Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Parotocinclus: [ 28 ] records

adamanteus, Parotocinclus Pereira [E. H. L.], A. Santos [A. C.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Reis [R. E.] 2019:598, Figs. 1-5 [Copeia v. 107 (no. 4); ref. 37052] Rio Roncador, tributary to Rio São José at Cachoeira Sonrisal, Roncador Farm on road from Lençóis to Andaraí, Rio Paraguaçu basin, 12°42'05"S, 41°21'40"W, elevation 389 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 124560. Paratypes: MCP, MZFS, MZUSP, UFBA. •Valid as Parotocinclus adamanteus Pereira, A. Santos, de Pinna & Reis 2019 -- (Lehmann A. et al. 2020:14 [ref. 37693], Silva et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37809], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:46 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus adamanteus Pereira, A. Santos, de Pinna & Reis 2019. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São José drainage, Rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

arandai, Parotocinclus Sarmento-Soares [L. M.], Lehmann A. [P.] & Martins-Pinheiro [R. F.] 2009:192, Fig. 1, 2a, 3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30254] Córrego Bananeiras on road Geribá-Palmópolis, 16°44'48"S, 40°25'46"W, Palmópolis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 28296. Paratypes: (239) at AMNH, ANSP, AUM, MBML, MCP, MNRJ, UF. Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:196 [ref. 30254] •Valid as Parotocinclus arandai Sarmento-Soares, Lehmann A. & Martins-Pinheiro 2009 -- (Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:61 [ref. 32074], Lehmann A. et al. 2013:436 [ref. 32919], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Silva et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37809], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:46 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus arandai Sarmento-Soares, Lehmann A. & Martins-Pinheiro 2009. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: tributaries of middle and upper rio Jucuruçu and upper rio Buranhém, Minas Gerais and Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

bahiensis, Microlepidogaster Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:635 [7] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3725] Rio Itapicuru, on Federal highway BR 407, 8 kilometers north of Senhor do Bonfim to Juazeiro, Bahia State, Brazil, 10°24'49"S, 40°11'1"W Neotype: MZUSP 99753. Syntypes: (2) MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 1071 (not found). Type catalog: Britski 1969:200 [ref. 12401], Ferraris 2007:281 [ref. 29155]. On p. 7 of separate. Original as Microlepidogaster (?) bahiensis. Coordinated orginally given as 40°11'1"S, 10°24'49"W; corrected according to Eric Thomas (pers. comm., Oct. 2020). Neotype designated by Britski & Garavello 2009:61 [ref. 30260]. •Valid as Parotocinclus bahiensis (Miranda Riberio 1918) -- (Garavello 1977:18 [ref. 7249], Isbrücker 1980:79 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:30 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:223 [ref. 26534], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:281 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:197 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:61 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:61 [ref. 32074], Lehmann A. et al. 2013:436 [ref. 32919], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33225], Roxo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34921] as cf. bahiensis, Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Silva-Junior & Zanata 2022:7 [ref. 39783], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:46 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus bahiensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1918). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Itapicuru drainage, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

bidentatus, Parotocinclus Gauger [M. F. W.] & Buckup [P. A.] 2005:512, Figs. 2, 5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28562] Rio Pirapetinga, Município de Resende, 22°28'08"S, 44°26'48"W, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 27962. Paratypes: AMNH 236543 (3); MNRJ 14217 (9, 1 c&s), 16011 (1), 17467 (1), 28225 (1), 28226 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus bidentatus Gauger & Buckup 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:196 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33225], Ramos et al. 2017:[1] [ref. 35268], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2024:559 [ref. 42662]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus bidentatus Gauger & Buckup 2005. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Rio de Janeiro State (southeastern Brazil). IUCN (2021): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

