Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Leporinus: [ 87 ] records

acutidens, Curimatus Valenciennes [A.] 1837:Pl. 8 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] South America. No types known. Name available from plate, description in Valenciennes 1847:9 [ref. 5010] as Curimates acutidens. Pl. 8 was published in 1837. •Synonym of Leporinus friderici (Bloch 1794), but a valid subspecies acutidens -- (Géry et al. 1991:8 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:158 [ref. 22818], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565] with date 1847). •Synonym of Leporinus friderici (Bloch 1794) -- (Taphorn 1992:42 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Leporinus acutidens (Valenciennes 1837) -- (see Miquelarena et al. 1997:68 [ref. 23469] on Braga 1993, Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Mirande & Koerber 2015:13 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus acutidens (Valenciennes 1837). Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and Guiana River drainages: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Leporinus Günther [A.] 1864:308 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. Syntypes: (at least 4) BMNH 1849.11.8.52-53 (2). •Synonym of Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794), but a valid subspecies -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:53 [ref. 23791]). •Valid as Leporinus affinis Günther 1864 -- (Mahnert et al. 1997:842 [ref. 23282], Santos & Jégu 1990:164 [ref. 20180], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Britski & Birindelli 2016:36 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35416], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2022:22 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus affinis Günther 1864. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

agassizii, Leporinus Steindachner [F.] 1876:107 [59], Pl. 9 (fig. 4) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Amazon River at Tabatinga and Teffe; River Iça, Brazil. Syntypes: (5) NMW 68416-17 (2, 2). On p. 59 of separate. •Valid as Leporinus agassizii Steindachner 1876 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302] as agassizi, Santos & Jégu 1996:164 [ref. 23717] as agassizi, Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061] as agassizi, Birindelli et al. 2013:238 [ref. 32781], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745] as agassizi, Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:15 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:11 [ref. 41297] as agassizi). Current status: Valid as Leporinus agassizii Steindachner 1876. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

alternus, Leporinus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:307 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Tukeit, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53361 [ex CM 1827]. Paratypes: (14) BMNH 1911.10.31.466 (1); CAS 61863-64 [ex IU 12117-18] (1, 3); FMNH 7324 (1), 53360 (1), 53362 (3); MCZ 29924 [ex CM/IUM] (1); CAS-SU 21900 (1); USNM 66219 [ex CM] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:57 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:25 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:51 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:29 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Leporinus pellegrini Steindachner 1910 -- (Johannes 1999:15 [ref. 24121]). •Valid as Leporinus alternus Eigenmann 1912 -- (Garavello 2000:199 [ref. 24492], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Géry et al. 1988:704 [ref. 27759], Mol et al. 2012:286 [ref. 32607]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

altipinnis, Leporinus faciatus Borodin [N. A.] 1929:280, Pl. 8 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 527] Jatuarana, creek or small lake near Barreirinha, Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: MCZ 20487 (2). •Status uncertain -- (Mahnert et al. 1997:843 [ref. 23282]). •Synonym of Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Leporinus altipinnis Borodin 1929 -- (Britski & Birindelli 2016:27 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35416], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1397 [ref. 37878]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus altipinnis Borodin 1929. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tapajós, rio Negro and río Orinoco (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

amae, Leporinus Godoy [M. P. de] 1980:23, Fig. 14 [Poluiçao -- peixes e pesca; ref. 19214] Rio Apuaê, Brazil. Holotype: MHNP uncat. (not found). Paratypes: MHNP uncat. (1), AMA-Electrosul uncat. (1). Type catalog: Azevedo-Santos et al. 2023:542 [ref. 40344]. •Valid as Leporinus amae Godoy 1980 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Feitosa et al. 2011:59 [ref. 31661], Serra et al. 2013:1577 [ref. 33003], Koerber 2014:2 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:13 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:411 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2023:43 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus amae Godoy 1980. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Brazil to Uruguay and Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

amazonicus, Leporinus Santos [G. M. dos] & Zuanon [J.] 2008:36, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa No. 1815; ref. 29701] Lago Catalão, 3°10'08"S, 59°55'01"W, Rio Amazonas at the confluenmce of rios Negro and Salimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 22861. Paratypes: INPA 22125 (1), 22860 (1), 22863 (1), 22864 (1), 24734 (1), 26059 (1), 26060 (1), 26061 (1), 26062 (1), 26063 (1); MZUSP 95190 [ex. INPA 22862] (1). •Valid as Leporinus amazonicus Santos & Zuanon 2008 -- (Sidlauskas & Mol 2011:[12] [ref. 31287] with major range extension, Burns et al. 2014:213 [ref. 33354], Garavello et al. 2014:325 [ref. 33378], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:15 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus amazonicus Santos & Zuanon 2008. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

amblyrhynchus, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Britski [H. A.] 1987:154, Fig. 1a [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS No. 44; ref. 6851] Rio Tietê, Itu, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 14411. Paratypes: MHNP (1); MZUSP 3523 (1), 4009 (1), 14412 (8), 14414-18 (2, 1, 5, 4, 1), 37402-03 (5, 14), 37404-05 (1, 2). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:472 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski 1987 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Britski & Garavello 2005:81 [ref. 28950], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Feitosa et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31661], Britski et al. 2012:458 [ref. 32317], Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700], dos Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2023:69 [ref. 40464], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski 1987. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

apollo, Leporinus Sidlauskas [B. L.], Mol [J. H. A.] & Vari [R. P.] 2011:[11], Figs. 3-4 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 162 (no. 1); ref. 31287] Sidonkrutu, sand island and channel, 4°31'51"N, 56°30'56"W, Coppername River, Saramacca, Suriname. Holotype: FMNH 116827. Paratypes: MHNG 2672.085 (1), 2673.002 (3), 2673-083 (1), 2673-098 (1); NCZS F-7067 [ex USNM 225993] (1), 7068 [ex MHNG 2672.085] (1); USNM 225993 (7) •Valid as Leporinus apollo Sidlauskas, Mol & Vari 2011. Current status: Valid as Leporinus apollo Sidlauskas, Mol & Vari 2011. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Suriname, Corantijn and Coppername rivers, Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

arimaspi, Leporinus Burns [M. D.], Frable [B. W.] & Sidlauskas [B. L.] 2014:207, Figs. 1-6 [Copeia 2014 (no. 2); ref. 33354] Amazonas, Río Casiquiare, 152.92 km NE of San Carlos de Río Negro, 2°47'56"N, 66°00'23"W, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-35695. Paratypes: many from ANSP, AUM, CAS, MBUCV, OS. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Leporinus arimaspi Burns, Frable & Sidlauskas 2014. Current status: Valid as Leporinus arimaspi Burns, Frable & Sidlauskas 2014. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Amazonas, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

aripuanaensis, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1992:112, Fig. 1B [Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam v. 13 (no. 12); ref. 20885] Igarapé do Aeroporto, tributary of Rio Aripuanã, Humboldt, Aripuanã, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 14495. Paratypes: INPA 1532-34 (8, 4, 1), MZUSP 14496 (2). Appeared first in Garavello & Santos 1981 [ref. 19202] with brief diagnoses -- apparently available from 1981-- see that account. •See Leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello & Santos 1981. Current status: Synonym of Leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello & Santos 1981. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Aripuanã River basin, Brazil.

