Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Hemigrammus: [ 61 ] records

aereus, Hemigrammus Géry [J.] 1959:257, Figs. 4-5 [Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon v. 28 (no. 8); ref. 10038] Nancibo Creek, Conté basin, French Guiana. Holotype: MHNG 2181.86 [ex Géry coll. T 19-1-23]. Paratype: USNM 179759 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022], Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Hemigrammus aereus Géry 1959 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862]). •Species inquirenda -- (Lima & Marinho 2024:181 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Hemigrammus aereus Géry 1959. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Conté River basin, French Guiana [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

amacayacu, Hemigrammus Albornoz‐Garzón [J. G.], Méndez‐López [A.], DoNascimiento [C.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2019:933, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 95 (no. 3); ref. 36872] Unnamed tributary of quebrada Matamatá, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia, 03°47'53.3"S, 70°15'58"W. Holotype: IAVHP 21889. Paratypes: ANSP, IAVHP, ZUEC. •Valid as Hemigrammus amacayacu Albornoz‐Garzón, Méndez‐López, DoNascimiento & Lima 2019. Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus amacayacu Albornoz‐Garzón, Méndez‐López, DoNascimiento & Lima 2019. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Matamatá drainage, Amazon basin, Amazonas, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

analis, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] 1909:64 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1166] Rockstone, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53041 [ex CM 1466]. Paratypes: (95) BMNH 1911.10.31.396-397 (2), 1917.11.2.2 (1); CAS 44360 [IU 11918] (9), 44361 [IU 11919] (5), 44362 [IU 11920] (1); FMNH 7350-51 (1, 2), 53042-44 (10, 5, 1), 69537 (26); MCZ 29972-73 (2, 1); NMW 69498 (1); CAS-SU 21913-14 (2, 1); USNM 66192 [ex CM] (2, now 1), 66193 (2); ZMA 100973 (1), 101012 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:64 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:18 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:44 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemigrammus analis Durbin 1909 -- (Taphorn 1992:200 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Reia & Benine 2019:413 [ref. 36527], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760] as cf. analis, Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus analis Durbin 1909. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

apiaka, Aphyodite Esguícero [A. L. H.] & Castro [R. M. C.] 2017:758, Figs. 2B, 5, 6 [Copeia v. 105 (no. 4); ref. 35694] Ressaca (wetlands) of Lago Jenipapo, Rio Aripuanã, Rio Madeira basin, Nova Aripuanã Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil, 06°09'08"S, 60°13'29"W. Holotype: INPA 52541. Paratypes: INPA, LIRP. •Valid as Hemigrammus apiaka (Esguícero & Castro 2017) -- (Melo et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus apiaka (Esguícero & Castro 2017). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Aripuanã drainage, lower Rio Madeira basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

armstrongi, Hemigrammus Schultz [L. P.] & Axelrod [H. R.] 1955:5, Fig. (p. 4) [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 3 (no. 3) (for Jan.-Feb. 1955); ref. 12112] Near Georgetown, Guyana. Holotype: USNM 163868. Paratypes: USNM 163869 (20). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin 1909 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Zarske 2011:10 [ref. 31376]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin 1909. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Habitat: freshwater.

arua, Hemigrammus Lima [F. C. T.], Wosiacki [W. B.] & Ramos [C. S.] 2009:154, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30248] Lago São Francisco do Alto Aruã, tributary of rio Arapiuns, tributary of rio Tapajós, 2°36.4'S, 55°54'21'W, município de Juruti, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 14755. Paratypes: (many) at ANSP, INPA, MPEG, MZUS. •Valid as Hemigrammus arua Lima, Wosiacki & Ramos 2009 -- (Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus arua Lima, Wosiacki & Ramos 2009. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ataktos, Hemigrammus Marinho [M. M. F.], Dagosta [F. C. P.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2014:258, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33372] Tocantins State, Natividade, córrego Cocal on road TO-280, rio Manoel Alves drainage, rio Tocantins basin, 11°42’50.2"S, 47°35’40.2"W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 113725. Paratypes: DZSJRP, MZUEL, MZUSP, ZUEC. Plus non-type material at CAS. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:439 [ref. 35588]. Appeared as Hyphessobrycon on p. 258, correction in Dagosta et al. 2016:257 [ref. 34377]. •Valid as Hemigrammus ataktos Marinho, Dagosta & Birindelli 2014 -- (Dagosta et al. 2016:258 [ref. 34377], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Pastana & Ohara 2016:396 [ref. 34716], Reia & Benine 2019:413 [ref. 36527]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus ataktos Marinho, Dagosta & Birindelli 2014. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: middle Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