cabessadecuia, Parotocinclus Ramos [T. P. A.], Lima [S. M. Q.] & Ramos [R. T. C.] 2017:[2], Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2) e160153; ref. 35268] São Gonçalo do Gurgueia, rio Gurgueia, rio Parnaíba basin, Piauí, Brazil, 10°06'27.0"S, 45°21'24.0"W. Holotype: UFPB 10029. Paratypes: MZUSP, UFPB, UFRN. •Valid as Parotocinclus cabessadecuia Ramos, Lima & Ramos 2017 -- (Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Koerber et al. 2022:51 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus cabessadecuia Ramos, Lima & Ramos 2017. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle rio Parnaíba basin (northeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cearensis, Parotocinclus Garavello [J. C.] 1977:14, Figs. 19-20 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 28 (no. 4); ref. 7249] Cachoeira do Gusmao, Ipu, Ceará State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 10176. Paratypes: ANSP 69414 (1), 69415-16 (2); MNRJ 8689 and 10155-10175 (124). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:122 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155].. •Valid as Parotocinclus cearensis Garavello 1977 -- (Isbrücker 1980:79 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:30 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26534], Britski & Garavello 2002:287 [ref. 26540], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Lehmann A. et al. 2013:437 [ref. 32919], Ramos et al. 2013:787 [ref. 33028], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Ramos et al. 2017:[7] [ref. 35268], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus cearensis Garavello 1977. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cesarpintoi, Parotocinclus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1939:364, Fig. [Boletim Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 10385] Riacho Quebrângulo, Rio Paraíba do Meio drainage, Quebrângulo, Alagoas State, Brazil. Syntypes: (2+) Seção de Zoologia do Museu Nacional, Brasil [now MNRJ 1022 (10), MNRJ 1154 (10)]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus cesarpintoi Miranda Ribeiro 1939 -- (Garavello 1977:17 [ref. 7249], Isbrücker 1980:79 [ref. 2303], Garavello 1988:117 [ref. 6853], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:30 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26534], Britski & Garavello 2002:287 [ref. 26540], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Chiachio et al. 2008:610 [ref. 30127], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus cesarpintoi Miranda Ribeiro 1939. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Paraíba do Meio River basin, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cristatus, Parotocinclus Garavello [J. C.] 1977:6, Figs. 9-10 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 28 (no. 4); ref. 7249] Fazenda Almada, Ilhéus, Bahia State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 10132. Paratypes: MNRJ 10122-31 (10). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus cristatus Garavello 1977 -- (Isbrücker 1980:80 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88, 89 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:30 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:223 [ref. 26534], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Garavello & Britski 2003:258 [ref. 27469], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:197 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33224], Ramos et al. 2017:[1] [ref. 35268], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Silva-Junior & Zanata 2022:7 [ref. 39783], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus cristatus Garavello 1977. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers near Ilhéus, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

doceanus, Microlepidogaster Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:634 [6] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3725] Rio Doce, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 1016. Type catalog: Britski 1969:208 [ref. 12401], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155] On p. 6 of separate. •Valid as Microlepidogaster doceanus Miranda Ribeiro 1918 -- (Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Parotocinclus doceanus (Miranda Ribeiro 1918) -- (Garavello 1977:11 [ref. 7249], Isbrücker 1980:80 [ref. 2303], Garavello 1988:124 [ref. 6853], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:30 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:223 [ref. 26534] with author and date as Garavello 1977, Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Garavello & Britski 2003:258 [ref. 27469], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:197 [ref. 30254], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Roxo et al. 2017:267 [ref. 35139], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus doceanus (Miranda Ribeiro 1918). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Doce River basin, Espírito Santo (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

fluminense, Parotocinclus Roxo [F. F.], Melo [B. F.], Silva [G. S. C.] & Oliveira [C.] 2017:261, Figs. 1, 2a [Zootaxa 4232 (no. 2); ref. 35139] Municipality of Casemiro de Abreu, rio Branco, tributary of rio São João, coastal drainage, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°27'04"S, 42°05'04"W. Holotype: MZUSP 120989. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, LBP, MCP, MZUSP, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Parotocinclus fluminense Roxo, Melo, Silva & Oliveira 2017 -- (Sarmento-Soares et al. 2024:559 [ref. 42662]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus fluminense Roxo, Melo, Silva & Oliveira 2017. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São João drainage, Rio de Janeiro State (southeastern Brazil). IUCN (2021): Near Threatened. Habitat: freshwater.