aripuanaensis, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1981:188 [Anais do III Encontro de Zoologia do Nordeste. v. 13 (no. 12); ref. 19202] Igarapé, do Aeroporto, tributary of Rio Aripuanã, Humboldt, Aripuaná, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 14495. Paratypes: INPA 1532-34 (8, 4, 1), MZUSP 14496 (2). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:473 [ref. 23140]. Appeared first as above with a brief diagnosis; apparently available from 1981. Described in more detail in Garavello & Santos 1992:112, Fig. 1B [ref. 20885]. •Wrongly as a nomen nudum is in the synonymy of Leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello & Santos 1992 -- (dos Santos & Jégu 1996:167 [ref. 23717]). •Valid as Leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello & Santos 1981 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061] dated to 1992, Burns et al. 2014:213 [ref. 33354], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello & Santos 1981. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

bahiensis, Leporinus Steindachner [F.] 1875:231 [21], Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (no. 3); ref. 18773] Bahia, Brazil. Syntypes: (10) not yet found at NMW. On p. 21 of separate. •Valid as Leporinus bahiensis Steindachner 1875 -- (Taphorn 1992:43 [ref. 23654], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41258], Britski et al. 2024:11 [ref. 41365]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus bahiensis Steindachner 1875. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Bahia State (Brazil) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

bimaculatus, Leporinus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:58, Pl. 29 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Vermelho, Goiás; San Juâo das duas Barras, Tocantins, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN A-9797. Paralectotype: MNHN A-8620 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:33 [ref. 19577] with a holotype. Lectotype selected by Britski et al. 2012:470 [ref. 32317]. •Valid as Leporinus bimaculatus Castelnau 1855 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Britski et al. 2012:470 [ref. 32317], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). •Species inquirenda in Anostomidae -- (Birindelli 2024:61 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Leporinus bimaculatus Castelnau 1855. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: ?? Tocantins and Amazon River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

biribiri, Salmo Natterer [J.] in Kner 1859:170 [34] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] Manaus, Brazil; Rio Branco, South America. On p. 34 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing with locality. •Treated as species inquirenda in Leporinus -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Leporinus. Anostomidae: Leporininae.

bistriatus, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] 1997:28, Fig. 1 [Communicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS v. 10; ref. 24113] Rio Itacaiunas, Igarapé Ãguas Claras, Caldeirão, Serra dos Carajás, PA, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 31477. Paratypes: MZUSP 51072 (2), 51211 (1). •Valid as Leporinus bistriatus Britski 1997 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Feitosa et al. 2011:59 [ref. 31661]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus bistriatus Britski 1997. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

bleheri, Leporinus Géry [J.] 1999:108, Figs. 5-8 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 24139] Rio Verde, tributary of the Iténez (Guaporé), Bolivia, at the border with Brazil, about 30 kilometers from mouth, about 14°08'S, 60°30'W. Holotype: MHNG 2599.60. Paratypes: Géry coll. 1007-1998-1 (1), MNHN no. pending (1), MZUSP 58375 (1). •Valid as Leporinus bleheri Géry 1999 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Britski & Birindelli 2016:37 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35416], Boaretto et al. 2025:23 [ref. 41852]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus bleheri Géry 1999. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Madeira, Negro and Purus River drainages, western Amazon River basin, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

boehlkei, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] 1988:144, Fig. 1A [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 140 (no. 2); ref. 14272] Stream into Lago Mozambique, Río Meta system, Colombia, about 3°58'N, 73°04'W. Holotype: ANSP 136487. Paratypes: ANSP 135432-33 (16, 10), 136489 (2), 138803 (3), 140316 (2); MZUSP 28061 (6, not 1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:473 [ref. 23140]; DoNascimiento et al. 2016:405 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Leporinus boehlkei Garavello 1988 -- (Garavello 2000:198 [ref. 24492], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus boehlkei Garavello 1988. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

britskii, Leporinus Feitosa [F. da S.], Santos [G. M. dos] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2011:56, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 3120; ref. 31661] Rio Jamanxim, near Vila Mil, 7°43'51"S, 55°16'36"W, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 109771. Paratypes: ANSP 192112 (5); INPA 6648 (2), 6702 (5), 6809 (4), 33711 (5); MZUSP 97279 (13), 97374 (19). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Leporinus britskii Feitosa, Santos & Birindelli 2011 -- (Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus britskii Feitosa, Santos & Birindelli 2011. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Tapajós and Jari river drainages, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

brunneus, Leporinus Myers [G. S.] 1950:195 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 3124] Rio Negro at Cachoeira Camanaos, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: CAS-SU 16125. Paratypes: CAS 20137-38 (1, 1); FMNH 71313 (1); CAS-SU 16292-95 (1, 1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:25 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:51 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Leporinus brunneus Myers 1950 -- (Chernoff et al. 1991 [ref. 19790], Santos & Jégu 1996:163 [ref. 23717], Garavello 2000:199 [ref. 24492], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061], Britski & Garavello 2005:81 [ref. 28950], Santos & Zuanon 2008:41 [ref. 29701], Burns et al. 2014:213 [ref. 33354], Garavello et al. 2014:325 [ref. 33378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus brunneus Myers 1950. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco. Vaupés and Negro River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

cylindriformis, Leporinus Borodin [N. A.] 1929:288, Pl. 10 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 527] Porto de Moz, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 20430. •Valid as Leporinus cylindriformis Borodin 1929 -- (Santos & Jégu 1996:167 [ref. 23717], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061], Britski & Garavello 2005:81 [ref. 28950] as cylindriformes, Santos & Zuanon 2008:41 [ref. 29701], Sidlauskas & Mol 2011:[12] [ref. 31287] with remarks, Burns et al. 2014:213 [ref. 33354], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus cylindriformis Borodin 1929. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