barrigonae, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] 1914:232 [Indiana University Studies v. 2 (no. 24); ref. 11067] Barrigona, upper Río Meta drainage, Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 44368 [ex IU 13423]. Paratypes: (65) AMNH 5320 (4), CAS 44369 [ex IU 13424] (orig. 61). •Valid as Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Taphorn 1992:203, 269 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:24 [ref. 28749], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Ota et al. 2014:278 [ref. 33373], Zarske 2015:8 [ref. 33782], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Soares & Bührnheim 2016:398 [ref. 34972], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:86 [ref. 35773], Reia & Benine 2019:413 [ref. 36527], Ota et al. 2019:345 [ref. 36619], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

bellottii, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:179 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57253-55 (13, 9, 9). Species originally spelled belottii [regarded as in error], later spelled as bellottii when described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:34, Pl. 5 [ref. 14353]. The species probably belongs to the Hyphessobryconinae, Faria et al. 2025:14 [ref. 42414]. •Valid as Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Planquette et al. 1996:274 [ref. 22818], Keith et al. 2000:13 [ref. 24547], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Faria et al. 2020:374 [ref. 37543], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338], Lima et al. 2025:11 [ref. 41903], Faria et al. 2025:9 [ref. 42414]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner 1882). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

boesemani, Hemigrammus micropterus Géry [J.] 1959:251, Fig. 2 [Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon v. 28 (no. 8); ref. 10038] Creek near Sinnamary, northern French Guiana. Holotype: MHNG 2181.80. Paratypes: (4) ANSP 94717 (1), USNM 179758 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:43 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022], Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Hemigrammus boesemani Géry 1959 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708]; Géry et al. 1991:59 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:275 bis [ref. 22818], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:23 [ref. 28749], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Ota et al. 2019:345 [ref. 36619], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:937 [ref. 36872], Lima et al. 2022:261 [ref. 39116], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus boesemani Géry 1959. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: French Guiana, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Hemigrammus Ellis [M. D.] 1911:161, Pl. 3 (fig. 4) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1, art. 2); ref. 1269] Lagôas of Rio Grande at Barreiras, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54444 [ex CM 3068]. Paratypes: (38) ?CAS 44380 [ex IU 13290 & CM 3071] (8), FMNH 54434 (28), 54445-46 (7, 2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:64 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:44 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemigrammus brevis Ellis 1911 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[7] [ref. 35679], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:937 [ref. 36872], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:38 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus brevis Ellis 1911. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cayennensis, Hemigrammus unilineatus Géry [J.] 1959:248, Fig. 1 [Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon v. 28 (no. 8); ref. 10038] Small freshwater stream on Cayenne Island, French Guiana. Holotype: MHNG 2179.061. Paratypes: (10) ANSP 94715 (1), SMF 5385 (1), USNM 179757 (2), ZMA 101049 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022], Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Hemigrammus cayennensis Géry 1959 -- (Géry et al. 1991:59 [ref. 21021]). •Synonym of Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill 1858), but a valid subspecies -- (Planquette et al. 1996:282 [ref. 22818]). •Synonym of Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill 1858) -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:237 [ref. 22743], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:134 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35509]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill 1858). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Habitat: freshwater.

changae, Hemigrammus Ota [R. P.], Lima [F. C. T.] & Hidalgo [M. H.] 2019:336, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4577 (no. 2); ref. 36619] Aguajal Pozo Minero, Aguajal Cicra, Puerto Maldonado, Departamento Madre de Dios, Peru, 12°33'48"S, 70°07'03"W. Holotype: MUSM 663836. Paratypes: CAS, FMNH, INPA, MCZ, MUSM, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Hemigrammus changae Ota, Lima & Hidalgo 2019. Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus changae Ota, Lima & Hidalgo 2019. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Upper Madeira River basin, southeastern Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

coeruleus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1908:99 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Manacapuru, Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: (103) MCZ 20801 (97). Author is M. L. Durbin. Original says 103 specimens, the type of 46 mm. •Valid as Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin 1908 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin 1908. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

collettii, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:179 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Hyavary, Brazil; Obidos, Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) ?MCZ 20843 (42) Obidos, ?MCZ 90154 [ex MCZ 20840a] (3) Obidos; NMW 57379-82 (3, 3, 2, 5). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:33, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [ref. 14353]. Spelled colletii in original description, which was obviously a mistake; corrected to collettii by Steindachner 1882:33 [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708] as colletti, Taphorn 1992:269 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:295bis [ref. 22818], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Marinho et al. 2015:576 [ref. 33708], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Soares & Bührnheim 2016:399 [ref. 34972], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Chuctaya et al. 2022:23 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:17 [ref. 41297], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338], Marinho & Benine 2024:225 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Hemigrammus collettii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Melo et al. 2024:24 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus collettii (Steindachner 1882). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). IUCN (2023): Least Concern (as Moenkhausia collettii). Habitat: freshwater.

