Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Pomadasys: [ 68 ] records

affine, Pristipoma Fischer [J. G.] 1885:66 [Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten v. 2; ref. 18083] Eloby, Cameroon. Lectotype: ZMH H198 [ex ZMH 3898]. Paralectotypes: ZMH H197 [ex ZMH 3897] (1). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:406 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Lectotype selected by Ladiges et al. 1958:163 [ref. 19181]. •Questionably in the synonymy of Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

aheneus, Pomadasys McKay [R. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:251, Figs. 1A-B. [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 38 (pt 1); ref. 22153] Raysut Rock, Salalah, off Salalah Harbor, 16°56'01"N, 54°00'08"E, Oman, Arabian Sea, depth 6 meters. Holotype: BPBM 35931. Paratypes: BPBM 36055 (3), 36161 (1), 36166 (1), QM 29206 (1). •Valid as Pomadasys aheneus McKay & Randall 1995 -- (Randall 1995:211 [ref. 22896], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Matsunuma et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30884], Psomadakis et al. 2015:256 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Eagderi et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:166 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:278 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys aheneus McKay & Randall 1995. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Oman and Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

anas, Pristipoma Valenciennes [A.] 1862:[8] [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 54; ref. 4506] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2584. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:38 [ref. 21546]. On p. 8 of separate. •Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Fricke 1999:290 [ref. 24106], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:279 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

andamanensis, Pomadasys McKay [R. J.] & Satapoomin [U.] 1994:1, Fig. 1 [Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin No. 59; ref. 21591] Kata Bay, Phuket, Thailand. Holotype (unique): PMBC 10068. •Valid as Pomadasys andamanensis McKay & Satapoomin 1994 -- (Iwatsuki et al. 1999:80 [ref. 23960], Satapoomin & Randall 2000:15 [ref. 25341], McKay 2001:2962 [ref. 26103], Satapoomin in Motomura et al. 2009:154 [ref. 31130], Parenti 2019:166 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 37272], Habib et al. 2021:303 [ref. 38630], Hasan et al. 2022:33 [ref. 39085], Das & Sivaperuman 2023:1930 [ref. 40305]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys andamanensis McKay & Satapoomin 1994. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Northeastern Indian Ocean: Andaman Islands (India), Bangladesh, Myanmar and west coast of Thailand (Andaman Sea). Habitat: marine.

argentea, Sciaena Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:xii, 51 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMUC P48218 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:65 [ref. 9588] with ZMUC P48218 as holotype, Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. As Sciaena argentea, nageb on p. 51; here two names for the same taxon. The name is binominal as Sciaena argentea in the index on p. xii, but in the text on p. 51, two alternative names are proposed, argentea or nageb. Both index and text are linked together by the species code ‘60’; the name Sciaena argentea is available by indication (ICZN, Art. 12.2.2) (see Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]). Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pls. 19-20 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:844 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:116 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:2120 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:356 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:101 [ref. 26476], Larson & Williams 1997:360 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:178 [ref. 23922], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:842 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:344 [ref. 25191], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:238 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:100 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:35 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2983 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:842 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Peristiwady et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:98 [ref. 27510], Khan 2003:9 [ref. 27710], Randall 2005:265 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1223 [ref. 29090], Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182], Hata et al. 2012:27 [ref. 32412]. Tavera et al.2012:6 [ref. 32469], Larson et al. 2013:138 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 33298], Yoshida et al. 2013:142 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:425 [ref. 33460], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2015:55 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:257 [ref. 34104], Miesen et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34492], Motomura et al. 2017:144 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:209 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Suresh et al. 2018:242 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:69 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 37272], Habib et al. 2021:303 [ref. 38630], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:207 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:278 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:161 [ref. 40522], Fitori et al. 2023:180 [ref. 40171], Jamandre 2023:172 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Philippines, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia); southeastern Mediterranean (Red Sea migrant). Habitat: brackish, marine.