desmotes, Leporinus Fowler [H. W.] 1914:239, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 66; ref. 1390] Rupununi River, Guyana, about 2°-3°N, 50°20'W. Holotype: ANSP 39324. Paratypes: ANSP 39325-27 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Leporinus desmotes Fowler 1914 -- (Santos & Jégu 1990:169 [ref. 20180], Santos & Jégu 1996:163 [ref. 23717], Britski 1997:37 [ref. 24113], Géry 1999:105 [ref. 24139], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Britski et al. 2012:458 [ref. 32317], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Britski & Birindelli 2016:37 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35416], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[3] [ref. 35679], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:11 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus desmotes Fowler 1914. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazonas, Essequibo and Tocantins River basins (Brazil, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

ecuadorensis, Leporinus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] 1916:88 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (nos 1/2) (art. 7); ref. 12361] Río Barranca, near Naranjito, western Ecuador. Holotype: CAS 18396 [ex IU 13116]. Paratypes: ?BMNH 1920.12.20.86-87 (2), CAS 61721 [ex IU 13116] (4), FMNH 56612 (2), MCZ 30929 (4), ?UMMZ 185287 (2), ?197554 (4); USNM 76968-69 (1, 8). Additional material: CAS 11633 [ex IU 13114] (8), 61419 [ex IU 13113] (14); FMNH 10280-83 (1, 1, 1, 1), 56610-11 (10, 2); CAS-SU 22777 (4); IU 13115 not found. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:25 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:51 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Leporinus ecuadorensis Eigenmann & Henn 1916 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34894] with authorship as Rendahl 1937, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus ecuadorensis Eigenmann & Henn 1916. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

enyae, Leporinus Burns [M. D.], Chatfield [M.], Birindelli [J. L. O.] & Sidlauskas [B. L.] 2017:13, Fig. 10 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2) e160166; ref. 35416] Río Iguapo, circa 1 hour above the mouth, Amazonas, Venezuela, 03°08'59"N, 65°28'00"W. Holotype: MCNG 56681 (ex ANSP 200287). Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, CAS, INPA, MZUEL, MZUSP, OS, ROM. •Valid as Leporinus enyae Burns, Chatfield, Birindelli & Sidlauskas 2017 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus enyae Burns, Chatfield, Birindelli & Sidlauskas 2017. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Orinoco river drainage, Casiquiare canal and upper Negro river: Venezuela, Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

falcipinnis, Leporinus Mahnert [V.], Géry [J.] & Muller [S.] 1997:838, Fig. 1 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 104 (no. 4); ref. 23282] Rio Arapiuns, 1 hr. by boat downstream of mouth of rio Arua, lower Tapajos basin, Para, Brazil, 2°04'S, 55°38'W. Holotype (unique): MZUSP 51827. •Valid as Leporinus falcipinnis Mahnert, Géry & Muller 1997 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Leporinus altipinnis Borodin 1929 -- (Britski & Birindelli 2016:27 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35416]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus altipinnis Borodin 1929. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Salmo Bloch [M. E.] 1794:96, Pl. 379 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Unknown locality [Suriname]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3543. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:67 [ref. 24282]. On p. 77 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 11 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794) -- (see Mahnert et al. 1997:842 [ref. 23282], Santos & Jégu 1996:162 [ref. 23717], Fuller et al. 1999:178 [ref. 25838], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Britski & Birindelli 2016:37 [ref. 34393], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Burns et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35416], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:54 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Chuctaya et al. 2022:16 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:11 [ref. 41297], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794). Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname and Uruguay). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

friderici, Salmo Bloch [M. E.] 1794:94, Pl. 378 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Suriname. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3552. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:67 [ref. 24282]. On p. 75 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 11 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Leporinus friderici (Bloch 1794) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:12 [ref. 9708], Garavello & Britski 1987:158 [ref. 6851], Garavello 1988:143 [ref. 14272], Santos & Jégu 1990:169 [ref. 20180], Taphorn 1992:42 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:158 [ref. 22818], Santos & Jégu 1996:168 [ref. 23717], Miquelarena et al. 1997:68 [ref. 23469], Gómez & Chebez 1996:53 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:78 [ref. 24147], Lasso et al. 2001:94 [ref. 25928], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Sidlauskas & Mol 2011:[7] [ref. 31287], Phillip et al. 2013:14 [ref. 32896], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745] as cf. friderici, Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:38, 183 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:85 [ref. 35773] as "gr." friderici, Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], dos Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Chuctaya et al. 2022:16 [ref. 42137], Brandão et al. 2023:71 [ref. 40464], Koerber et al. 2022:22 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:11 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759] as aff. friderici, Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:5 [ref. 41573], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus friderici (Bloch 1794). Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, and coastal rivers of northern Brazil (Bolivia, Brazil, ?Ecuador, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

geminis, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 2009:111, Figs. 2, 4 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 69 (no. 1); ref. 30137] Marabá, Rio Tocantins, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 14422. Paratypes: INPA 1590 (2); LISDEBA 1512 (1); MZUSP 14425 (2), 14426 (1); plus many more paratypes at INPA. •Valid as Leporinus geminis Garavello & Santos 2009 -- (Feitosa et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31661], Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus geminis Garavello & Santos 2009. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Rio Tocantins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gossei, Leporinus Géry [J.], Planquette [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.] 1991:15, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Cybium v. 15 (no. 1, suppl.); ref. 21021] Balaté creek, lower Maroni basin, French Guiana. Holotype: IRSNB 797. Paratypes: (29) IRSNB 776-779 (1, 2, 2, now 10); MTD F 27521 [ex Géry coll.] (1), Géry coll. [ex IRSNB] (1). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:22 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Leporinus gossei Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1991 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Brosse et al. 2019:136 [ref. 38320], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus gossei Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1991. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Maroni River basin (French Guiana, Brazil and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

guttatus, Leporinus Birindelli [J. L. O.] & Britski [H. A.] 2009:2, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 30144] Brazil, Altamira, rio Curuá, Iriri drainage (rio Xingu basin), upstream from PCH (=small hydroeletric dam) Buriti, 08°46'28''S 54°57'12''W. Holotype: MZUSP 97100. Paratypes: ANSP 189166 (1); INPA 30761 (1); MZUSP 99741 (5), 96865 (11), 101300 (11). •Valid as Leporinus guttatus Birindelli & Britski 2009 -- (Feitosa et al. 2011:59 [ref. 31661]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus guttatus Birindelli & Britski 2009. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

holostictus, Leporinus Cope [E. D.] 1878:690 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21467. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21468 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratype. Lectotype established by Fowler 1906:330, Fig. 20 [ref. 13763]. •Valid as Leporinus holostictus Cope 1878 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:12 [ref. 9708], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745]). •Status uncertain -- (Mahnert et al. 1997:843 [ref. 23282]). •Synonym of Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Britski & Birindelli 2016:33 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35416]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794). Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