copei, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:179 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Santarém, Amazon River, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) ?MCZ 89960 (30) Obidos; NMW 57383 (5). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:35, Pl. 6 (fig. 6) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner 1882) -- (Taphorn 1992:269 [ref. 23654], Benine 2002:293 [ref. 26541], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares & Bührnheim 2016:399 [ref. 34972], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:23 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:17 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Marinho & Benine 2024:225 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Hemigrammus copei (Steindachner 1882) -- (Melo et al. 2024:24 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus copei (Steindachner 1882). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). IUCN (2023): Least Concern (as Moenkhausia copei). Habitat: freshwater.

cupreus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1918:168, Pl. 20 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Jatuarana, Silves, Lago Saracá, Amazon system, Brazil [= Barreirinha, Amazon River and Lago Saracá, Amazonas, Brazil, about 2°50'S, 58°14'W]. Syntypes: (11 + 6) CAS 42675 [ex IU 12651, MCZ 20952] (2); ?MCZ 21067 (6), ?21069 (9?, orig. 6), 89964 (orig. 11). Author is M. L. Durbin. Appeared first in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin 1918 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Lima & Marinho 2024:174 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin 1918. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Brazil and ? Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

cylindricus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] 1909:62 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1166] Tumatumari, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53426 [ex CM 1461]. Paratypes: BMNH 1911.10.31.395 (1); CAS 44412-14 [ex IU 11915-17] (1, 4, 5); FMNH 7349 (1), 53037 (1), 53038-40 (3, 5, 1), 69538 (9); MCZ 29974 (1); CAS-SU 21916 (1); USNM 66191 [ex CM] (1); ZMA 100984 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:65 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:18 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:44 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin 1909 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[7] [ref. 35679], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin 1909. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo River (Guyana) and ?Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

diagonicus, Hemigrammus Mendonça [M. B.] & Wosiacki [W. B.] 2011:211, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2011 (no. 2); ref. 31415] Lago do Piranha, Juruti, Lower Amazon, 2°12'40.2"S, 56°06'59.1''W, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 10321. Paratypes: INPA 34093 (1); MPEG 10307 (2), 10308 (1), 10311 (2 c&s), 17382 (3 + 1 c&s). •Valid as Hemigrammus diagonicus Mendonça & Wosiacki 2011. Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus diagonicus Mendonça & Wosiacki 2011. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Balaio and Piranha lakes, lower Amazon River, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: marine.

durbinae, Hemigrammus Ota [R. P.], Lima [F. C. T.] & Pavanelli [C. S.] 2015:220, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 3948 (no. 2); ref. 33748] Amazonas, Careiro, lago Castanho, lago Janauacá complex, rio Solimões basin, approx. 3°48'S, 60°23'W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 115984. Paratypes: ANSP, CZFCEN, INPA, MNHNP, MZUSP, NUP, UFRO-I, ZUEC. Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Hemigrammus durbinae Ota, Lima & Pavanelli 2015 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35267], Lima et al. 2022:262 [ref. 39116]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus durbinae Ota, Lima & Pavanelli 2015. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Moenkhausia Géry [J.] 1964:30, Fig. 5 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 12 (no. 5, Jan.); ref. 1582] Río Manacacias into upper Río Meta, at Restrepo, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 198640. Paratypes: (7) ANSP 112249 (1), 139712 (1); Géry's coll. M.358 (orig. 7); MNHN 1980-1445 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:45 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry 1964 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:147 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Marinho & Benine 2024:227 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Hemigrammus eigenmanni (Géry 1964) -- (Melo et al. 2024:24 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus eigenmanni (Géry 1964). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: upper Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:179 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Obidos, Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) ?MCZ 90014 (2) Obidos; NMW 57390 (8). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:36, Pl. 7 (fig. 4) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Hemigrammus elegans (Steindachner 1882) -- (Taphorn 1992:206 [ref. 23654] as cf. elegans, Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[7] [ref. 35679], Lima & Marinho 2024:174 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus elegans (Steindachner 1882). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Tapajõs River basins in Brazil; ? Apure and Aguaro River basins, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

