Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Haemulon: [ 66 ] records

acutum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:180 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. Published July 1860. •Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:90 [ref. 21095] as parrai, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

albidum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:181 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. Published July 1860. •Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:90 [ref. 21095] as parrai, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

album, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:241 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] St. Thomas Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7840 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:35 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Haemulon album Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:101 [ref. 21095], Cervigón 1982:12 [ref. 23220], Robins & Ray 1986:178 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:140 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:331 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:189 [ref. 24474], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:261 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:110 [ref. 26784], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1533 [ref. 27094], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:367 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:922 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:54 [ref. 33341], Parenti 2019:158 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:155 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho 2023:165 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon album Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

angustum, Bathystoma aurolineatum Ginsburg [I.] 1948:155 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 33 (pt 3, no. 11); ref. 13053] Bermuda. Holotype: USNM 20178. Paratypes: USNM 12708 (1), 21375 (22), 144166 (6). •Synonym of Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:118 [ref. 21095], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:262 [ref. 25013], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

arara, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:177 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes or Poey specimens: MCZ 349 (2, missing), 10545 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:199 [ref. 22926] with 10545 as holotype. •Synonym of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Courtenay 1961:111 [ref. 21095] as plumieri, Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

arcuatum, Haemulon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:481 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7759. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:35 [ref. 21546]. See Goode & Bean 1885:207 [ref. 1841]. •Synonym of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Courtenay 1961:111 [ref. 21095] as plumieri, Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

atlanticus, Haemulon Carvalho [C. O.], Marceniuk [A. P.], Oliveira [C.] & Wosiacki [W. B.] 2020:Figs. 1A-C, 2A, 2C [Zoology v. 141 (Art. 125782); ref. 37554] Amapá, Brazil, 3°47'N, 50°22'W. Holotype: MPEG 35708. Paratypes: ANSP, AZUSC, LBP, MPEG, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. Based on the former Atlantic population of Haemulon steindachneri •Valid as Haemulon atlanticus Carvalho, Marceniuk, Oliveira & Wosiacki 2020 -- (Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:566 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:164 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon atlanticus Carvalho, Marceniuk, Oliveira & Wosiacki 2020. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Costa Rica south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including southern Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

aurolineatum, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:237 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] San Domingo; Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7758 (3), 0000-7769 (2); SMF 2007 [ex MNHN in 1830] (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:36 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:116 [ref. 21095], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:357 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:178 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:140 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:331 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:190 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Rocha & Rosa 1999:447 [ref. 23802], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:336 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:262 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1534 [ref. 27094], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:84 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:368 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:922 [ref. 29817], García-Hernández et al. 2009:93 [ref. 37265], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:54 [ref. 33341], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:163 [ref. 37485], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Spier et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36103], Parenti 2019:158 [ref. 37021], Ribeiro et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36717], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:567 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:165 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

bonariense, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:234 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7773. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:36 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:104 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:180 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:332 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:192 [ref. 24474], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:335 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:262 [ref. 25013], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1535 [ref. 27094], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:369 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Nión et al. 2016:48 [ref. 35565] with author as (Cuvier 1830), Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho 2023:165 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:114 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Antilles south to Prieto (northern Argentina), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

boschmae, Pristipoma Metzelaar [J.] 1919:83, Fig. 27 [Report on the fishes; ref. 2982] West Indies, possibly Curaçao. Holotype (unique): ZMA 112928. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:89 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Haemulon boschmae (Metzelaar 1919) -- (Courtenay 1965 [ref. 21096], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:358 [ref. 14275], Cervigón 1992:332 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:194 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Rocha & Rosa 1999:447 [ref. 23802], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1536 [ref. 27094], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:370 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021], Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:568 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:166 [ref. 40480], Acero P. & Tavera 2023:6 [ref. 40763], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon boschmae (Metzelaar 1919). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Colombia south to northeastern Brazil, including southern Caribbean Sea; southern Gulf of Mexico [Mexican subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