haroldoi, Parotocinclus Garavello [J. C.] 1988:118, Fig. 1 [Naturalia (São Paulo) v. 13; ref. 6853] Córrego do Otaviano, Poço do Sanharó, Riacho Sanharó, Piauí, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 10531. Paratypes: MNRJ 10532-37 (6), 36890 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus haroldoi Garavello 1988 -- (Lacerda & Evers 1996:88, 92 [ref. 22351], Burgess & Finley 1996:170 [ref. 22901], Isbrücker 2001:31 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26534], Britski & Garavello 2002:287 [ref. 26540], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Ramos et al. 2016:[10] [ref. 34352], Ramos et al. 2017:[7] [ref. 35268], Ramos et al. 2020:322 [ref. 37417], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus haroldoi Garavello 1988. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Parnaíba basin, Piauí State, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jacksoni, Parotocinclus Ramos [T. P. A.], Lustosa-Costa [S. Y.], Barros-Neto [L. F.] & Barbosa [J. E. L.] 2021:3, Figs. 2-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 99 (no. 4); ref. 38561] Rio Fechado, tributary to Rio Mamanguape, Arara municipality, Paraíba State, Brazil, 06°54'33"S, 35°39'02"W. Holotype: UFPB 11893. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUSP, UFPB, UFRN. •Valid as Parotocinclus jacksoni Ramos, Lustosa-Costa, Barros-Neto & Barbosa 2021. Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus jacksoni Ramos, Lustosa-Costa, Barros-Neto & Barbosa 2021. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Mamanguape basin, Paraíba, north-eastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jacumirim, Parotocinclus Silva-Junior [D. E.], Ramos [T. P. A.] & Zanata [A. M.] 2020:4, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190137; ref. 37598] Rio Jacumirim, tributary of rio Jacuípe, on road BA-093 between municipalities of Dias d’Ávila and Mata de São João, Dias d’Ávila, Bahia State, Brazil, 12°34'59.3"S, 38°18'59.6"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125761. Paratypes: MCP, MZUSP, UFBA, UFPB. •Valid as Parotocinclus jacumirim Silva-Junior, Ramos & Zanata 2020 -- (Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Silva-Junior & Zanata 2022:7 [ref. 39783], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus jacumirim Silva-Junior, Ramos & Zanata 2020. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jacumirim drainage, Bahia (northeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

jequi, Parotocinclus Lehmann A. [P.], Koech Braun [B.], Pereira [E. H. L.] & Reis [R. E.] 2013:435, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2013 (no. 3); ref. 32919] Minas Gerais, Serro, headwater creek of the Rio Jequitinhonha at Cachoeira do Moinho de Esteira, on road BR-259 from Serro to Pedro Lessa, 18°34'21"S, 43°29'35"W, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 47533. Paratypes: AMNH 258314 (2); MCP 42425 (2), 44959 (4 + 2 c&s, + juveniles). •Valid as Parotocinclus jequi Lehmann A., Koech Braun, Pereira & Reis 2013 -- (Roxo et al. 2017:267 [ref. 35139], Pereira et al. 2019:604 [ref. 37052], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus jequi Lehmann A., Koech Braun, Pereira & Reis 2013. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

jimi, Parotocinclus Garavello [J. C.] 1977:9, Figs. 25-26 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 28 (no. 4); ref. 7249] Rio do Peixe, small tributary of Rio de Contas, Fazenda Pedra Branca, Itagibá, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 12133. Paratypes: FMNH [ex MZUSP] 96046-47 (2, 1); MZUSP 12134-12153 (20), 12154 (orig. 194). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:64 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus jimi Garavello 1977 -- (Isbrücker 1980:80 [ref. 2303], Garavello 1988:124 [ref. 6853], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88, 90 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:31 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:223 [ref. 26534], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Garavello & Britski 2003:258 [ref. 27469], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:197 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33225], Ramos et al. 2017:[1] [ref. 35268], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Silva-Junior & Zanata 2022:7 [ref. 39783], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus jimi Garavello 1977. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Rio de Contas basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

jumbo, Parotocinclus Britski [H. A.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2002:280, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 26540] Rio Paraíba do Norte, at bridge on road PB 408, northwest of Umbuzeiro, 7°38'27"S, 35°42'30"W, Paraíba, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 69513. Paratypes: ANSP 69420-69439a (21 [see remarks]), 178004 (4); MNRJ 21294 (4); MZUSP 42120 (4), 69514 (10, 1 c&s, 1 SEM), 69515-16 (5, 5), 69519 (1, c&s); UFPB 4081 (7), 4094 (1), 4118 (6), 4134 (10), 4189 (6), 4381 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155]. ANSP 69420-69439a: 21 paratypes of Plecostomus spilosoma are determined by the authors as small-size individuals, possibly young, of P. jumbo. •Valid as Parotocinclus jumbo Britski & Garavello 2002 -- (Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:326 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:282 [ref. 29155], Martins & Langeani 2011:76 [ref. 31235], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Lehmann A. et al. 2013:437 [ref. 32919], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33225], Ramos et al. 2016:[10] [ref. 34352], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus jumbo Britski & Garavello 2002. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers in Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas states, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