argenteus, Holocentrus Bennett [J. W.] 1828:unnum. p., Pl. 6 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka. No types known. Also in London Mag. Nat. Hist. I (June), Reviews no. II, 1829. Secondarily preoccupied in Pomadasys by Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). •Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43 [ref. 21456] as furcatum, Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

argyreum, Pristipoma Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:485 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Coromandel coast, India; Sumatra, Indonesia; Mauritius (Mascarenes); Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7698 (1) Coromandel coast, 0000-7703 (1) Jakarta, 0000-7704 (1) Sumatra. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:39 [ref. 21546] with holotype (7698) and paratypes. •Valid as Pomadasys argyreus (Valenciennes 1833) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:844 [ref. 20764], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:283 [ref. 24014], Fricke 1999:285 [ref. 24106], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], McKay 2001:2984 [ref. 26103], Psomadakis et al. 2015:257 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:144 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 37272], Habib et al. 2021:304 [ref. 38630], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:207 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:278 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys argyreus (Valenciennes 1833). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India, Bangladesh and Myanmar east to New Guinea, north to Philippines. Habitat: marine.

auritum, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:263 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Thailand. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN or BMNH. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:48 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Pomadasys auritus (Cuvier 1830) -- (Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:35 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2985 [ref. 26103], Allen et al. 2006:1224 [ref. 29090], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys auritus (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Gulf of Thailand endemic. Habitat: marine.

bennettii, Pristipoma Lowe [R. T.] 1838:176 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 2 (pt 3, art. 14); ref. 2831] Off Madeira. Holotype: BMNH 1860.7.14.7. •Valid as Pomadasys bennettii (Lowe 1838) -- (Roux 1973:391 [ref. 7200]). •Synonym of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Roux 1990:786 [ref. 18781], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:89 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:41 [ref. 37112], Carpenter & Johnson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2561 [ref. 34618], Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

bipunctatus, Pomadasys Kner [R.] in Steindachner 1898:286 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Jena, Supplementband v. 4; ref. 4238] Iquique, northern Chile. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Pomadasys bipunctatus Kner 1898 -- (Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys bipunctatus Kner 1898. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: central and northern Chile endemic. Habitat: marine.

boucardi, Pristipoma Steindachner [F.] 1869:125 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 6 (no. 16) (for 17 June 1869); ref. 20469] Gulf of Mexico. Holotype (unique): NMW. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1869:120 [p. 1 of separate], Pl. 1 [ref. 4216]. •Synonym of Pomadasys crocro (Cuvier 1830) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:340 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Pomadasys ramosus (Poey 1860) -- (Miller 2006:350 [ref. 28615], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys ramosus (Poey 1860). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caripa, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] 1829:176 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] East Indies and India. Syntypes: Among 8702 (1, lost), 8703 (1), 8712 (1, lost). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:39 [ref. 21546] based on 1830 description. On Russell 1803, pl. 124 and Bloch, pl. 326 (fig. 2). See also Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:261 [ref. 999]. •Synonym of Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793) -- (Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757], Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209], Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:280 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chrysobalion, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:248 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] No locality [= Java, Indonesia]. Holotype (unique): not at RMNH or MNHN. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:48 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Pomadasys hasta (Bloch 1790) -- (Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209]). •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

commersonnii, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:431, 477, Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Grand golfe de l'Inde [rivers of Madagascar]. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:97 [ref. 19171], Bauchot et al. 1983:47 [ref. 21546]. Based on a drawing in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Type locality according to Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:253 [ref. 999]. •Synonym of Pomadasys hasta (Bloch 1790) -- (Roux 1986:328 [ref. 6209]). •Valid as Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:568 [ref. 5716], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:845 [ref. 20764], Randall 1995:212 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:357 [ref. 27969] as commersonni, Carpenter et al. 1997:178 [ref. 23922], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:190 [ref. 28072], Jawad et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33531], Psomadakis et al. 2015:257 [ref. 34104], Fricke et al. 2018:209 [ref. 35805], Jawad et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:70 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36871], Damadi et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38698], Heemstra 2022:279 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:162 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles and Madagascar east to west coast of India. Habitat: brackish, marine.