brevirostrum, Haemulon Günther [A.] 1868:418, Fig. [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 6 (pt 7, no. 14); ref. 1994] Panama; Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.11.4.6-8 (3). •Synonym of Haemulon scudderii Gill 1862 -- (Hong 1977:496 [ref. 21409], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon scudderii Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

canna, Haemulon Agassiz [L.] 1831:130, Pl. 69 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Brazil. Attributed to Cuvier, based on unpublished information. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Haemulon canna Cuvier 1830. •Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:89 [ref. 21095] as parrai, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

canna, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:233 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Martinique Island, West Indies. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7755 (1), 0000-7765 (1), 0000-7767 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:36 [ref. 21546]. Regarded as preoccupied in Haemulon by Courtenay 1961:104 [ref. 21095], but that would be by Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz 1831 (not 1830). Subjectively invalid. We regard Courtenay 1961:104 [ref. 21095] as acting as first reviser, selecting bonariense Cuvier 1830 over canna Cuvier 1830. •In the synonymy of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:104 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

capeuna, Serranus Lichtenstein [M. H. C.] 1822:288 [Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1820-1821; ref. 17529] Originally as capéuna. Based on Capeuna Marcgrave and Grammistes trivittata Bloch & Schneider. •Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Courtenay 1961:124 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

carbonarium, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:176 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 10502 (3), USNM 76977 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:198 [ref. 22926]. •Valid as Haemulon carbonarium Poey 1860 -- (Courtenay 1961:97 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:178 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:332 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:195 [ref. 24474], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:263 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1537 [ref. 27094], Smith et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:371 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:54 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:569 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:70 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:167 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon carbonarium Poey 1860. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.), Bahamas and Yucatan (Mexico) south to Great Amazon Reef system (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

castroaguirrei, Haemulon boschmae Acero P. [A.] & Tavera [J.] 2023:4, Figs. 1-2 [Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 40763] Continental shelf, Tamaulipas, México, 23°41'02"N, 97°39'05"W. Holotype: CNP-IBUNAM 9358. Paratypes: CNP-IBUNAM 7291 (1), 1721 (1). •Synonym of Haemulon boschmae (Metzelaar 1919), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Haemulon boschmae (Metzelaar 1919). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Mexican part of Gulf of Mexico between the states of Taumalipas and Yucatán [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

caudimacula, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] 1829:176 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Havana, Cuba. Holotype: MNHN 0000-7774 (Parra's specimen). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:36 [ref. 21546] dating to 1830 reference with holotype as MNHN 7763 from Brazil, but if dated to 1829 then that specimen is not a type. Available from footnote as, "Haem caudimacula, N., ou uribaco, Margr. 177; et Diabase de Parra, Desm." Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:236 [ref. 999]. •Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:89 [ref. 21095] as parrai, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

chromis, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] (ex Broussonet) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:242 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Jamaica. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7756. Type catalog: Bauchot 1969:133 [ref. 20807], Bauchot et al. 1983:36 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:89 [ref. 21095] as parrai, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

continuum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1875:120 [46] [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 4 (for 13 Jan. 1875); ref. 3509] Cuba. Holotype: USNM. On p. 46 of separate. •Synonym of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:104 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

crysopterum, Haemulon Mowbray [L. L.] 1915:1298, Fig. [Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society v. 18 (no. 6); ref. 15001] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype: AMNH 4782. Spelled crysopterum two times, not chrysopterum. Not the same as Haemulon chrysopterum (Cuvier 1829). •Synonym of Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859 -- (Courtenay 1961:109 [ref. 21095] as macrostomum, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

dorsale, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:179 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes and/or Poey specimens: MCZ 326 (1), 10590 (1); ZMB 5964 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:198-199 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Haemulon melanura (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Courtenay 1961:82 [ref. 21095]). •Synonym of Haemulon melanurum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon melanurum (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