erythrozonus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] 1909:56 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1166] Erukin, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53546 [ex CM 1448]. Paratypes: (32) BMNH 1911.10.31.386-387 (2); CAS 44383 [ex IU 11905] (5); FMNH 7344 (2), 53025 (5); CAS-SU 21949 [ex IU 11905] (2), 21950 [ex IU 11905] (2); MCZ [ex CM/IU] 29976 (2); USNM 66187 [ex CM] (2); ZMA 101032 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:65 [ref. 12305], Nijssen et al. 1982:18 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:44 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin 1909 -- (Taphorn 1992:218 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:512 [ref. 31006], Mendonça & Wosiacki 2011:214 [ref. 31415], Carvalho et al. 2017:11 [ref. 35509], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[8] [ref. 35679], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin 1909. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo River (Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

filamentosus, Hemigrammus Zarske [A.] 2011:4, Figs. 1-5 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 61 (no. 1); ref. 31376] Rio Araguaya basin, Brazil [imported]. Holotype: MTD F 32438. Paratypes: MTD F 32439-32455 (7). •Valid as Hemigrammus filamentosus Zarske 2011 -- (Pastana & Ohara 2016:396 [ref. 34716] as cf. filamentosus). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus filamentosus Zarske 2011. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

flava, Moenkhausia Britzke [R.], Troy [W. P.], Oliveira [C.] & Benine [R. C.] 2018:3, Figs. 1-2, 4, 6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 16 (no. 2) (e170086); ref. 36024] Tributary of rio Sepotuba, rio Paraguay basin, Córrego São Jorge, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, 14°27'24.9"S, 57°34'32.7"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123719. Paratypes: LBP, MZUEL, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Hemigrammus flavus (Britzke, Troy, Oliveira & Benine 2018) -- (Melo et al. 2024:24 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus flavus (Britzke, Troy, Oliveira & Benine 2018). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: upper rio Sepotuba drainage, rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Tetragonopterus Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:133 [7] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Lagoa Santa, 19°38'S, 43°53'W, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9583 [ex ZMUC] (4); NMW 68066 (5); SMNS 2047 (4); ZMB 9201 (1); ZMUC 522-529 (8), 539 (1), 650 (1), 651 (1), 661 (1), 662 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:23 [ref. 19577], Nielsen 1974:46 [ref. 9588], Fricke 1995:9 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:26 [ref. 29864] with author as Reinhardt. On p. 7 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:217 (and p. XIV of summary), Pl. 5 (fig. 16) [ref. 19674]. Authorship sometimes seen as Reinhardt in Lütken. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon gracilis (Lütken 1875) -- (Fernández & Butí 1996:252 [ref. 22775], Lima & Gerhard 2001:110 [ref. 25355], Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046]). •Valid as Hemigrammus gracilis (Lütken 1875) -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Mendonça & Wosiacki 2011:214 [ref. 31415], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633] [correct?], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297] as cf. gracilis, Lima & Marinho 2024:175 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus gracilis (Lütken 1875). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

grammica, Aphyodite Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:314, Pl. 44 (fig. 5) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Konawaruk, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53408 [ex CM 1882]. Paratypes: CAS 59711 [ex IU 12162] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:58 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Aphyodite grammica Eigenmann 1912 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:529 [ref. 31006], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[11] [ref. 35679], Esguícero & Castro 2017:756 [ref. 35694], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Taphorn et al. 2022:13 [ref. 41297]). •Valid as Hemigrammus grammicus (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Melo et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus grammicus (Eigenmann 1912). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo River and Rio Negro basins (Guyana and Brazil), Rio Beni (Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

hyanuary, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1918:151, Pl. 18 (fig. 4) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Lake Hyanuary. Syntypes: (8) CAS 42676 [ex IU 12648; MCZ 20955] (2), MCZ 20955 (now 4). Author is M. L. Durbin. Appeared first in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin 1918 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:937 [ref. 36872], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Yunoki et al. 2025:327 [ref. 42013]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin 1918. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Sout merica: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

iota, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] 1909:60 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1166] Gluck Island, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53034 [ex CM 1458]. Paratypes: (11) BMNH 1911.10.31.393 (1); CAS 44417 [ex IU 11913] (2), 44418 [ex IU 11914] (1); FMNH 7347 (1), 53035-36 (2, 1); MCZ 29975 [ex CM] (1); SU 21917 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:65 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:44 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemigrammus iota Durbin 1909 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[8] [ref. 35679], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus iota Durbin 1909. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo River basin (Guyana) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

kuroobi, Hemigrammus Reia [L.] & Benine [R. C.] 2019:408, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4555 (no. 3); ref. 36527] São Gabriel da Cachoeira, tributary of the Rio Miuá, Rio Negro basin, Amazonas State, Brazil, 00°06'12"S, 66°53'8"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123957. Paratypes: INPA, LBP, MNRJ, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Hemigrammus kuroobi Reia & Benine 2019. Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus kuroobi Reia & Benine 2019. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Rio Miuá drainage, Rio Negro basin, Amazonas State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