inexpectatus, Leporinus Britski [H. A.], Garavello [J. C.], Oliveira [C.] & Birindelli [J. L.] 2024:6, Fig. 3 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo v. 64; ref. 41365] Córrego Água Branca, tributary of Rio Paranapanema, Euclides da Cunha Paulista municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, 22°29'34.1"S, 52°32'32.8"W. Holotype: MZUEL 14311. Paratypes: DZSJRP, LIRP, MZUEL, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Leporinus inexpectatus Britski, Garavello, Oliveira & Birindelli 2024. Current status: Valid as Leporinus inexpectatus Britski, Garavello, Oliveira & Birindelli 2024. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

jamesi, Leporinus Garman [S.] in Borodin 1929:281, Pl. 9 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 527] Manacapuru, Brazil. Holotype: ?MCZ 20439. Author is S. Garman. Based on manuscript and drawing. •Valid as Leporinus jamesi Garman 1929 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Garavello et al. 2014:318 [ref. 33378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:16 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus jamesi Garman 1929. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

jatuncochi, Leporinus Ovchynnyk [M. M.] 1971:100, Figs. 8-9 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 187 (nos 1/2); ref. 7699] Lake Jatun Cocha, about 1°00'S, 75°27'W, Province Napo, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): MUSM 5868. •Possible synonym of Leporinus desmotes Fowler 1914 -- ( Burns et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35416]). •Valid as Leporinus jatuncochi Ovchynnyk 1971 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Britski et al. 2012:458 [ref. 32317], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Britski & Birindelli 2016:38 [ref. 34393], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus jatuncochi Ovchynnyk 1971. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon basin (Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

julii, Leporinus Santos [G. M. dos], Jégu [M.] & Lima [A. C.] 1996:273, Fig. [Acta Amazonica v. 26 (no. 4); ref. 23716] Rio Xingu, Cachoeira Kaituka, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 10987 [ex INPA 9503]. Paratypes: INPA 3948 (2), 9496-98 (2, 3, 2), 9502-03 (5, 10), 10252 (3); MNHN 1996-1308 [ex INPA 9503] (2); MZUSP 48956 [ex INPA 9498] (1), 48957 [ex INPA 9497] (1), 48958 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Hypomasticus julii (Santos, Jégu & Lima 1996) -- (Sidlauskas & Vari 2008:74 [ref. 29786], Birindelli et al. 2013:464 [ref. 32924], Birindelli et al. 2016:113 [ref. 34843]). •Valid as Leporinus julii Santos, Jégu & Lima 1996 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Sidlauskas et al. 2025:20 [ref. 41973]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus julii Santos, Jégu & Lima 1996. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

klausewitzi, Leporinus Géry [J.] 1960:279, Pl. 40 (fig. 2) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 41 (nos 5/6); ref. 11912] Mundurucú, Rio Manacapuru, Amazon basin, near Manaos [Manaus], Brazil. Holotype (unique): SMF 5090. •Valid as Leporinus klausewitzi Géry 1960 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Sidlauskas & Mol 2011:[7] [ref. 31287], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus klausewitzi Géry 1960. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

lacustris, Leporinus Amaral Campos [A.] 1945:155, Fig. [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 5 (no. 16); ref. 13117] Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3458. Paratypes: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 1449 (1), MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 5253-5258 (6). Type catalog: Britski 1969:204 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:473-474 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus lacustris Amaral Campos 1945 -- (Garavello 1989:500 [ref. 14273], Garavello & Santos 1992:113 [ref. 20885], Britski et al. 1999:78 [ref. 24147], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:80 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Britski & Birindelli 2008:49 [ref. 29578], Zarucki et al. 2010:191 [ref. 34811], Litz & Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:13 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:411 [ref. 34561] with author as Campos, Koerber et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35267], Dickens 2019:161 [ref. 37135], dos Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:43 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus lacustris Amaral Campos 1945. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

leschenaulti, Leporinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:30, Pl. 635 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] La Mana River, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1694. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:32 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Leporinus friderici (Bloch 1794) -- (Taphorn 1992:42 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Leporinus leschenaulti Valenciennes 1850 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[3] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus leschenaulti Valenciennes 1850. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of French Guiana and northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

leucometopon, Charax Zuiew [B.] 1789:275, Pl. 5 [Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae v. 4 (for 1788); ref. 17714] No type locality given [possibly Suriname]. Holotype: Dahlberg Collection (whereabouts unknown). No types discovered so far. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). •Species inquirenda in Anostomidae -- (Birindelli & Lucena 2024:60 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

lignator, Leporinus Boaretto [M. P.], Ohara [W. M.], Souza-Shibatta [L.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2025:13, Figs. 5, 6A, C-D, 7A-C, 8A, C-D, 9A, C, 10A, C, 11 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 4) [for 2024]; ref. 41852] Igarapé Vasquin, a tributary of Comemoração River, Machado River drainage, Madeira River basin, Pimenta Bueno, Rondônia, Brazil, 12°12'18"S, 60°37'23"W. Holotype: MZUEL 21727. Paratypes: MCP, MNRJ, MZUEL, NUP, ZUEC. •Valid as Leporinus lignator Boaretto, Ohara, Souza-Shibatta & Birindelli 2025. Current status: Valid as Leporinus lignator Boaretto, Ohara, Souza-Shibatta & Birindelli 2025. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Guaporé, Aripuanã and Machado River drainages, Madeira River subbasin, western Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Leporinus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:86 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guyana. Syntypes or holotype: ZMB 3546 (1). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:11 [ref. 3071]. Lectotype of 92 mm SL selected by Géry et al. 1988:709 [ref. 27759] but catalog number not given. •Valid as Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:12 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1988:704 [ref. 27759], Taphorn 1992:39 [ref. 23654] with question, Planquette et al. 1996:148 [ref. 22818], Gómez & Chebez 1996:53 [ref. 23791], Britski 1997:36 [ref. 24113], Garavello 2000:198 [ref. 24492], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Mol et al. 2012:287 [ref. 32867], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[3] [ref. 35679], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:12 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers of the Guianas and upper Amazon River basin (Guyana, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