eckmani, Haemulon Lönnberg [E.] 1895:658 [Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar v. 52 (no. 9) (for 13 Nov. 1895); ref. 14585] Cape Haitien, Haiti, West Indies. Holotype (unique): ZMUU 568. Type catalog: Wallin 1996:61 [ref. 32133]. •Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:94 [ref. 21095] as ekmani, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

elegans, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] 1829:175 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Non-types: MNHN 0000-7749 (1), A-7839 (1, dry), 0000-4437 (2), plus one missing (regarded by Bauchot et al. as holotype); SMF 1088 [ex MNHN] (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:36 [ref. 21546] but dating to 1830 and with wrong types. Technically this is a replacement name for Anthias formosus Bloch. Available from footnote as, "Haem. elegans, N., ou Anthias formosus, Bl., 323." Also see Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:227 [ref. 999]. •Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Courtenay 1961:77 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

facis, Isaciops Miles [C.] 1953:274, Fig. [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 42 (no. 285); ref. 2999] Between Cabo de la Vela and Río Hacha, Goajira Peninsula, Caribbean Colombia, depth 40 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 153917. Paratypes: BMNH 1952.5.6.1 (1). •Synonym of Haemulon boschmae (Metzelaar 1919) -- (Courtenay 1965:42 [ref. 21096], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon boschmae (Metzelaar 1919). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

flaviguttatus, Haemulon Gill [T. N.] 1862:254 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Baja California, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 3681 (with no data). •Valid as Lythrulon flaviguttatum Gill 1862 -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:46 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Haemulon flaviguttatus Gill 1862 -- (Hong 1977:499 [ref. 21409]). •Valid as Haemulon flaviguttatum Gill 1862 -- (Lea & Rosenblatt 1992 [ref. 21793], Allen & Robertson 1994:147 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:120 [ref. 23101], McKay & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1153 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:179 [ref. 24545], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:335 [ref. 24550], Thomson et al. 2000:126 [ref. 25640], Moore & Herbinson 2002:179 [ref. 26939], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:123 [ref. 37547], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], Kells et al. 2016:246 [ref. 35888], González-Murcia et al. 2019:304 [ref. 36544], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021], Love et al. 2021:162 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon flaviguttatum Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

flavolineatus, Diabasis Desmarest [A. G.] 1823:195 [35], Pl. 1 (fig. 3) of separate [Mémoires de la Société linnéenne de Paris v. 2; ref. 1120] Cuba. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4440 (1), 0000-7766 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:32 [ref. 21546]. On p. 35 of separate, Fig. 1, unnumbered Pl. after p. 38. •Valid as Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:92 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:179 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:333 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:199 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Rocha & Rosa 1999:447 [ref. 23802], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:336 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:263 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:142 [ref. 27639], Collette et al. 2003:110 [ref. 26784], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1539 [ref. 27094], Smith et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:373 [ref. 28815], García-Hernández et al. 2009:93 [ref. 37265], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:54 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:70 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:165 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and North Carolina (U.S.A.) south to Trinidad and Tobago, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. (Records from Brazil based on misidentifications). Habitat: marine.

formosus, Anthias Bloch [M. E.] 1792:122 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 6; ref. 470] St. Croix Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): ZMB 939. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:84 [ref. 24282]. Still researching. •Valid as Diabasis formosus (Bloch 1792) -- (Herrera 1896:53 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:337 [ref. 24550], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

fremebundum, Haemulon Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1880:340 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 98); ref. 18135] Clearwater Harbor, Florida, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 23628 (2). •Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:94 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

heterodon, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] 1829:176 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Cuba. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4440 (1), 0000-7766 (1). Non-type: MNHN 0000-7842 (1, dry) Martinique. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:36-37 [ref. 21546] but dated to 1830 reference. Available from footnote as, "Haem. heterodon ou duabase rayée, Desmar., Dict. class. d'hist. nat." Also see Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:235, Pl. 121 [ref. 999]. •Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:92 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

hians, Haemulon Haly [A.] 1875:268 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 15 (no. 88) (art. 35); ref. 18241] Bahia, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1862.1.30.37-38 (2). •Questionably a synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Courtenay 1961:79 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Uncertain as Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