diplodon, Dentex Bowdich [S. L.] 1825:235, Fig. 46 [Fishes of Madeira; ref. 590] Porto Praya, St. Jago Island, Cape Verde Islands. Unused senior synonym of Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830), therefore reversal of prwecedence (see Parenti 2019:93 [ref. 36892]). •In the synonymy of Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti 2019:93 [ref. 36892], Parenti 2019:7 [ref. 36934], Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

dussumieri, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:259 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Malabar, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-7693. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:40 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801) -- (Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

elongatus, Cantharus Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:32 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:65 [ref. 20898]. Unused senior synonym of Pomadasys olivaceus (Day 1875); therefore reversal of precedence. •Synonym of Pomadasys olivaceus (Day 1875) -- (Parenti 2019:93 [ref. 36892]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys olivaceus (Day 1875). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

empherus, Pomadasys Bussing [W. A.] 1993:246, Figs. 1-2 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 41 (no. 2); ref. 19564] Estero Negro, vicinity of Damas Estuary north of Quepos, Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Holotype: LACM 45569-1. Paratypes: LACM 45569-2 (1); UCR 1268-027 (1), 1690-12 (1). Type catalog: Angulo et al. 2015:382 [ref. 35212]. •Valid as Pomadasys empherus Bussing 1993 -- (McKay & Schneider in Fischer et al. 1995:1169 [ref. 22829], Angulo et al. 2013:1002 [ref. 33194], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys empherus Bussing 1993. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica endemic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

furcatus, Grammistes Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:187, Pl. 43 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] In India orientali [Indonesia]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 960. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:85 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757], Smith & McKay 1986:569 [ref. 5716] as furcatum, Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:213 [ref. 22896], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Fricke 1999:290 [ref. 24106], McKay 2001:2986 [ref. 26103] as furcatum, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377] as furcatum, Fricke et al. 2009:65 [ref. 30213] as furcatum, Psomadakis et al. 2015:258 [ref. 34104], Fricke et al. 2018:209 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321], Mohanty et al. 2020:1437 [ref. 37820], Psomadakis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 37272], Damadi et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38698], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:207 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:279 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Madagascar, western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius); Odisha (India) and Sri Lankaeast to Myanmar and western Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

grunniens, Anthias Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:308 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tana Island [Tanna Island], Vanuatu. Based on description in manuscript by Forster (Johann Reinhold Forster, 1729-1798, German explorer and naturalist of Cook's second voyage). •Valid as Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801) -- (Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar east to Philippines and Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

gudgutia, Coius Hamilton [F.] 1822:94, 370 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ganges River mouth, India. No types known. •In Pomadasis -- (Kottelat 2000:91 [ref. 25865]). •Synonym of Pomadasys hasta (Bloch 1790) -- (Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209] as gudjutia). •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

guoraca, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] 1829:176 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatam, India; Red Sea. Non-types: MNHN 0000-7692 (2) Malabar near Mahé. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:40 [ref. 21546] dated to 1830. Available from footnote 1: "Pr. guoraca, N., Russel., 132, ou Perca grunniens, Forsk., ou Anthias grunniens, Bl., Schn., 188." See also Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:256 [ref. 999]. Probably originally based on multiple species; neotype designation needed to restrict the species to current usage. •Valid as Pomadasys guoraca (Cuvier 1829) -- (Roux 1986:328 [ref. 6209], Randall 1995:211 [ref. 22896], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2018:210 [ref. 35805], Habib et al. 2021:304 [ref. 38630], Heemstra 2022:280 [ref. 39773]). •Synonym of Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801) -- (Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar east to Philippines [if valid]. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hasta, Lutjanus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:109, Pl. 246 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] Japan. Lectotype: ZMB 8713 (right skin). Paralectotypes: ZMB 969 (1, lost), 8721 (1, right skin) Type catalog: Paepke 1999:85 [ref. 24282]. On p. 86 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:85 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Pomadasys hasta (Bloch 1790) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:100 [ref. 19754], Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:173 [ref. 6441], Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757], Roux 1986:328 [ref. 6209], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:408 [ref. 23876], Chen et al. 1997:102 [ref. 26476], Mishra et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25315], Choi et al. 2003:340, 614 [ref. 26218]). •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Mohsin & Ambak 1996:356 [ref. 27969], McKay 2001:2983 [ref. 26103], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:335 [ref. 28867], Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:209 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