marcgravii, Leporinus Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:130 [4] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas and affluents, Brazil. Syntypes: USNM 44951 (1); ZMB 9191 (1); ZMUC 151 (1), 155-156 (2) Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:47 [ref. 9588], Vari & Howe 1991:29 [ref. 19022]. On p. 11 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:202 (and p. XII of summary), Pl. 4 (fig. 9) [ref. 19674]. Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:72 [ref. 27061] also include this species as a questionably synonym of Leporinus maculatus with same types but dating to a different reference. •Synonym of Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Taphorn 1992:39 [ref. 23654], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Leporinus marcgravii Lütken 1875 -- (Garavello 2000:199 [ref. 24492], Britski 2001:20 [ref. 26046], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:72 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Feitosa et al. 2011:59 [ref. 31661]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus marcgravii Lütken 1875. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

margaritaceus, Leporinus Günther [A.] 1864:309 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2011.4.19.3. •Synonym of Leporinus nigrotaeniatus (Jardin 1841) -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus nigrotaeniatus (Jardine 1841). Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

melanopleura, Leporinus Günther [A.] 1864:310 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Una, Bahia, Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1863:3.27.6. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1863.3.27.7 (1) Bahia, 1861.5.16.14 (1, skin) Cipo. Lectotype selected by Birindelli et al 2013:10 [ref. 32698]; lectotype 1861.5.16.14 is not this species. •Valid as Leporinus melanopleura Günther 1864 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Britski & Garavello 2005:81 [ref. 28950], Birindelli et al. 2013:10 [ref. 32698], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[3] [ref. 35679], Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus melanopleura Günther 1864. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Bahia (Brazil) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

melanopleurodes, Leporinus Birindelli [J. L. O.], Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2013:15, Figs. 6-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 32698] Nilo Peçanha, rio das Almas, approximately 10 km from Nilo Peçanha on road Corredeiras do ro das Alams, 13°36'27.8'S, 39°08'38.8"W, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 100987. Paratypes: Many from ANSP. MCP, MZUSP. •Valid as Leporinus melanopleurodes Birindelli, Britski & Garavello 2013 -- (Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus melanopleurodes Birindelli, Britski & Garavello 2013. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Bahia (Brazil) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

microphthalmus, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] 1989:498, Fig. 1 [Revista Brasileira de Biologia v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 14273] Rio Araguari, salto de Nova Ponte, Nova Ponte, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 38535. Paratypes: MZUSP 14457-58 (2), 38536 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:475 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus microphthalmus Garavello 1989 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Feitosa et al. 2011:59 [ref. 31661], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus microphthalmus Garavello 1989. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

microphysus, Leporinus Birindelli [J. L. O.] & Britski [H. A.] 2013:1130, Fig. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 83 (no. 5); ref. 33171] Brazil, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, Rio Iratapuru,tributary of Rio Jari, at Cachoeira São Raimundo, 0°33'59"S; 52°34'40"W. Holotype: MZUSP 111001. Paratypes: ANSP 199207 (2); INPA 37892 (2); MZUSP 103487 (8), 97351 (8), 98274 (1), 101749 (1), 104503 (2). •Valid as Leporinus microphysus Birindelli & Britski 2013 -- (Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus microphysus Birindelli & Britski 2013. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Rio Iratapuru, a tributary of the Rio Jari, above Cachoeira do Santo Antonio and tributaries of the Rio Tapajos, including the Rio Teles Pires and the Rio Jamanxim, in the states of Mato Grosso and Para, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

moralesi, Leporinus Fowler [H. W.] 1942:218, Fig. 42 [Boletim Museum del Historia Natural, Javier Prado, Lima, University San Marcos ano 6 (no. 21); ref. 19671] Amazon River at Rio Iça, Lago Alexo, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 90680.1. Paralectotypes: NMW 68348 (1), 77721 (1), 90680 (1). Original not seen. Also described as new in Fowler 1945:128 [ref. 20664]. Replacement name for Leporinus muelleri Steindachner 1876, preoccupied by Leporinus muelleri Günther 1859. Lectotype selected by Birindelli et al. 2013:241 [ref. 32781]. •Valid as Leporinus moralesi Fowler 1942 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559] as moralesis, Ortega & Vari 1986:12 [ref. 9708], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Birindelli et al. 2013:238 [ref. 32781], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745] and cf. moralesi, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Leporinus moralesi Fowler 1942. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

muelleri, Leporinus Steindachner [F.] 1876:105 [57], Pl. 9 (fig. 5) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Amazon River at Tabatinga; Jose Fernandez; Rio Iça; Lago Alexo, Brazil ["Peru"]. Lectotype: NMW 90680.1. Paralectotypes: NMW 68348 (1), 77721 (1), 90680 (1). Originally mülleri, change mandatory. On p. 57 of separate. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leporinus muelleri Günther 1859, replaced by Leporinus moralesi Fowler 1942. Lectotype selected by Birindelli et al. 2013:241 [ref. 32781]. •Synonym of Leporinus moralesi Fowler 1942 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], Birindelli et al. 2013:238 [ref. 32781]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Leporinus moralesi Fowler 1942. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

multifasciatus, Leporinus Cope [E. D.] 1878:690 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21448. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21449-50 (1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1906:329, Fig. 19 [ref. 1373]. •Status uncertain -- (Mahnert et al. 1997:842 [ref. 23282]). •Valid as Leporinus multifasciatus Cope 1878 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:12 [ref. 9708], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Chuctaya et al. 2022:16 [ref. 42137]). •Species inquirenda in Anostomidae -- (Birindelli 2024:61 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Leporinus multifasciatus Cope 1878. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Peru and Ecuador. IUCN (2022): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

multimaculatus, Leporinus Birindelli [J. L. O.], Teixeira [T. F.] & Britski [H. A.] 2016:98, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4178 (no. 1); ref. 34843] Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Araguaia-Tocantins basin, Córrego Grande, tributary of rio das Mortes, approximately 30 km from the city, Brazil, 15°35'43"S 52°22'39"W. Holotype: MZUSP 119000. Paratypes: LIA, MCNIP, MCP, MNRJ, MZUEL, MZUSP. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Leporinus multimaculatus Birindelli, Teixeira & Britski 2016 -- (Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus multimaculatus Birindelli, Teixeira & Britski 2016. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

niceforoi, Leporinus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:227, Figs. 7-9 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá Dept., Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 70491. Paratypes: ANSP 70492 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Leporinus niceforoi Fowler 1943 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], Sidlauskas & Mol 2011:[12] [ref. 31287] as perhaps two species, Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Burns et al. 2014:213 [ref. 33354] as niceforoi and cf. niceforoi from Ecuador, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus niceforoi Fowler 1943. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Orteguasa and Amazonas River basins (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