jeniguano, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:183 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: ?MCZ 1080. Poey specimens: MCZ 330 (1), 1079 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:200 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:116 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

kneri, Pristipoma Steindachner [F.] 1869:125 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 6 (no. 16) (for 17 June 1869); ref. 20469] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): NMW. Spelling of species originally as above, but name changed to knerii when later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1869:122 [p. 3 of separate], Pl. 2, [ref. 4216]. •Synonym of Haemulon sexfasciatum Gill 1862. Current status: Synonym of Haemulon sexfasciatum Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

lateralis, Diabasis Vaillant [L. L.] in Vaillant & Bocourt 1883:180 [Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique centrale Part 4; ref. 4498] Jamaica. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-4817. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:32 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859 -- (Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

luteum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:174 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes and/or Poey specimens: MCZ 357 (1), 151391 [ex MCZ 1078a] (1); USNM 4701 (not found in 1980). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:199 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Courtenay 1961:78 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

macrostoma, Haemulon Günther [A.] 1859:308 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] Jamaica. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1848.1.12.981 (1 left hald skin), 1848.1.12.984-985 (2 left half skins). Also listed was Plate XVIII, but on preface p. vi it is stated, "The Plates referred to, and executed by Mr. Ford, will be published as a separate volume." The specific name macrostoma is an indeclinable noun. •Valid as Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859 -- (Courtenay 1961:108 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:179 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:333 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:210 [ref. 24474], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:263 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1540 [ref. 27094], Smith et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:374 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:173 [ref. 32953]. Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:54 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961] as macrostomum, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098] as macrostomum, Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho 2023:165 [ref. 40480] as macrostomum, Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southern Florida (U.S.A.) and Antilles south to Brazil, including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

maculicauda, Orthostoechus Gill [T. N.] 1862:255 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Cape San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Syntypes: ?MCZ 35967 [ex USNM 6557] (2), USNM 6557 (13), 212151 (4). •Valid as Haemulon maculicauda (Gill 1862) -- (Hong 1977:499 [ref. 21409], Allen & Robertson 1994:148 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:120 [ref. 23101], McKay & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1154 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:180 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:372 [ref. 24555], Thomson et al. 2000:126 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:123 [ref. 37547], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021], Love et al. 2021:162 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:20 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon maculicauda (Gill 1862). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Panama, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

maculosum, Haemulon Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1869:705 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869; ref. 14098] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7066. •Synonym of Haemulon sexfasciatum Gill 1862 -- (Hong 1977:497 [ref. 21409], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon sexfasciatum Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

margaritiferum, Haemulon Günther [A.] 1864:147 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 3) (for 22 Mar. 1864); ref. 13930] Pacific coast of Panama. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.1.26.351. •Synonym of Haemulon flaviguttatum Gill 1862 -- (Hong 1977:499 [ref. 21409], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon flaviguttatum Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

mazatlanum, Haemulon Steindachner [F.] 1869:126 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 6 (no. 16) (for 17 June 1869); ref. 20469] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Syntypes: NMW 35531-32 (2). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1869:130 [p. 12 of separate], Pl. 6, [ref. 4216]. •Synonym of Haemulon maculicauda (Gill 1862) -- (Hong 1977:499 [ref. 21409], Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon maculicauda (Gill 1862). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

melanura, Perca Linnaeus [C.] 1758:292 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Bahamas. No types known. Based on Catesby 1743:7, Pl. 7 (fig. 2). The specific name melanura [black tail] is an undeclinable noun. •Valid as Haemulon melanura (Linnaeus 1758) (often seen as melanurum) -- (Courtenay 1961:82 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:179 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:334 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:202 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Rocha & Rosa 1999:447 [ref. 23802], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:264 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1541 [ref. 27094], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:84 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:375 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:55 [ref. 33341], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:164 [ref. 37485], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961]). •Valid as Haemulon melanurum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:570 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:167 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon melanurum (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to Sergipe (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

