Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Polydactylus: [ 28 ] records

americanus, Polynemus Cuvier [G.] 1829:155 (footnote 2) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] American seas. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5504 (1) Dominican Republic, A-3028 (1) Cayenne, A-3031 (1) Martinique. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:717, 728 [ref. 21541]. See also Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:393 [ref. 4879]. •Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Motomura et al. 2002:365 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:9 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:77 [ref. 27970]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

antillarum, Polynemus Perugia [A.] 1896:16 [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 16; ref. 14615] St. Pierre, Martinique Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MSNG 6695. •Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Motomura et al. 2002:365 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:9 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:77 [ref. 27970]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

approximans, Polynemus Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.] 1839:57 [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] San Blas and Mazatlán, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): not preserved. Based on a sketch and a brief description by Mr. Collie. See Motomura et al. 2002:362 [ref. 26500] for remarks about type specimens. •Valid as Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett 1839) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:41 [ref. 37559], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:235 [ref. 9277], Pequeño 1989:63 [ref. 14125], Allen & Robertson 1994:195 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:138 [ref. 23101], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1386 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:467 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:192 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:353 [ref. 24550], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:125 [ref. 25206], Motomura et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25548], Motomura et al. 2002:359 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:5 [ref. 27601], Nelson et al. 2004:146 [ref. 27807], Motomura 2004:44 [ref. 27970], Motomura 2004:44 [ref. 27970], Love et al. 2005:126 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:150 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34871], Kells et al. 2016:248 [ref. 35888], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:91 [ref. 35859], Burton & Lea 2019:76 [ref. 37205], González-Murcia et al. 2019:305 [ref. 36544], Angulo et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37425], Angulo 2021:7 [ref. 38913], Love et al. 2021:164 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:41 [ref. 40676], Page et al. 2023:130 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:365 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981], Fricke et al. 2024:335 [ref. 41622], Victor et al. 2024:78 [ref. 42021]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett 1839). Polynemidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: central California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

auratus, Polydactylus McKay [R. J.] 1970:9 [Western Australian Fisheries Bulletin v. 9 (no. 5); ref. 19157] Napier Broome Bay, 2 miles west of the Drysdale River, Western Australia, depth 5 fathoms. Holotype: WAM P.16792-001. Paratypes: WAM P.16793-001 (1), P.16794-001 (1), P.16795-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:32 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:35 [ref. 30117]. •Synonym of Polydactylus multiradiatus (Günther 1860) -- (Feltes 2001:3108 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:183 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:268 [ref. 26389], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:59 [ref. 27970], Hoese et al. 2006:1254 [ref. 29092]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus multiradiatus (Günther 1860). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

californiensis, Polynemus Thominot [A.] 1886:161 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 10; ref. 17904] California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1884-0487. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:717-718 [ref. 21541]. •Synonym of Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett 1839) -- (Motomura et al. 2002:359 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:5 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:44 [ref. 27970]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett 1839). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

longipes, Polydactylus Motomura [H.], Okamoto [M.] & Iwatsuki [Y.] 2001:1087, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2001 (no. 4); ref. 25826] Davao market, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 363173. Paratypes: FSKU-P 19840 (1), MUFS 20290 (1). •Valid as Polydactylus longipes Motomura, Okamoto & Iwatsuki 2001 -- (Motomura 2002:176 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:48 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Lim et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30734], Motomura et al. 2011:159 [ref. 31633]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus longipes Motomura, Okamoto & Iwatsuki 2001. Polynemidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

luparensis, Polydactylus Lim [P. K. A.], Motomura [H.] & Gambang [A. C.] 2010:64, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 2405; ref. 30734] Mouth of Batang Lupar River, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia, 1°27'68"N, 111°01'83"E, depth 3-5 meters. Holotype: IPPS 08-01. Paratypes: IPPS 08-02 (1), 08-231 (1); KAUM-I.13252 (1). •Valid as Polydactylus luparensis Lim, Motomura & Gambang 2010 -- (Kottelat 2013:354 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus luparensis Lim, Motomura & Gambang 2010. Polynemidae. Distribution: Batang Lupar River, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

