 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854) -- (Page 1983:136 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz 1854). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

vexillare, Boleosoma Jordan [D. S.] 1880:235 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 84); ref. 2381] Rappahannock River at Warrenton, Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:20 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 -- (Page 1983:85 [ref. 22189]). •Synonym of Etheostoma olmstedi Storer 1842 but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2008:28 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:539 [ref. 31215]). •Valid as Etheostoma vexillare (Jordan 1880) -- (MacGuigan et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40852], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 38 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma vexillare (Jordan 1880). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Virginia and North Carolina (U.S.A.). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

vinctipes, Nanostoma Jordan [D. S.] 1880:236 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 84); ref. 2381] Tributary of Illinois River at Naperville, Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 23454. Paralectotypes: (4, not found). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:54 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1075 [ref. 2443]. •Synonym of Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868) -- (Page 1983:73 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

virgatus, Poecilichthys Jordan [D. S.] 1880:236 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 84); ref. 2381] Rock Castle River at Livingston, Kentucky, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 23456. Paralectotypes: (numerous) BMNH (1, not found), UMMZ 187511 [ex IU] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:68 [ref. 20211]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:1093 [ref. 2443]. •Valid as Etheostoma virgatum (Jordan 1880) -- (Lee et al. 1980:707 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:155 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:149 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:321 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:546 [ref. 22809], Page et al. 2003:521 [ref. 27127], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:34 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:596 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Near & Thomas 2015:136 [ref. 34008], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma virgatum (Jordan 1880). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

vitreus, Poecilichthys Cope [E. D.] 1870:263 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (for 7 Jan. 1870); ref. 14127] Walnut Creek, tributary of Neuse River, Wake County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:140 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Etheostoma vitreum (Cope 1870) -- (Lee et al. 1980:708 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:107 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:92 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:291 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:852 [ref. 21581], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2008:34 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:532 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:545 [ref. 33552], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma vitreum (Cope 1870). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Maryland and North Carolina (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

warreni, Boleichthys Girard [C. F.] 1859:104 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Cannon Ball River, North Dakota, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MCZ 32952. Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:13 [ref. 20211]. •Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859) -- (Page 1983:152 [ref. 22189]). Current status: Synonym of Etheostoma exile (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

whipplii, Boleichthys Girard [C. F.] 1859:103 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27409] Coal Creek, tributary of Arkansas River, eastern Oklahoma, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24569 [ex USNM 1333 and MCZ 41] (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:13 [ref. 20211]. The original spelling whipplii is an acceptable spelling, but based on Art. 33.2.3.1 of the Code, the spelling whipplei can be retained. •Valid as Etheostoma whipplei [rarely as whipplii] (Girard 1859) -- (Lee et al. 1980:709 [ref. 22416], Page 1983:121 [ref. 22189], Retzer et al. 1986:631 [ref. 22453], Robison & Buchanan 1988:442 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:312 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:121 [ref. 23239], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Cross & Collins 1995:232 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:681 [ref. 25836], Piller et al. 2001:804 [ref. 25456], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:376 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2008:35 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:574 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma whipplei (Girard 1859). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America.: Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and Oklahoma (southern-central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

xanthovum, Etheostoma Wood [J. E.] & Near [T. J.] in Wood, Harrington, Alley, Thomas, Simmons & Near 2023:21, Figs. 2A-B [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 64 (no. 1); ref. 40115] Trace Creek, West Fork Clarks River, Graves County, Kentucky, latitude 36.82442, longitude -88.550567. Holotype: YPM ICH 035454. Paratypes: INHS, UAIC, UF, UT, YPM. Plus additional non-type material. In Fig. 2 misspelled Etheostoma xanothovum. •Valid as Etheostoma xanthovum Wood & Near 2023 -- (Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 38 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma xanthovum Wood & Near 2023. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Clarks River drainage, Tennessee River basin, western Kentucky and Tennessee (U.S.A.). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

zonalis, Poecilichthys Cope [E. D.] 1868:212, Pl. [24] 28 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 6 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 909] Holston River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 13799. Paralectotypes: ANSP 13800-01 (2), UMMZ 187507 (4). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:70 [ref. 20211], Böhlke 1984:140 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype selected by Collette & Knapp 1967:70 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868) -- (Lee et al. 1980:710 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:87 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:73 [ref. 22189], Smith 1986:335 [ref. 22186], Etnier & Starnes 1986:832 [ref. 22455], Robison & Buchanan 1988:444 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:298 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:122 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:550 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:832 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:316 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:233 [ref. 23394], Turner et al. 1996:2023 [ref. 25532], Mettee et al. 1996:683 [ref. 25836], Fuller et al. 1999:384 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:45 [ref. 26594], Bailey et al. 2004:198 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:378 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:565 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:35 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:549 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Stephens et al. 2014:545 [ref. 33552], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma zonale (Cope 1868). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: eastern and central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

zonifer, Hololepis Hubbs [C. L.] & Cannon [M. D.] 1935:47, Pls. 1 (fig. 5), 2 (fig. 6) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 30; ref. 2255] Pools of Catoma Creek, 5 miles southwest of Montgomery, Montgomery County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 88803. Paratypes: UMMZ 88822 (1). Type catalog: Collette & Knapp 1967:52 [ref. 20211]. •Valid as Etheostoma zoniferum (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Collette 1962:148 [ref. 5865], Lee et al. 1980:711 [ref. 22416], Kuehne & Barbour 1983:160 [ref. 38055], Page 1983:155 [ref. 22189], Page & Burr 1991:325 [ref. 18983]). •Valid as Etheostoma zonifer (Hubbs & Cannon 1935) -- (Boschung 1992:122 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:685 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:493 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:566 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:35 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:600 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:331 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma zonifer (Hubbs & Cannon 1935). Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: North America: Alabama, Mississippi and Florida (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

zonistium, Etheostoma Bailey [R. M.] & Etnier [D. A.] 1988:39, Pl. 1 (lower) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 175; ref. 6873] Leath Creek, tributary to Chambers Creek, Hardin County, Tennesse, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 213926. Paratypes: AMNH 55780 (14); AUM; CAS 56328 (4); CUMV; INHS 68218 (6); KU; LACM 43798-1; NLU 56291 (14); OS; OSM; OSUS; SIUC; TU; UF 42061 (4); UIAC; UMMZ 213927 (16); UOMZ; USNM 270858 (10); UT; plus more at UMMZ. Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:61 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:285 [ref. 23225]. •Valid as Etheostoma zonistium Bailey & Etnier 1988 -- (Carney & Burr 1989 [ref. 13825], Page & Burr 1991:301 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:122 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:552 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:687 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:495 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:136 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:567 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2008:35 [ref. 30399], Page & Burr 2011:556 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:140 [ref. 32708], Kozal et al. 2017:280 [ref. 35621], Bagley et al. 2023:321 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Etheostoma zonistium Bailey & Etnier 1988. Percidae: Etheostomatinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.