microphthalmum, Haemulon Günther [A.] 1859:306 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 1; ref. 1961] America. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1842.12.13.4 (stuffed). Also listed was Plate XVII, but on preface p. vi it is stated, "The Plates referred to, and executed by Mr. Ford, will be published as a separate volume." •Synonym of Haemulon album Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:102 [ref. 21095]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon album Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

mowbrayi, Haemulon Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1927:505 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 15); ref. 2453] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Replacement name for Haemulon chrysopterum Mowbray 1915 [ref. 15001], preoccupied by Haemulon chrysopterum (Cuvier 1829). •Synonym of Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859 -- (Courtenay 1961:109 [ref. 21095] as macrostomum, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Haemulon macrostoma Günther 1859. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

multilineatum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:178 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Described syntype: MCZ 10478 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:199 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Courtenay 1961:79 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

notatum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:179 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes or Poey specimens: MCZ 376 (3). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:198 [ref. 22926] with 1 in MCZ 376 as a cotype. •Synonym of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:104 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

obliquatus, Diabasis Bennett [E. T.] 1830:90 [Zoological Journal, London v. 5 (for July 1829); ref. 20813] Jamaica. •Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Courtenay 1961:77 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

opalescens, Lythrulon Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan 1895:459, Pl. 40 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype: CAS-SU 2963. Paratypes: (2) BMNH 1895.5.27.54 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:77 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Haemulon flaviguttatum Gill 1862 -- (Hong 1977:499 [ref. 21409], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:335 [ref. 24550], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon flaviguttatum Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

parra, Diabasis Desmarest [A. G.] 1823:190 [30], Pl. 2 (fig. 4) of separate [Mémoires de la Société linnéenne de Paris v. 2; ref. 1120] Havana, Cuba. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7774. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:32 [ref. 21546]. On p. 30 of separate, Fig. 2, unnumbered Pl. after p. 38. Specific name is acceptable as parra. •Valid as Haemulon parrai [sic] (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:89 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:179 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:334 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:204 [ref. 24474], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802]). •Valid as Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:265 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:161 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909] as parrai, Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1542 [ref. 27094], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:84 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:144 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:376 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:55 [ref. 33341], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:571 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:70 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:165 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas and Florida (U.S.A.) south to Espíritu Santo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

plumierii, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Plumier) 1801:432, 480, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:99 [ref. 19171], Bauchot et al. 1983:46 [ref. 21546]. Based on manuscript description and drawing by Charles Plumier. Date is 1801, not 1802. •Valid as Haemulon plumieri (Lacepède 1801) -- (Courtenay 1961:111 [ref. 21095], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:355 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:179 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:140 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:334 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:206 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:337 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:264 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:84 [ref. 27192] dated 1802, Smith et al. 2003:35 [ref. 27621], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], García-Hernández et al. 2009:93 [ref. 37265], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:55 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Marceniuk et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:572 [ref. 38945]). •Valid as Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801) -- ( Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1541 [ref. 27094] dated 1802, Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:377 [ref. 28815], Lins Oliveira et al. 2015:165 [ref. 37485], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho 2023:166 [ref. 40480] as plumieri, Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Maryland (U.S.A.) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; introduced in Bermuda. IUCN (2020): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

quadrilineatum, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:238, Pl. 120 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7760 (2) San Dominique. •Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Courtenay 1961:124 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

quinquelineatum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1861:419 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: USNM 4702 or 10542. •Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

retrocurrens, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1867:236 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 14078] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:104 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon bonariense Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