maculicauda, Otocinclus Steindachner [F.] 1877:222 [6], Pl. 1 (Figs. 2-2b) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 76 (1. Abth.); ref. 14247] Southeastern Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 45381:1. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1904.1.28.12 [ex MCZ] (1); MCZ 89082 [ex MCZ 7769] (2); NMW 45380-81 (7, 6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. Misspelled caudimacula once. On p. 6 of separate. Lectotype selected by Schaefer 1996:1034 [ref. 22569]. •Valid as Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner 1877) -- (Garavello 1977:11 [ref. 7249], Isbrücker 1980:80 [ref. 2303], Garavello 1988:117 [ref. 6853], Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:30, 31 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:223 [ref. 26534], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061], Garavello & Britski 2003:258 [ref. 27469], Gauger & Buckup 2005:516 [ref. 28562], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Chiachio et al. 2008:610 [ref. 30127], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:196 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Rosa et al. 2014:59 [ref. 33228], Roxo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34921], Roxo et al. 2017:267 [ref. 35139], Roxo et al. 2017:351 [ref. 35310], Roxo et al. 2019:354 [ref. 36855], dos Reis et al. 2020:469 [ref. 38364], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2024:559 [ref. 42662], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner 1877). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers between Espírto Santo to Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro states (southeastern Brazil). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

minutus, Parotocinclus Garavello [J. C.] 1977:15, Figs. 13-14 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 28 (no. 4); ref. 7249] Rio Vaza-Barris, Canudos, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 10135. Paratypes: MNRJ 10133-34 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus minutus Garavello 1977 -- (Isbrücker 1980:80 [ref. 2303], Garavello 1988:124 [ref. 6853], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:31 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:223 [ref. 26534], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061], Garavello & Britski 2003:258 [ref. 27469], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:197 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Ramos et al. 2017:[1] [ref. 35268], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Silva-Junior & Zanata 2022:7 [ref. 39783], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus minutus Garavello 1977. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Vaza-Barris River basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

muriaensis, Parotocinclus Gauger [M. F. W.] & Buckup [P. A.] 2005:514, Figs. 1, 7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28562] Rio Muriaé, near intersection of highways BR-356 and RJ-186, 20 kilometers downstream from Itaperuna, about 21°15'S, 41°45'S, Município de Itaperuna, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 28528. Paratypes: MNRJ 14753 (4, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus muriaensis Gauger & Buckup 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:196 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33225], Ramos et al. 2017:[1] [ref. 35268], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2024:559 [ref. 42662]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus muriaensis Gauger & Buckup 2005. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Itaperuna River, Paraíba do Sul River basin, Rio de Janeiro (southeastern Brazil). IUCN (2021): Data deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

nandae, Parotocinclus Lehmann A. [P.], Camelier [P.] & Zanata [A.] 2020:2, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A, 4-6 [PLoS ONE v. 15 (no. 7): e0236690; ref. 37693] Upper Rio Paraguaçu, under bridge on highway BA-142, between Ibicoara and Barra da Estiva (9 km from Ibicoara), Bahia, Brazil, 13°26'10.32"S, 41°20'19.14"W, elevation 1068 meters. Holotype: MCP 54184. Paratypes: MCP, MZUSP, UFBA, UNICTIO. •Valid as Parotocinclus nandae Lehmann A., Camelier & Zanata 2020 -- (Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus nandae Lehmann A., Camelier & Zanata 2020. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Paraguaçu drainage, Bahia (northeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

planicauda, Parotocinclus Garavello [J. C.] & Britski [H. A.] 2003:254, Fig. 1 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 27469] Suaçui Pequeno River, Barra do Rochedo, at Antonio Pereira de Oliveira farm, 20 kilometers from Coroaci, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 75071. Paratypes: MZUSP 69337 (12), 69348 (30), 69360 (6), 69364 (9), 75053 (8), 75057 (2), 75097 (1), 78710 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus planicauda Garavello & Britski 2003 -- (Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:196 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33225], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus planicauda Garavello & Britski 2003. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: Doce River basin, Minas Gerais State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