macrochir, Polynemus Günther [A.] 1867:60 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 115); ref. 1988] New South Wales, Australia [but probably in error for Queensland]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.2.13.17. •Valid as Polydactylus macrochir (Günther 1867) -- (Larson & Williams 1997:365 [ref. 23967], Motomura et al. 2000:328 [ref. 25060], Motomura et al. 2001:293 [ref. 25546], Feltes 2001:3105 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:176 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:274 [ref. 26389], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:49 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Hoese et al. 2006:1253 [ref. 29092], Larson 2013:147 [ref. 32988], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus macrochir (Günther 1867). Polynemidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southern New Guinea and northern Australia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

malagasyensis, Polydactylus Motomura [H.] & Iwatsuki [Y.] 2001:338, Figs. 1, 7a, 8a [Ichthyological Research v. 48 (no.4 ); ref. 25783] Estuary of Mananjary River, about 100 meters from sea, Mananjary, eastern Madagascar, 21°05'S, 48°27'E. Holotype: AMNH 88029. Paratypes: AMNH 231222 (3); AMS I.28114-009 (2); ANSP 54807 (1), 77390 (1), 86372 (2); CAS 66577 (3), 131390 (2); MUFS 20381 (1); NRM 10479-80 (3, 4); SAM 34057 (3); USNM 171045 (1), 278209 (1), 301505 (1), 307631 (1), 358684 (3), 363484 (3). Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:222 [ref. 35805]. •Valid as Polydactylus malagasyensis Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001 -- (Motomura & Senou 2002:29 [ref. 26355], Motomura 2002:179 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:54 [ref. 27970], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:371 [ref. 28072], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Fricke et al. 2018:222 [ref. 35805], Motomura 2022:89 [ref. 39900]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus malagasyensis Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001. Polynemidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya) east to Madagascar. Habitat: brackish, marine.

mango, Polynemus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:411, 413 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] America. No types known. •Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Motomura 2004:9 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:77 [ref. 27970]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

melanopoma, Polynemus Günther [A.] 1864:148 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 3) (for 22 Mar. 1864); ref. 13930] San José, (Pacific) Guatemala. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.1.26.321. •Synonym of Polydactylus opercularis (Gill 1863) -- (Motomura et al. 2002:362 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:65 [ref. 27970]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus opercularis (Gill 1863). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

microstoma, Polynemus Bleeker [P.] 1851:217 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 330] Bulucomba [Balukumba], southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6044. Stoma is a Greek noun, indeclinable. •Valid as Polydactylus microstomus (Bleeker 1851) -- (Motomura et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35490], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:239 [ref. 41223]). •Valid as Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851) -- (Mishra & Krishnan 1993:289 [ref. 23743], Motomura et al. 2000:331 [ref. 25060], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:622 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:102 [ref. 26368], Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001:338 [ref. 25783], Feltes 2001:3107 [ref. 26107], Motomura & Senou 2002:29 [ref. 26355], Motomura 2002:180 [ref. 26356], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:55 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Randall 2005:289 [ref. 28239], Motomura 2009:169 [ref. 30446], Barman & Mishra 2010:21 [ref. 41389], Kottelat 2013:354 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:94 [ref. 33932], Miesen et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34492], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Psomadakis et al. 2020:498 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851). Polynemidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: India and Myanmar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to New Caledonia. IUCN (2017): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mullani, Polynemus sextarius var. Hora [S. L.] 1926:453, Fig. 1 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 27 (pt 6); ref. 2207] Mumbai, India. Holotype: ZSI F10747. Paratypes: ZSI F10748-10750 (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:142 [ref. 20743]. •Valid as Polydactylus mullani (Hora 1926) -- (Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001:344 [ref. 25783], Motomura & Senou 2002:29 [ref. 26355], Motomura 2002:182 [ref. 26356], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:57 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Barman & Mishra 2010:22 [ref. 41389], Béarez et al. 2011:167 [ref. 31636], Psomadakis et al. 2015:281 [ref. 34104], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321], Motomura 2022:90 [ref. 39900], Moazzam & Osmany 2025:374 [ref. 42147]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus mullani (Hora 1926). Polynemidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Oman east to India. IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