levis, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1908:100 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Lago Maximo [small lake near Parintins], Villa Bella and Lake Jose Assu, Brazil. Syntypes: (over 300) CAS 42677 [ex IU 12647 & MCZ 20738] (5), CAS 42678 [ex IU 15260 & MCZ 20749] (7); MCZ 89961-62 (64, 18), 20738 (194), 20749 (28), 20829 (3); USNM 120266 [ex MCZ 20738] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022]. Author is M. L. Durbin. Lectotype established as MCZ 20738 by Eigenmann 1918:149 but lot with more than 1 specimen so lectotype designation is not valid. •Valid as Hemigrammus levis Durbin 1908 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:24 [ref. 28749], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:937 [ref. 36872], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137], Koerber et al. 2022:32 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus levis Durbin 1908. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

lunatus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1918:164 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Amazon River basin [Lago Badajós, Codajás, about 3°21'S, 62°41'W]. Holotype: MCZ 20964 (1 of 3). Paratypes: CAS 42679 [ex IU 12649 & MCZ 20964] (1); MCZ 20964 (2 of 3), 89963 (1, missing). Author is M. L. Durbin. Appeared first in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin 1918 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Britski et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24147], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Ota et al. 2014:270 [ref. 33373], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2019:343 [ref. 36619], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:33 [ref. 39235], Lima & Marinho 2024:176 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin 1918. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay River basins in Bolivia (La Paz, Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso), Paraguay, Ecuador (Napo), Colombia and Peru (Loreto, Madre de Dios). Habitat: freshwater.

machadoi, Hemigrammus Ota [R. P.], Lima [F. C. T.] & Pavanelli [C. S.] 2014:266, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33373] Mato Grosso State, Pontes e Lacerda, igarapé Barreiro, tributary of rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin, road to Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, 15°11’34"S, 59°25'26"W, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 39889. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MCP, UFRO-I, MZUSP, ZUEC. Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Hemigrammus machadoi Ota, Lima & Pavanelli 2014 -- (Ota et al. 2019:343 [ref. 36619]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus machadoi Ota, Lima & Pavanelli 2014. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraguai and rio Madeira basins (Brazil) and Río Guaporé basin (Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

mahnerti, Hemigrammus Uj [A.] & Géry [J.] 1989:154, Figs. 5-7 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 96 (no. 1); ref. 16287] Swamp near Panchito Lopez, 4 kilometers from Yabebyry, Misiones, Paraguay. Holotype: MHNG 2412.82. Paratypes: MHNG 2412.83-84 (57, 2 c&s), 2412.85-86 (122, 2 c&s), 2412.87-88 (8, 2 c&s), 2412-89 (2). Type catalog: Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj & Géry 1989 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27366] as manherti, Casciotta et al. 2003:98 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131] as manherti, Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35267], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:937 [ref. 36872], Dickens 2019:163 [ref. 37135]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus mahnerti Uj & Géry 1989. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná and Paraguay River basins (Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

marginatus, Hemigrammus Ellis [M. D.] 1911:159, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1, art. 2); ref. 1269] Rio Itapicurú at Queimadas, Bahia, Brazil, circa 10°58'S, 39°38'W. Holotype: FMNH 54430 [ex CM 3053]. Paratypes: (141) FMNH 54431-33 (1, 20, 4), 54435-43 (6, 17, 42, 5, 6, 5, 3, 9, 1), 54452 (1), 54457-59 (1, 1, 1), 54756 (3), 54919 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:65 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis 1911 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:209 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24147], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2015:228 [ref. 33748], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966] as aff. marginatus, Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[8] [ref. 35679], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137], Lima et al. 2022:253 [ref. 39116], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Lima & Marinho 2024:177 [ref. 40817], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:38 [ref. 41258], Lima et al. 2024:256 [ref. 41835]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis 1911. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River drainage and other river drainages (northeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

matei, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:152, Pl. 19 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Argentina [aquarium specimen]. Holotype: CAS 44436 [ex IU 11438]. Additional material or paratype: CAS 44437 [ex IU 11438] (1). Appeared first in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann 1918 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27366] as mattei, Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131] as mattei, Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117]). •Species inquirenda -- (Lima & Marinho 2024:181 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann 1918. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Argentina [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

maxillaris, Hyphessobrycon Fowler [H. W.] 1932:354, Fig. p. 350 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 84; ref. 16366] Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 53660. Paratypes: ANSP 53661-63 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hemigrammus maxillaris (Fowler 1932) -- (Britski et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24147], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin 1918 -- (Ota et al. 2014:270 [ref. 33373], Koerber et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin 1918. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Habitat: freshwater.