nigrotaeniatus, Chalceus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:213, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana Part I; ref. 18707] Pedrero, Rio Negro. No types known. Appeared as Chalceus ? nigro-taeniatus originally. •Valid as Leporinus nigrotaeniatus (Jardine 1841) -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], Birindelli et al. 2013:238 [ref. 32781], Taphorn et al. 2022:12 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus nigrotaeniatus (Jardine 1841). Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Negro River basin and Guyana coastal drainages (Brazil and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

novemfasciatus, Leporinus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:65, Pl. 37 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Rivers of equatorial Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. No types known. As Leporinus 9-fasciatus on plate. •Considered by most as a synonym of Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Mahnert et al. 1997:841 [ref. 23282]). •Synonym of Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch 1794). Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

octofasciatus, Leporinus Steindachner [F.] 1915:28 [14], Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 93; ref. 4244] Joinville, Santa Catharina, Brazil. Syntypes: (2) NMW. On p. 14 of separate; also described in Steindachner 1917 [ref. 15259]. Species not listed in earlier abstract [ref. 18909]. •Valid as Leporinus octofasciatus Steindachner 1915 -- (Mahnert et al. 1997:842 [ref. 23282], Gómez & Chebez 1996:54 [ref. 23791], Britski 1997:35 [ref. 24113], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Feitosa et al. 2011:59 [ref. 31661], Mirande & Koerber 2015:13 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[3] [ref. 35679], dos Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2023:73 [ref. 40464], Britski et al. 2024:11 [ref. 41365], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus octofasciatus Steindachner 1915. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Cubatã River and upper Paraná River basins (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

octomaculatus, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.] 1993:33, Figs. 3-4 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 6; ref. 21111] Headwaters of Rio Arinos, Rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 44794. Paratypes: MZUSP 44795-96 (1, 1); USNM 324959 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:476 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus octomaculatus Britski & Garavello 1993 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Ito et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40545]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus octomaculatus Britski & Garavello 1993. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Teles Pires River drainage, upper Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

oliveirai, Leporinus Ito [I. S. B.], Souza-Shibatta [L.], Venturieri [M.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2023:5, Figs. 1-7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 3): e230058; ref. 40545] Rio Braço Norte, a tributary of rio Peixoto de Azevedo, Teles Pires drainage, Amazon basin, below the CPBV-FAB power plant, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brazil, 09°21'47.48"S, 54°54'11.47"W. Holotype: MNRJ 34085. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUEL, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Leporinus oliveirai Ito, Souza-Shibatta, Venturieri & Birindelli 2023. Current status: Valid as Leporinus oliveirai Ito, Souza-Shibatta, Venturieri & Birindelli 2023. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Braço Norte, Teles Pires River drainage, upper Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ortomaculatus, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] 2000:196, 1b [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 150; ref. 24492] Surumu, 3°35'N, 60°25'W, Rio Surumu, Roraima, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 5160. Paratypes: AMNH 91084-87 (?1, 2, 1, 1), 91113 (14); ANSP 135787 (3), 135914 (2), 159335 (1), 149455 (1); MZUSP 14443-45 (1, 3, 7). •Valid as Leporinus ortomaculatus Garavello 2000 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], Sidlauskas & Mol 2011:[7] [ref. 31287], Burns et al. 2014:213 [ref. 33354], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Taphorn et al. 2022:12 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus ortomaculatus Garavello 2000. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Negro and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

pachycheilus, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] 1976:87, Figs. 1-2 [Acta Amazonica v. 6 (no. 4) (Supl.); ref. 7365] Rio Aripuanã, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 13074. Paratypes: MZUSP 13075-87 (13). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:476 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Hypomasticus pachycheilus (Britski 1976) -- (Sidlauskas & Vari 2008:74 [ref. 29786], Birindelli et al. 2013:464 [ref. 32924]). •Valid as Leporinus pachycheilus Britski 1976 -- (Santos & Jégu 1990:171 [ref. 20180], Santos & Jégu 1996:162 [ref. 23717], Santos et al. 1996:267 [ref. 23716], Britski 1997:37 [ref. 24113], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], Sidlauskas et al. 2025:20 [ref. 41973]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus pachycheilus Britski 1976. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Aripuanã River drainage, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

parae, Leporinus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:8, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Pará, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 34613. Paratypes: USNM 34575 (2), 306340 [ex USNM 34613a] (1). Also treated as a synonym of Leporinus leschenaulti Valenciennes 1850 by Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061]. •Also treated as a synonym of Leporinus leschenaulti Valenciennes 1850 by Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061]. •Valid as Leporinus parae Eigenmann 1907 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], Britski & Birindelli 2008:49 [ref. 29578], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701] dated 1908, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:16 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus parae Eigenmann 1907. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

paralternus, Leporinus Fowler [H. W.] 1914:237, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 66; ref. 1390] Rupununi River, Guyana, 2°-3°N, 50°20'W. Holotype: ANSP 39320. Paratypes: ANSP 39321-22 (1, 1), 39323 (missing). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Leporinus pellegrini Steindachner 1910 -- (Johannes 1999:15 [ref. 24121]). •Valid as Leporinus paralternus Fowler 1914 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Géry et al. 1988:704 [ref. 27759], Mol et al. 2012:287 [ref. 32867]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Guyana and Suriname rivers and upper Amazon River basin: Brazil and Guyana (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

paranensis, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Britski [H. A.] 1987:156, Fig. 1b [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS No. 44; ref. 6851] Marimbondo, Rio Grande, São Paulo, Brazil, 20°10'S, 49°10'W. Holotype: MZUSP 14453. Paratypes: MZUSP 14454-56 (2, 4, 16), 37406-11 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:476-477 [ref. 23140] with MZUSP 14456 and 37410 not found. Most paratypes belong to a different species, see Britski et al. 2024:2 [ref. 41365]. •Valid as Leporinus paranensis Garavello & Britski 1987 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27061], dos Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Britski et al. 2024:2 [ref. 41365], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus paranensis Garavello & Britski 1987. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Grande River drainage, upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

parvulus, Leporinus Birindelli [J. L. O.], Britski [H. A.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2013:242, Fig. 4 [Copeia 2013 (no. 2); ref. 32781] Pará, Ara, Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, São Luiz, approximately 4°309'S, 56°59'W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 110800. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MZUSP, SUEC. •Valid as Leporinus parvulus Birindelli, Britski & Lima 2013 -- (Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus parvulus Birindelli, Britski & Lima 2013. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pearsoni, Leporinus Fowler [H. W.] 1940:84, Figs. 44-45 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Boca Chapare, Río Chimore, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 69069. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Leporinus pearsoni Fowler 1940 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559], Johannes 1999:15 [ref. 24121], Géry 1999:106 [ref. 24139], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Britski & Birindelli 2016:39 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:21 [ref. 35416], Chuctaya et al. 2022:16 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus pearsoni Fowler 1940. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America. upper Amazon basin (Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