multiradiatus, Polynemus Günther [A.] 1860:324 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] China coast [but probably erroneous]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1852.5.4.5 (stuffed). •Valid as Polydactylus multiradiatus (Günther 1860) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Johnson 1999:743 [ref. 25471], Motomura et al. 2000:293 [ref. 25546], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Feltes 2001:3108 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:183 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:268 [ref. 26389], Motomura et al. 2002:364 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:6-7 [ref. 27601], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:107 [ref. 27510], Motomura 2004:59 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Hoese et al. 2006:1254 [ref. 29092], Larson 2013:147 [ref. 32988], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:239 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus multiradiatus (Günther 1860). Polynemidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: southern Indonesia and northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

naso, Polynemus Walbaum [J. J.] 1793:108 [J. T. Kleinii ichthyologia enodata; ref. 12604] Probably Brazil. No types known. Polynemus naso Walbaum 1793 is a nomen oblitum that can be suppressed if conditions of Art. 23.9.1.1 and Art. 23.9.1.2 are met. Donndorff 1798:681 [ref. 17407] cited Klein, Walbaum and others and was not an original description. •Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Motomura 2004:9 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:77 [ref. 27970]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nigripinnis, Polydactylus Munro [I. S. R.] 1964:156, Fig. 4 [Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 3058] 2.5 miles off east head of Purari River, Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea, depth 4.75 fathoms. Holotype: CSIRO A 1828. Paratypes: CSIRO A 1827 (1), A 1829-30 (1, 1). •Valid as Polydactylus nigripinnis Munro 1964 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:110 [ref. 25477], Allen 1997:176 [ref. 23977], Motomura et al. 2001:86 [ref. 24248], Motomura et al. 2001:1087 [ref. 25826], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847], Feltes 2001:3109 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:184 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:275 [ref. 26389], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:107 [ref. 27510], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:61 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Hoese et al. 2006:1254 [ref. 29092], Larson 2013:147 [ref. 32988], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:239 [ref. 41223]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus nigripinnis Munro 1964. Polynemidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Arafura Sea, southern New Guinea and and northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

octofilis, Trichidion Gill [T. N.] 1861:280 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13; ref. 1779] New York, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 15074 (poor condition). •Synonym of Polydactylus octonemus (Girard 1858) -- (Feltes 2003:1580 [ref. 27096], Motomura 2004:62 [ref. 27970]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus octonemus (Girard 1858). Polynemidae. Habitat: marine.

octonemus, Polynemus Girard [C. F.] 1858:167 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10; ref. 1813] Brazos Santiago, and Galveston, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 22900 [ex USNM] (1), USNM 739 (orig. 8, now 2), 762 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:144 [ref. 13621]. See also Girard 1859:19, Pl. 10 (figs. 5-9) [ref. 13405]. •Valid as Polydactylus octonemus (Girard 1858) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:215 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:154 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:381 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:388 [ref. 24474], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:354 [ref. 24550], Motomura et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25548], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Feltes 2003:1580 [ref. 27096], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:86 [ref. 27192], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Nelson et al. 2004:146 [ref. 27807], Motomura 2004:62 [ref. 27970], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:407 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:150 [ref. 32708], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36407], Carvalho-Filho 2023:203 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:130 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:335 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus octonemus (Girard 1858). Polynemidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New York south to Florida (U.S.A.), including Gulf of Mexico. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

oligodon, Polynemus Günther [A.] 1860:322 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Jamaica. Lectotype: BMNH 1853.4.18.23. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1848.1.12.890 (1, skin) Jamaica. Lectotype was designated by Randall 1966:601 [ref. 27197]. •Valid as Polydactylus oligodon (Günther 1860) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:396 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:215 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:381 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:386 [ref. 24474], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:401 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Motomura et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25548], Camargo & Isaac 2001:142 [ref. 27639], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Feltes 2003:1581 [ref. 27096], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:86 [ref. 27192], Dennis et al. 2004:78 [ref. 31601], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Nelson et al. 2004:146 [ref. 27807], Motomura 2004:63 [ref. 27970], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:408 [ref. 28815], Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:150 [ref. 32708] Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:56 [ref. 33341], Nión et al. 2016:48 [ref. 35565], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Spier et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36103], Schmidt & Wright 2020:247 [ref. 37821], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:595 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:203 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:116 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:130 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:335 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus oligodon (Günther 1860). Polynemidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to southern Brazil, including southern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