megaceps, Hemigrammus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:1, Fig. 3 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 159; ref. 13141] Ninabamba near Ayacucho, Río Ucayali basin, Peru, elevation 1900 meters. Holotype: ANSP 71624. Paratypes: ANSP 71625 (1), 71626 (1, missing). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler 1945 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Zarske 2015:8 [ref. 33782], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus megaceps Fowler 1945. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: upper Ucayali River basin (Peru and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

melanochrous, Hemigrammus Fowler [H. W.] 1913:543, Fig. 12 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira tributary, near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39228. Paratypes: ANSP 39229 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler 1913 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler 1913. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

melogrammus, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:102 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 20825. •Valid as Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann 1908 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Soares et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37743], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817], Yunoki et al. 2025:329 [ref. 42013]). •Valid as Hemigrammus melogrammus (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Melo et al. 2024:24 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus melogrammus (Eigenmann 1908). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

micropterus, Hemigrammus Meek [S. E.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:15 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Los Castillos, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): CAS 44438 [ex IU 10802]. •Valid as Hemigrammus micropterus Meek 1907 -- (Taphorn 1992:212 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35773], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:938 [ref. 36872], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus micropterus Meek 1907. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

microstomus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1918:165 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MCZ 20782 (1 of 9). Paratypes: CAS 42680 [ex IU 12650 & MCZ 20782-3] (2); MCZ 20782 (8 mixed with holotype), 20783 (orig. 10), 20840 (5); USNM 120267 [ex MCZ 20782] (3). Additional original material: CAS 42681 [ex IU 13274 & CM 2944] (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022]. Author is M. L. Durbin. First mentioned in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin 1918 -- (Taphorn 1992:215 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin 1918. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

mimus, Hemigrammus Böhlke [J. E.] 1955:229, Fig. 2 [Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 12265] Camanáos on the Rio Negro, about 0°10'S, 66°55'W, Brazil. Holotype: CAS-SU 47759. Paratypes: CAS-SU 47760 (1). •Valid as Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke 1955 -- (Taphorn 1992:218 [ref. 23654] as cf. mimus, Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132-133 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2007:13 [ref. 29231], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Mendonça & Wosiacki 2011:214 [ref. 31415], Ota et al. 2014:278 [ref. 33373], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[8] [ref. 35679], Lima & Marinho 2024:178 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke 1955. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: middle Negro and Amazon river basins; upper Orinoco River basin: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

ora, Hemigrammus Zarske [A.], Le Bail [P.-Y.] & Géry [J.] 2006:19, Figs. 1-4 [Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde. v. 55; ref. 28749] Pripri Yiyi, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 2006-0785. Paratypes: Géry coll. (4); MNHN 2006-0786 (14); MTD F 28837-28842 (6). •Valid as Hemigrammus ora Zarske, Le Bail & Géry 2006 -- (Jerep et al. 2011:545 [ref. 31705], dos Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Koerber et al. 2022:33 [ref. 39235], Kampfert et al. 2025:281 [ref. 42023]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus ora Zarske, Le Bail & Géry 2006. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: coast region of French Guiana and Lower Amazon basin and Tocantins-Araguaia River basin (Brazil). Introduced in upper Paraná River system (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

orthus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] 1909:61 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1166] Tukeit, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53052 [ex CM 1477]. Paratypes: (43) BMNH 1911.10.31.394 (1); CAS 44465 [ex IU 11921, not 11912] (5), 44466 [ex IU 11922] (6); FMNH 7348 (1), 53053-56 (6, 5, 1, 6); MCZ 29978 [ex CM/IU] (1); CAS-SU 21781 (1); USNM 66190 [ex CM] (1); ZMA 100977 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:65 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemigrammus orthus Durbin 1909 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], Zarske et al. 2006:30 [ref. 28749], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus orthus Durbin 1909. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo River (Guyana); lower Tapajós River (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