rimator, Haemulon Jordan [D. S.] & Swain [J.] in Bean & Dresel 1884:158 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 418); ref. 12727] Charleston, South Carolina; Key West and Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. Syntypes: (4 +) BMNH 1884.7.7.112-115 (4) Key West; USNM 30076 (1), 30137 (1); 30070 (1) and 30120 (1) are missing. Based on Haemulon chrysopteron (non Linnaeus 1766) of Cuvier 1830:240 [ref. 999], Günther 1859:313 [ref. 1961], and Holbrook 1860:121, Pl. 17 (fig. 1) [ref. 2185]. Available according to ICZN Art. 12.1 and 12.2.1 as above based on literature citations. Also appeared as new in Jordan & Swain 1884:308 [ref. 2536] with different specimens. Syntypes based on the literature citations and the listed specimens. •Synonym of Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830 -- (Courtenay 1961:116 [ref. 21095], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:262 [ref. 25013]). •Valid as Haemulon rimator Jordan & Swain 1884 -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:336 [ref. 24550], Parenti 2019:159 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier 1830. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

schrankii, Haemulon Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:131, Pl. 69a [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. No types known. •Valid as Haemulon schrankii Agassiz 1831 -- (Courtenay 1961:127 [ref. 21095]). •Not treated by Rocha et al. 2008 [ref. 29817]. •Incertae sedis in Haemulon -- (Parenti 2019:185 [ref. 37021]). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

sciurus, Sparus Shaw [G.] 1803:439, Pl. 64 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Antilles. No types known. •Valid as Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Courtenay 1961:77 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:180 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:335 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:208 [ref. 24474], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:337 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:264 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1544 [ref. 27094], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:84 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:35 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:378 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:55 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36407], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:80 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:70 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:167 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: South Carolina and Florida (U.S.A.) south to Bahia (Brazil), including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

scudderii, Haemulon Gill [T. N.] 1862:253 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 3683. Paralectotypes: ?MCZ 1053 [ex USNM 3] (1), USNM 212148-49 (1, 1). Lectotype selected by Hong 1977:496 [ref. 21409]. •Valid as Haemulon scudderii Gill 1862 -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:46 [ref. 39147] as scudderi, Hong 1977:495 [ref. 21409], Allen & Robertson 1994:149 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:120 [ref. 23101], McKay & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1155 [ref. 22829] as scudderi, De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:181 [ref. 24545] as scudderi, Grove & Lavenberg 1997:404 [ref. 24023], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:338 [ref. 24550] as scudderi, Thomson et al. 2000:127 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:124 [ref. 37547] as scudderi, Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021], Love et al. 2021:162 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:20 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon scudderii Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

serratum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1860:181 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:90 [ref. 21095] as parrai, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon parra (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

sexfasciatus, Haemulon Gill [T. N.] 1862:254 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 3000. Paralectotypes: ?MCZ 1054 [ex USNM 3682] (1); USNM 212150 [ex USNM 3000] (1). Lectotype selected by Hong 1977:497 [ref. 21409]. •Valid as Haemulon sexfasciatum Gill 1862 -- (Hong 1977:497 [ref. 21409], Allen & Robertson 1994:149 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:120 [ref. 23101], McKay & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1156 [ref. 22829], McCosker & Humann 1996:19 [ref. 41107], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:182 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:405 [ref. 24023], Thomson et al. 2000:125 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:124 [ref. 37547], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], González-Murcia et al. 2019:304 [ref. 36544], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021], Love et al. 2021:162 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:20 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon sexfasciatum Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

similis, Hoemulon Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:11 [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:46 [ref. 21546]. Original genus should have been Haemulon. •Questionably a synonym of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw 1803) -- (Courtenay 1961:78 [ref. 21095]). •Incertae sedis in Lethrinidae -- (Allen et al. 2006:1240 [ref. 29090]). •Incertae sedis in Haemulon -- (Parenti 2019:186 [ref. 37021]). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

squamipinna, Haemulon Rocha [L. A.] & Rosa [I. L.] 1999:448, Figs. 1A-B [Copeia 1999 (no. 2); ref. 23802] Wreck of "Erie J.N.Y.", 07°05'106"S [sic], 35°44'802"W [sic], João Pessoa, Paraíba, Atlantic off Brazil, depth 16 meters. Holotype: UFPB 3512. Paratypes: MZUSP 51115 (5); UFPB 3364 (3), 3370 (3), 3510-11 (22, 3); USNM 342004 (5). •Valid as Haemulon squamipinna Rocha & Rosa 1999 -- (Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:85 [ref. 27192], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021], Carvalho-Filho 2023:166 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon squamipinna Rocha & Rosa 1999. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Ceará south to Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: marine.