prata, Parotocinclus Ribeiro [A. C.], Melo [A. L. A.] & Pereira [E. H. L.] 2002:218, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 26534] Headwaters of rio de Prata, stream tributary of ribeirão Quiricó, Rio São Francisco basin, mun. de Presidente Olegário, fazenda São Zeferino, near Galena, about 18°22'S, 46°14.3'W, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 68359. Paratypes: LIRP 1136 (38, 1 c&s), 1137-38 (6, 3); MCP 27381 (5); MZUSP 68360 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus prata Ribeiro, Melo & Pereira 2002 -- (Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Reis et al. 2012:6 [ref. 31863], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:61 [ref. 32074], Lehmann A. et al. 2013:436 [ref. 32919], Lehmann A. et al. 2014:32 [ref. 33225], Roxo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34921], Roxo et al. 2017:267 [ref. 35139], Roxo et al. 2017:351 [ref. 35310], Roxo et al. 2019:354 [ref. 36855], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus prata Ribeiro, Melo & Pereira 2002. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio de Prata drainage, upper São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pukuixe, Parotocinclus Silva-Junior [D. E.] & Zanata [A. M.] 2022:2, Figs. 1, 2K-L [Journal of Fish Biology v. 101 (no. 6); ref. 39783] Fazenda Tupinambá, rio Braço do Sul, tributary of rio Panelão, rio Pardo basin, Camacan, Bahia State, Brazil, 15°25'41"S, 39°33'11"W, elevation 200 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 126858. Paratypes: MCP, MZUSP, UFBA. •Valid as Parotocinclus pukuixe Silva-Junior & Zanata 2022 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus pukuixe Silva-Junior & Zanata 2022. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: rio Panelão drainage, rio Pardo basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

robustus, Parotocinclus Lehmann A. [P.] & Reis [R. E.] 2012:56, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa No. 3390; ref. 32074] Rio São Francisco basin, creek 45 km south of Montes Claros on highway BR-135 towards Bocaiuva, Rio Jequitaí basin (17°05’31'S 043°49’48'W),, Bocaiúva, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 46689. Paratypes: ANSP 192455 (3); MCP 16746 (7 +1 c&s), 23645 (2 + 1 c&s); UFRGS 9881 (8) •Valid as Parotocinclus robustus Lehmann A. & Reis 2012 -- (Lehmann A. et al. 2013:436 [ref. 32919], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus robustus Lehmann A. & Reis 2012. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper and middle São Francisco River basin, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

seridoensis, Parotocinclus Ramos [T. P. A.], Barros-Neto [L. F.], Britski [H. A.] & Lima [S. M. Q.] 2013:788, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 33028] Rio Grande do Norte State, Caicó Municipality, rio Seridó, rio Piranhas-Açu basin, 6°27’28.4'S, 37°05’10.7'W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 113422. Paratypes: MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP, UFPB, UFRN. •Valid as Parotocinclus seridoensis Ramos, Barros-Neto, Britski & Lima 2013 -- (Ramos et al. 2016:[10] [ref. 34352], Ramos et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35268], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus seridoensis Ramos, Barros-Neto, Britski & Lima 2013. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Upper rio Piranhas-Açu basin, Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

spilosoma, Plecostomus Fowler [H. W.] 1941:152, Figs. 53-55 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Campina Grande, Parahyba, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 69410. Paratypes: ANSP 69411-13 (3), 69414 (1), 69415-16 (2), 69417-39 (23). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:125 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus spilosoma (Fowler 1941) -- (Garavello 1977:16 [ref. 7249], Isbrücker 1980:80-81 [ref. 2303], Garavello 1988:124 [ref. 6853], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:31 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26534], Britski & Garavello 2002:287 [ref. 26540], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Lehmann A. et al. 2013:437 [ref. 32919], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Ramos et al. 2016:[10] [ref. 34352], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus spilosoma (Fowler 1941). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Paraíba do Norte basin, Paraíba State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

spilurus, Plecostomus Fowler [H. W.] 1941:148, Figs. 47-49 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Salgade [Salgado], Icó, Ceará, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 69403. Paratypes: ANSP 69404-08 (5). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:125 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler 1941) -- (Garavello 1977:8 [ref. 7249], Isbrücker 1980:81 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:438 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Isbrücker 2001:31 [ref. 25653], Britski & Garavello 2002:286 [ref. 26540], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061], Gauger & Buckup 2005:516 [ref. 28562], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Ramos et al. 2013:788 [ref. 33028], Ramos et al. 2016:[2] [ref. 34352], Ramos et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35268], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Ramos et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38561]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler 1941). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: Rio Jaguaribe basin, Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

steindachneri, Parotocinclus Di Caporiacco [L.] 1948:201, Fig. 2 [Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia Yr. 23 [v. 2, N.S.]; ref. 721] Rio Novo, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Syntypes: MZUF 5565 [ex MZUF 994] (1). Type catalog: Vanni 1991:222 [ref. 20099]. •Valid as Parotocinclus steindachneri Di Caporiacco 1948 -- (Isbrücker 1980:81 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2001:31 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner 1877) -- (Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner 1877). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.