parana, Hemigrammus Marinho [M. M. F.], Carvalho [F. R.], Langeani [F.] & Tatsumi [F. L.] 2008:53, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 1724; ref. 29547] Rio Grande near the old sand port, know as Velh Adão, municipality of Santa Clara, D'Oeste, São Paulo state, Brazil, 20°01'27.2"S, 50°54'46.6"W. Holotype: DZSJRP 6217. Paratypes: DZSJRP 8781 (1262), 8809 (208), 9051(1399), 10796 (394, 3 c&s); LIRP 6004 (2); MCVP 41759 (20); MNRJ 31197 (20), MZUEL 4904 (20); MZUSP 95001 (30); UFRGS 8869 (50). Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:439 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Hemigrammus parana Marinho, Carvalho, Langeani & Tatsumi 2008 -- (Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:938 [ref. 36872], Lima & Marinho 2024:179 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus parana Marinho, Carvalho, Langeani & Tatsumi 2008. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Araguaia-Tocantins River basin, introduced into the upper Paraná system, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pretoensis, Hemigrammus Géry [J.] 1965:19, Pl. 2 (fig. 7) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 46 (no. 1); ref. 1584] Igarapé Préto, along Upper Amazon, near Belem, about 60 kilometers below Leticia, Brazil. Holotype (unique): SMF 7237. •Valid as Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry 1965 -- (Zarske & Géry 2002:26 [ref. 26553], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Lima et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34590], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry 1965. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

proneki, Hemigrammus Géry [J.] 1963:14, Fig. 2 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 4856] Near Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 198648. Paratypes: Géry coll. (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner 1882) -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862]). Current status: Synonym of Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner 1882). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rodwayi, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] 1909:58 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1166] Georgetown Trenches, Botanic garden, Aruka and Barima rivers, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53026 [ex CM 1450]. Paratypes: (306) BMNH 1911.10.31.388-392 (5), 1917.11.2.3 (1); CAS 60472 [ex IU 11906] (28), 60473 [ex IU 11907] (17), 60474 [ex IU 11908] (2), 60475 [ex IU 11909] (5); FMNH (248, 8 lots); CAS-SU 21915 (5); MCZ 29977 [ex CM/IU] (5); UMMZ 185268 (8); USNM 66188 [ex CM] (5); ZMA 100987 (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:65 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin 1909 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:59 [ref. 21021], Taphorn 1992:230 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:280 [ref. 22818], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:23 [ref. 28749], Marinho et al. 2008:59 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Zarske 2011:10 [ref. 31376], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], Faria et al. 2018:8 [ref. 35883], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:938 [ref. 36872], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137], Koerber et al. 2022:33 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759] as cf. rodwayi). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin 1909. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana), and Amazon River basin (Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

rubrostriatus, Hemigrammus Zarske [M.] 2015:[5], Figs. 1-5 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 65 (no. 1); ref. 33782] Grenzgebiet Kolumbien Venezuela, Import Firma Glaser, 2013. Holotype: MTD F 33435. Paratypes: MTD F 33436-33445 (10). •Valid as Hemigrammus rubrostriatus Zarske 2015 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus rubrostriatus Zarske 2015. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: upper Orinoco River basin, Colombia / Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

schmardae, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:179 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Tabatinga, Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 57809 (3), 57979 (22), 81255 (2). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:37, Pl. 7 (fig. 6) [ref. 14353]. •See Planquette et al. 1996:284 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner 1882) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:227 [ref. 23654] as cf schmardae, Zarske & Géry 2002:31 [ref. 26553], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:23 [ref. 28749], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701] as cf. schmardae, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:938 [ref. 36872], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137], Lima et al. 2025:10 [ref. 41903]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner 1882). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Negro and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

silimoni, Hemigrammus Britski [H. A.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2008:565, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2008 (no.3); ref. 29801] Rio Juruena, município de Sapezal, downstream PCH Telegráfica, 12°41'15"S, 58°56'34"W. Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 93559. Paratypes: AMNH 240668 (1); MZUSP 93560 (1), 93561 (1), 93562 (8, 2c&s). •Valid as Hemigrammus silimoni Britski & Lima 2008 -- (Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Mendonça & Wosiacki 2011:214 [ref. 31415], Lima & Marinho 2024:179 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus silimoni Britski & Lima 2008. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: upper Juruena River, tributary of the Tapajós River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

stictus, Hyphessobrycon Durbin [M. L.] 1909:71 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1166] Lama Stop-off, Guyana [Demerara-Mahaica, Mahaica River drainage, circa 6°32'N, 51°1'W]. Holotype: FMNH 52798 [ex CM 1197]. Paratypes: (236) BMNH 1911.10.31.415-419 (5); CAS 61758-60 [ex IU 11895-97] (10, 20, 3); FMNH 7355-56 (3, 2), 7556 (1), 53012 (27), 53013-16 (18, 1, 5, 1), 69535-36 (60, 45); MCZ 30039-40 (2, 3); CAS-SU 21922-23 (2, 3); ZMA 100974 (1), 101033 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:66 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:25 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:20 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:48 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin 1909) -- (Taphorn 1992:233 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Lima et al. 2009:154 [ref. 30248], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:86 [ref. 35773], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297], Lima & Marinho 2024:180 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin 1909). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, and coastal rivers of Guyana (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