opercularis, Trichidion Gill [T. N.] 1863:168 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] Western coast of Central America [probably Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico]. Holotype (unique): USNM 4954 or 4955 (both lost). Type catalog: Smith 2018:81 [ref. 36061]. See Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500] for comment about type locality. •Valid as Polydactylus opercularis (Gill 1863) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:29 [ref. 39147], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:236 [ref. 9277], Pequeño 1989:63 [ref. 14125], Allen & Robertson 1994:195 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:138 [ref. 23101] as operularis [sic], Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1387 [ref. 22830], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:192 [ref. 24555], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:125 [ref. 25206], Motomura et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25548], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Nelson et al. 2004:146 [ref. 27807], Motomura 2004:65 [ref. 27970], Love et al. 2005:126 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:151 [ref. 32708], Kells et al. 2016:248 [ref. 35888], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:91 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:305 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:164 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:42 [ref. 40676], Page et al. 2023:130 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:366 [ref. 40816], Fricke et al. 2024:335 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus opercularis (Gill 1863). Polynemidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

persicus, Polydactylus Motomura [H.] & Iwatsuki [Y.] 2001:347, Figs. 5, 7d, 8b [Ichthyological Research v. 48 (no.4 ); ref. 25783] Kuwait Bay, Kuwait, Persian Gulf, 29°30'N, 47°50'E. Holotype: MCZ 60001. Paratypes: AMS I.40432-001 (1); BMNH 2000.9.25.1 (1); KU 10528 (1); MCZ 592251 (5, 1 c&s), 158350 (2); MUFS 20410 (1); USNM 363075 (1). •Valid as Polydactylus persicus Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001 -- (Motomura & Senou 2002:29 [ref. 26355], Motomura 2002:185 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:66 [ref. 27970], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Eagderi et al. 2019:93 [ref. 37020], Motomura 2022:90 [ref. 39900]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus persicus Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001. Polynemidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf endemic. Habitat: marine.

plumierii, Polydactylus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:419, 420, Pl. 14 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] No locality stated. No types known. •Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Motomura 2004:9 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:77 [ref. 27970]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

quadrifilis, Polynemus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:390, Pl. 68 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0756 (poor condition). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1972:719 [ref. 21541]. •Valid as Polynemus quadrifilis Cuvier 1829 -- (Daget & Njock 1986:354 [ref. 6216], Njock 1990:867 [ref. 18540], Reiner 2019:219 [ref. 38139]). •Valid as Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier 1829) -- (Daget in Lévêque et al. 1992:794 [ref. 21590], Motomura et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25548], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Motomura 2004:8 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:70 [ref. 27970], Snoeks & Vreven 2007:447 [ref. 30079], Wirtz et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32972], Motomura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2628 [ref. 34618], Skelton 2019:228 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:230 [ref. 39448], Oladipo et al. 2025:44 [ref. 42344]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier 1829). Polynemidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sextarius, Polynemus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:18, Pl. 4 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 565. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:117 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Polynemus sextarius Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Mohsin & Ambak 1996:210 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:38 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:45 [ref. 19754], Smith 1986:721 [ref. 5712], Daget & Njock 1986:354 [ref. 6216], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:910 [ref. 20764], Mishra & Krishnan 1993:290 [ref. 23743], Goren & Dor 1994:52 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:233 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:188 [ref. 23922], Motomura et al. 1999:57 [ref. 23928], Fricke 1999:306 [ref. 24106], Mishra et al. 1999:88 [ref. 25315], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:622 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:968 [ref. 25182], Motomura et al. 2000:115 [ref. 25299], Matsuura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:256 [ref. 27511], Motomura et al. 2001:86 [ref. 24248], Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001:350 [ref. 25783], Motomura et al. 2001:1087 [ref. 25826], Feltes 2001:3112 [ref. 26107], Motomura & Senou 2002:29 [ref. 26355], Nakabo 2002:968 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:346, 618 [ref. 26218], Motomura 2002:189 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S111 [ref. 27377], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710] with author as Bloch, Motomura 2004:8 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:74 [ref. 27970], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:371 [ref. 28072], Motomura et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28177], Barman & Mishra 2010:29 [ref. 41389], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2015:61 [ref. 34319], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Ali et al. 2018:334 [ref. 36183], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:189 [ref. 36460], Motomura in Koeda & Ho 2019:892 [ref. 42393], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 13 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:499 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:380 [ref. 39830], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:239 [ref. 41223], Motomura 2022:91 [ref. 39900], Moazzam & Osmany 2025:376 [ref. 42147]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Polynemidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Myanmar east to Vietnam and New Guinea, north to southern Japan. IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: brackish, marine.