steindachneri, Diabasis Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:322 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 1 (for 1881); ref. 2471] Panama; Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.55-57 (3) Mazatlán; USNM 28172 (1), 29226 (1), 29305 (1, not found in 1980), 29387 (?), 29634 (1, lost), 29759 (1), 29778 (1), 29795 (0). •Valid as Haemulon steindachneri (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:46 [ref. 39147], Courtenay 1961:86 [ref. 21095], Hong 1977:496 [ref. 21409], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:356 [ref. 14275], Cervigón 1992:335 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:209 [ref. 24474], Allen & Robertson 1994:149 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:120 [ref. 23101], Robins & Ray 1986:180 [ref. 23100], McKay & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1157 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:183 [ref. 24545], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:375 [ref. 24555], Rocha & Rosa 1999:448 [ref. 23802], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:338 [ref. 24550], Thomson et al. 2000:127 [ref. 25640], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1545 [ref. 27094], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:85 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:124 [ref. 37547], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Spier et al. 2018:13 [ref. 36103], González-Murcia et al. 2019:304 [ref. 36544], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021], Ribeiro et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36717], Carvalho et al. 2020:[10] [ref. 37554], Love et al. 2021:162 [ref. 39279], Carvalho-Filho 2023:164 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:349 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon steindachneri (Jordan & Gilbert 1882). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

striata, Perca Linnaeus [C.] 1758:293 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America. No types known. •Valid as Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Courtenay 1961:124 [ref. 21095], Robins & Ray 1986:180 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:335 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:211 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:50 [ref. 24221], Rocha & Rosa 1999:447 [ref. 23802], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:265 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Lindeman & Toxey 2003:1546 [ref. 27094], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:85 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:379 [ref. 28815], Rocha et al. 2008:921 [ref. 29817], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:55 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho 2023:166 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to Great Amazon Reef system (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

subarcuatum, Haemulon Poey [F.] 1861:419 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Sagua de Grande, Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Courtenay 1961:111 [ref. 21095] as plumieri, Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

trivittata, Grammistes Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:188 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Brazil. Based on Capeuna brasiliensibus Marcgrave 1648:155. •Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Courtenay 1961:124 [ref. 21095], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus 1758). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

undecimale, Haemulon Steindachner [F.] 1875:39 [11] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] Panama. Syntypes: (several) MCZ 4877 (4); NMW 74300 (1), 35556-57 (2), 35558 (1); USNM 153616 [ex MCZ 4877] (1). On p. 11 of separate. •Synonym of Haemulon scudderii Gill 1862 -- (Hong 1977:496 [ref. 21409], Parenti 2019:161 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon scudderii Gill 1862. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

vittata, Inermia Poey [F.] 1860:193, Pl. 14 (fig. 3) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. No types known. •Valid as Inermia vittata Poey 1860 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:181 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:342 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:220 [ref. 24474], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:266 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Orrell 2003:1553 [ref. 27095], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:85 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:384 [ref. 28815], Tavera et al. 2012:6 [ref. 32469]). •Valid as Haemulon vittatum (Poey 1860) -- (Rocha et al. 2008:923 [ref. 29817], Tavera et al.2012:6 [ref. 32469], Page et al. 2013:149 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:173 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:55 [ref. 33341], Heemstra in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2702 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Parenti 2019:162 [ref. 37021], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:70 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:166 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:114 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Haemulon vittatum (Poey 1860). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to Venezuela, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil); eastern Atlantic: Guinea-Bissau. Habitat: marine.

xanthopteron, Haemulon Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:234 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Martinique Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7841 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:37 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823) -- (Courtenay 1961:93 [ref. 21095], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:263 [ref. 25013] as xanthopterum, Parenti 2019:160 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest 1823). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.