taphorni, Hemigrammus Benine [R. C.] & Lopes [G. A. M.] 2007:54, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 1610; ref. 29305] Cano Mayor, around Salto Para, 6°31'67"N, 64°48'33"W, Río Caura, State of Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 55841. Paratypes: MCNG 55842 (8), 55843 (22, 2 c&s); MZUSP 94720 (3). •Valid as Hemigrammus taphorni Benine & Lopes 2007. -- (Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Zarske 2011:9 [ref. 31376]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus taphorni Benine & Lopes 2007. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Caura River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

tocantinsi, Hemigrammus Carvalho [F. R.], Bertaco [V. A.] & Jerep [F. C.] 2010:248, Figs. 1-2,3a, 4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 30862] Rio das Pedras, Fazenda Córrego Fundo, 13°44'34"S, 47°26'33"W, Cavalcante, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 44444. Paratypes: MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Hemigrammus tocantinsi Carvalho, Bertaco & Jerep 2010. Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus tocantinsi Carvalho, Bertaco & Jerep 2010. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Tributaries of rio das Almas, rio Paranã drainage, upper rio Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tridens, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:15 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Arroyo Pypucu, Río Paraguay basin, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 58609 [ex IU 11262]. Paratypes: CAS 61474 [ex IU 11262a] (1) Arroyo Pypucu (= Arroyo Piry-Pucu). •Valid as Hyphessobrycon tridens (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Zarske & Géry 2002:26 [ref. 26553]). •Valid as Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann 1907 -- (Britski et al. 1999:40 [ref. 24147], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], Marinho et al. 2008:59 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2017:67 [ref. 35220], Koerber et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[8] [ref. 35679], Koerber et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36736], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:938 [ref. 36872], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann 1907. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basins (Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

tupebas, Aphyodite Esguícero [A. L. H.] & Castro [R. M. C.] 2017:760, Figs. 2C, 7, 8 [Copeia v. 105 (no. 4); ref. 35694] Capim-praia (flooded grasses and beach), Jurupari, Rio Tefé, Rio Solimões, Tefé Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil, approximately 03°22'S, 64°43'W. Holotype: MZUSP 119760. Paratypes: LIRP, MCP, MZUSP. •Valid as Hemigrammus tupebas (Esguícero & Castro 2017) -- (Melo et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41541]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus tupebas (Esguícero & Castro 2017). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: lower Rio Solimões drainage, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ulreyi, Tetragonopterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1895:529 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.17.194-199 (6). •Valid as Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger 1895) -- (Britski et al. 1999:39 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27366], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:99 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Mirande 2010:507 [ref. 31006], Ota et al. 2014:278 [ref. 33373], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35267], Reia & Benine 2019:414 [ref. 36527], Ota et al. 2019:345 [ref. 36619]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger 1895). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

unilineatus, Poecilurichthys Gill [T. N.] 1858:420 [60] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. No types known. On p. 60 of separate. •Valid as Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill 1858) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:237 [ref. 22743], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928] as cf. lineatus, Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133-134 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:510 [ref. 31006], Phillip et al. 2013:16 [ref. 32896], Sarmiento et al. 2014:46, 184 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Chuctaya et al. 2022:21 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:15 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill 1858). Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: rivers of Trinidad, coastal river basins of Venezuela, and of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana; Guaporé and Amazon River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

vorderwinkleri, Hemigrammus Géry [J.] 1963:11, Fig. 1, plus 1 unnumbered [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 4856] Near Tapurucuara, upper Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 198643. Paratypes: (3) Géry coll. (?1); BMNH 1972.10.17.1457 (1), ZMA 113852 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236], Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry 1963 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:134 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:25 [ref. 28749], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2016:529 [ref. 34727], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Géry 1963. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

xaveriellus, Hemigrammus Lima [F. C. T.], Urbano-Bonilla [A.] & Prada-Pedreros [S.] 2020:2, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 4); ref. 37339] Caño La Ocho, Río Itilla, tributary of the Río Vaupés, Calamar, Guaviare, Colombia, 2°00'18.4"N, 72°53'18.3"W, elevation 270 meters. Holotype: MPUJ 14240. Paratypes: FMNH 143254 (1), MPUJ 13422 (5), ZUEC 17125 (1). •Valid as Hemigrammus xaveriellus Lima, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros 2020 Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus xaveriellus Lima, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros 2020. Acestrorhamphidae: Pristellinae. Distribution: Upper Río Vaupes drainage, Amazon basin, Guaviare, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.