sheridani, Polynemus Macleay [W.] 1884:21 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 1); ref. 4932] Mary River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): ?MAMU (whereabouts unknown, probably lost). •Valid as Polydactylus sheridani (Macleay 1884) -- (Mishra & Krishnan 1993:289 [ref. 23743], Johnson 1999:743 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:38 [ref. 25847]). •Synonym of Polydactylus macrochir (Günther 1867) -- (Motomura et al. 2000:328 [ref. 25060], Motomura et al. 2001:302 [ref. 25548], Feltes 2001:3105 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:176 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:274 [ref. 26389], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:49 [ref. 27970], Hoese et al. 2006:1253 [ref. 29092]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus macrochir (Günther 1867). Polynemidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

specularis, Polynemus De Vis [C. W.] 1883:285 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 1088] Brisbane River, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: QM I.28 (1, apparently lost). •Synonym of Polydactylus multiradiatus (Günther 1860) -- (Feltes 2001:3108 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:183 [ref. 26356], Motomura et al. 2002:268 [ref. 26389], Motomura 2004:7 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:59 [ref. 27970], Hoese et al. 2006:1254 [ref. 29092]). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus multiradiatus (Günther 1860). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

virginicus, Polynemus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:317 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America. No types known. Misspelled verginicus by Walbaum 1792:630 [ref. 4572]. •Valid as Polynemus virginicus Linnaeus 1758 -- (López et al. 2002:65 [ref. 26808]). •Valid as Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:215 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:381 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:387 [ref. 24474], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:218 [ref. 22947], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:269 [ref. 25013], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:401 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Motomura et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25548], Camargo & Isaac 2001:142 [ref. 27639], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Feltes 2003:1582 [ref. 27096], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:86 [ref. 27192], Motomura 2004:9 [ref. 27601], Smith et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:146 [ref. 27807], Motomura 2004:77 [ref. 27970], Dennis et al. 2004:78 [ref. 31601], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:409 [ref. 28815], Matamoros et al. 2009:19 [ref. 31241], Page et al. 2013:151 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1003 [ref. 33194], Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503], Catelani et al. 2014:933 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:56 [ref. 33341], Marceniuk et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35324], Nión et al. 2016:48 [ref. 35565], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Spier et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36717], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:596 [ref. 38945], Koerber et al. 2022:68 [ref. 39235], Angulo et al. 2023:42 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:203 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:63 [ref. 40710], Page et al. 2023:130 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:336 [ref. 41622], Lardizabal et al. 2025:506 [ref. 42619]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758). Polynemidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to northern Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

zophomus, Polydactylus Jordan [D. S.] & McGregor [E. A.] in Jordan & Seale 1907:11, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 606) (for 1906); ref. 2498] Cavite Province, Manila Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype: CAS-SU 20113 [not USNM 55598]. Paratypes: ?CAS-SU 20111 (1), USNM 55598 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:69 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Polydactylus microstomus (Bleeker 1851) -- (Motomura et al. 2001:302 [ref. 25548], Motomura & Iwatsuki 2001:339 [ref. 25783], Feltes 2001:3107 [ref. 26107], Motomura 2002:180 [ref. 26356], Motomura 2004:6 [ref. 27601], Motomura 2004:55 [ref. 27970], Kottelat 2013:354 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851). Current status: Synonym of Polydactylus microstoma (Bleeker 1851). Polynemidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.