pellegrinii, Leporinus Steindachner [F.] 1910:269 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 47 (no. 17) (for 30 June 1910); ref. 14874] Suriname. Lectotype: NMW 68174:2. Paralectotypes: NMW 68174 (2 of 3), 72624 (5). Lectotype selected by Géry et al. 1988:704 [ref. 27759]. •Valid as Leporinus pellegrinii Steindachner 1910 -- (Johannes 1999:15 [ref. 24121], Garavello 2000:199 [ref. 24492] as pellegrini, Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131] as pellegrini, Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004]). •Synonym of Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Géry et al. 1988:704 [ref. 27759], Mol et al. 2012:287 [ref. 32867]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel 1844. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of Guianas and upper Amazon River basin: Brazil, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana and Surinne (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

piau, Leporinus Fowler [H. W.] 1941:176, Fig. 87 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Salgade, Icó, Ceará, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 69502. Paratypes: ANSP 69503-07 (5), 69509 (1); Géry (1) [ex ANSP 69508]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Leporinus piau Fowler 1941 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321] with authorship as Lutken 1875, Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[4] [ref. 35679], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809], Koerber et al. 2022:22 [ref. 39235], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:5 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus piau Fowler 1941. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers of northeastern (Bahia, Ceará and Maranhão, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pitingai, Leporinus Santos [G. M. dos] & Jégu [M.] 1996:168, Fig. [Acta Amazonica v. 26 (no. 3); ref. 23717] Rio Pitinga, Cachoeira 40 Ilhas, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 10126. Paratypes: INPA 10127 (1), MZUSP 48960 [ex INPA 10125] (1). •Valid as Leporinus pitingai Santos & Jégu 1996 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus pitingai Santos & Jégu 1996. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Pitinga River, Amazonas State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] 2000:194, Fig. 1a [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 150; ref. 24492] Small caño tributary to Río do Mato (left bank), Río Orinoco system, 7°08'N, 65°10"W, Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 174805. Paratypes: ANSP 139898 (22). •Valid as Leporinus punctatus Garavello 2000 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus punctatus Garavello 2000. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

reticulatus, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.] 1993:30, Figs. 1-2 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 6; ref. 21111] Headwaters of the Rio Arinos, Rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 14°25'S, 55°50'W. Holotype: MZUSP 44781. Paratypes: MZUSP 44782-83 (2), USNM 324958 (12). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:477 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus reticulatus Britski & Garavello 1993 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Birindelli & Britski 2009:6 [ref. 30144]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus reticulatus Britski & Garavello 1993. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Arinos and Tapajós River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

semivittatus, Leporinus Boulenger [G. A.] 1895:449 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 15 (no. 89) (art. 51); ref. 14577] Manaus, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1893.4.24.39. •Synonym of Leporinus agassizii Steindachner 1876 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus agassizii Steindachner 1876. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

sexstriatus, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.] 1980:254, Figs. 1-2 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 33 (no. 15); ref. 8733] Rio Papagaio, acima de Utiariti, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 9232. Paratypes: MZUSP 5180 (1), 9233-37 (5). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:477 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus sexstriatus Britski & Garavello 1980 -- (Britski 1997:29 [ref. 24113], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Feitosa et al. 2011:59 [ref. 31661]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus sexstriatus Britski & Garavello 1980. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Papagaiio and Tapajós River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

sidlauskasi, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2019:184, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4603 (no. 1); ref. 36700] Creek tributary of the rio Teles Pires, at the margin of the road, Itaúba, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 11°08'42"S, 55°35'21"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123539. Paratypes: MCP, MNRJ, MZUEL, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Leporinus sidlauskasi Britski & Birindelli 2019. Current status: Valid as Leporinus sidlauskasi Britski & Birindelli 2019. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Rio Teles Pires drainage, upper Rio Tapajós, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

spilopleura, Leporinus Norman [J. R.] 1926:94 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 18 (no. 103); ref. 15602] Oyapock River, French Guiana. Syntypes: BMNH 1926.3.2.564-565 (2). •Synonym of Leporinus friderici Bloch 1794 -- (Géry et al. 1991:8 [ref. 21021]). •Valid as Leporinus spilopleura Norman 1926 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus spilopleura Norman 1926. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Oyapock River basin: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

steyermarki, Leporinus Inger [R. F.] 1956:431, Fig. 93 [Fieldiana Zoology v. 34 (no. 37); ref. 12201] Río Abácapa, west side of Chimantá-tepui, Venezuela, elevation 1300 feet. Holotype: FMNH 45701. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:52 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Leporinus steyermarki Inger 1956 -- (Garavello 2000:199 [ref. 24492], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[4] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus steyermarki Inger 1956. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Abácapa River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

subniger, Leporinus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:228, Figs. 10-12 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá Dept., Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 70493. Paratypes: ANSP 70494 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Leporinus subniger Fowler 1943 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559], Taphorn 1992:43 [ref. 23654], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Britski & Birindelli 2008:51 [ref. 29578], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus subniger Fowler 1943. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Colombia and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

taeniatus, Leporinus Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:129 [3] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9591 [ex ZMUC] (2); SMNS 2041 (1), ZMB 9190 (?1); ZMUC 132-133 (2), 139 (1), 143 (1), 150 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:33 [ref. 19577], Nielsen 1974:47 [ref. 9588], Fricke 1995:4 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:12 [ref. 29864]. On p. 3 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:199 (and p. XII of summary), Pl. 4 (fig. 11) [ref. 19674]. Author sometimes seen as Reinhardt in Lütken, •Valid as Leporinus taeniatus Lütken 1875 [author sometimes as Reinhardt] -- (Britski 2001:20 [ref. 26046], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Britski & Garavello 2005:81 [ref. 28950], Garavello & Santos 2009:115 [ref. 30137], Feitosa et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31661], Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700], Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41258], Britski et al. 2024:11 [ref. 41365]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus taeniatus Lütken 1875. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Velhas drainage, São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

taeniofasciatus, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] 1997:32, Fig. 3 [Communicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS v. 10; ref. 24113] Rio Maranhão, near Cachoeira do Machadinho, border of Barro Alto and Niquelândia, Goias, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 51073. Paratypes: MZUSP 51074 (1), 51212-19 (1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Leporinus taeniofasciatus Britski 1997 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:78 [ref. 27061], Britski & Garavello 2005:81 [ref. 28950], Feitosa et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31661], Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus taeniofasciatus Britski 1997. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tigrinus, Leporinus fasciatus Borodin [N. A.] 1929:280 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 527] Goiás, Brazil. Syntypes: MCZ 20446 (2). •Valid as Leporinus tigrinus Borodin 1929 -- (Santos & Jégu 1990:171 [ref. 20180], Mahnert et al. 1997:842 [ref. 23282], Géry 1999:105 [ref. 24139], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27061], Britski & Birindelli 2016:39 [ref. 34393], Burns et al. 2017:21 [ref. 35416], dos Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Boaretto et al. 2024:541 [ref. 40990], Koerber et al. 2024:2 [ref. 41721]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus tigrinus Borodin 1929. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: lower Amazon river basin (Brazil). Introduced in the upper Paraná River basin (Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

trimaculatus, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1992:111, Fig. 1a [Bulletin Zoölogisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam v. 13 (no. 12); ref. 20885] Rio Aripuanã, Humboldt, Aripuana, Mato Grosso State, Amazonia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 14459. Paratypes: INPA 4857 (3), 4858 (6); MZUSP 14460-61 (15, 1); ZMA 120760 (2). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:478 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus trimaculatus Garavello & Santos 1992 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus trimaculatus Garavello & Santos 1992. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Aripuanã River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tristriatus, Leporinus Birindelli [J. L. O.] & Britski [H. A.] 2013:1135, Figs. 7-9 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 83 (no. 5); ref. 33171] Brazil, Mato Grosso, Peixoto de Azevedo, tributary of Rio Peixoto de Azevedo, at Cachoeira da Neblina, Rio Teles Pires basin, 10° 23′ 10″ S; 54° 18′ 22″ W. Holotype: MZUSP 96800. Paratypes: MZUSP 110987 (7), 61121 (5), 61125 (1), 95937 (1), 96589 (1), 97278 (1), 99099 (1), 99493 (7), 108011 (1), 108012 (13). Only from abstract. •Valid as Leporinus tristriatus Birindelli & Britski 2013. Current status: Valid as Leporinus tristriatus Birindelli & Britski 2013. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Tributaries of the upper Rio Tocantins, upper Rio Xingu and the Rio Tapajós, including the Rio Arinos, the Rio Teles Pires and the Rio Jamanxim, in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil Habitat: freshwater.

uatumaensis, Leporinus Santos [G. M. dos] & Jégu [M.] 1996:164, Fig. [Acta Amazonica v. 26 (no. 3); ref. 23717] Rio Uatumã, Cachoeira do Miriti, abaixo da cachoeira Balbina, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 10087. Paratypes: INPA 10111 (1), 10113-14 (1, 4), 10118-24 (3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3). •Valid as Leporinus uatumaensis Santos & Jégu 1996 -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Leporinus moralesi Fowler 1942 -- (Birindelli et al. 2013:238 [ref. 32781]). Current status: Synonym of Leporinus moralesi Fowler 1942. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

ucayalensis, Pithecocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1906:320, Fig. 16 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Río Ucayali or Peruvian Amazon, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 21997. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:19 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Pithecocharax ucayalensis Fowler 1906 -- (Chuctaya et al. 2022:16 [ref. 42137]). •Species inquirenda, and possible synonym of a Leporinus species -- (Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Uncertain. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Habitat: freshwater.

unitaeniatus, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 2009:110, Figs. 1, 3 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 69 (no. 1); ref. 30137] Santa Terezinha, Rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 14427. Paratypes: MZUSP 14429 (5), 14430 (1), 14431 (2); LISDEBE 1513 (3). Specimens from "Para State" are apparently not types based on style of paragraph headings. •Valid as Leporinus unitaeniatus Garavello & Santos 2009 -- (Feitosa et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31661], Britski & Birindelli 2019:190 [ref. 36700]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus unitaeniatus Garavello & Santos 2009. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Araguaia and Tocantins River drainages, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

vanzoi, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2005:77 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 28950] Rio Tapajós, Cascade Maranhãozinho, near São Luis, Pará State, Brazil, 4°26'S, 56°14'W. Holotype: MZUSP 21833. Paratypes: (24) MCP 30062 (2), 32315 (3); MZUSP 14427 (1), 14428 (1), 62545 (2), 87254 (15). •Valid as Leporinus vanzoi Britski & Garavello 2005 -- (Garavello & Santos 2009:115 [ref. 30137], Feitosa et al. 2011:56 [ref. 31661], Britski & Birindelli 2019:189 [ref. 36700]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus vanzoi Britski & Garavello 2005. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Rio Tapajós, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

venerei, Leporinus Britski [H. A.] & Birindelli [J. L. O.] 2008:46, Fig. 1a [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 29578] Lake in Fazenda Entre-Rios, ca. 11°35'S, 50°40'W, São Felix, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 93124. Paratypes: MZUSP 93123 (8)l 92027 (3), 93122 (6), 93125 (3) •Valid as Leporinus venerei Britski & Birindelli 2008 -- (Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665]). Current status: Valid as Leporinus venerei Britski & Birindelli 2008. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Araguaia River basin (central Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

villasboasorum, Leporinus Burns [M. D.], Chatfield [M.], Birindelli [J. L. O.] & Sidlauskas [B. L.] 2017:8, Fig. 2, 6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2) e160166; ref. 35416] Rio Culuene, tributary of rio Xingu, at cofferdam of PCH Paranatinga 2, Campinápolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°51'01"S, 53°15'33"W. Holotype: MZUSP 116530. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MZUEL, MZUSP, OS. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Leporinus villasboasorum Burns, Chatfield, Birindelli & Sidlauskas 2017. Current status: Valid as Leporinus villasboasorum Burns, Chatfield, Birindelli & Sidlauskas 2017. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: Middle and upper Rio Xingu drainage, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

y-ophorus, Leporinus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:233, Pl. 20 (fig. 4) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Barrigón, Río Meta, Orinoco System, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS 61680 [ex IU 15025]. Also appeared at same time in Eigenmann 1922:165 [ref. 12408]. Spelling y-ophorus apparently is not to be emended. •Valid as Leporinus y-ophorus Eigenmann 1922 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:12 [ref. 9708] as yophorus, Taphorn 1992:54 [ref. 23654] as yophorus, Johannes 1999:15 [ref. 24121], Géry 1999:105 [ref. 24139], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:79 [ref. 27061] as yophorus, Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Britski & Birindelli 2016:39 [ref. 34393] as yophorus, Burns et al. 2017:21 [ref. 35416] as yophorus, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338] as yophorus). Current status: Valid as Leporinus y-ophorus Eigenmann 1922. Anostomidae: Leporininae. Distribution: South America: Meta and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.