incisus, Anomalodon Bowdich [S. L.] 1825:237, Fig. 51 [Fishes of Madeira; ref. 590] Gambia. •Valid as Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Ben-Tuvia & McKay in Whitehead et al. 1986:862 [ref. 13676], Roux 1990:786 [ref. 18781], Serena & Silvestri 1996:409 [ref. 22784], Afonso et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:89 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Golani 2005:41 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:86 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:34 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32972], Bañón et al. 2014:323 [ref. 33674], Carpenter & Johnson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2561 [ref. 34618], Almeida & Alves 2019:270 [ref. 37509], Carneiro et al. 2019:263 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Parenti 2019:7 [ref. 36934], Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021], Reiner 2019:212 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:73 [ref. 37515], Doumpas et al. 2020:3 [ref. 38107], Kovačić et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:93 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:53 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:68 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:278 [ref. 39448]), Current status: Valid as Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Galicia (Spain) south to Angola, including Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), Carany Islands (Spain), and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

jubelini, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:250 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Senegal; Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN ?6222 (1), 6224 (1), 9439 (1) Gorée. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:40 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier 1830) -- (Penrith 1982:91 [ref. 30513], Smith & McKay 1986:569 [ref. 5716], Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209], Roux 1990:787 [ref. 18781], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:697 [ref. 21590], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:160 [ref. 25472], Snoeks & Vreven 2007:429 [ref. 30079], Kramer et al. 2016:unnumbered p. [ref. 34331], Félix et al. 2016:D [4] [ref. 34346], Carpenter & Johnson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2562 [ref. 34618], Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021], Reiner 2019:212 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:278 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritanial south to Namibia, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kaakan, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:244 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Arian River, Coupang [Kupang], Timor; Puducherry and Mahé, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0074 (2) Malabar, 7685 (1) Puducherry, 7687 (1) Puducherry, 7688 (1) Mahé, A-7815 (1) Puducherry, B-2982 [ex MNHN 0000-7688] (1) Mahé; ZMB 8721 (1, right skin). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:40-41 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Pomadasys hasta (Bloch 1790) -- (Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757], Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209]). •Valid as Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier 1830) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:569 [ref. 5716], Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:212 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:358 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:360 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:178 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:178 [ref. 25488], Myers 1999:150 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:736 [ref. 25471], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:131 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:35 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2987 [ref. 26103], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:191 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1224 [ref. 29090], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2009:155 [ref. 31130], Larson et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:425 [ref. 33460], Fricke et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:258 [ref. 34104], Hata et al. 2015:115 [ref. 34419], Ali 2017:8 [ref. 40067], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:210 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:97 [ref. 36273], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:165 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:243 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:70 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36673], Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 37272], Damadi et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38698], Taki et al. 2021:370 [ref. 39830], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:207 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:280 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:163 [ref. 40522], Nakamura et al. 2024:1 [ref. 41288]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

korker, Perca Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:397, 418 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Red Sea. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:116 [ref. 12478]. Spelled korker on p. 397; korkor on p. 418. Unneeded replacement name for Sciaena stridens Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

laurentino, Rhonciscus Smith [J. L. B.] 1953:12, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Memorias do Museu Dr. Alvaro de Castro No. 2; ref. 4087] Off Lourenço Marques, southern Mozambique Channel, western Indian Ocean, depth about 60 fathoms. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 14. •Valid as Pomadasys laurentino (Smith 1953) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:570 [ref. 5716], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:280 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys laurentino (Smith 1953). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique endemic. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Anthias Bloch [M. E.] 1793:7, Pl. 326 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] East Indies. Syntypes: ZMB 8714 (1, right skin). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:84 [ref. 24282]. On p. 5 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

macrolepidotus, Johnius Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:76 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. No types known. •Incertae sedis in Haemulidae, possibly Pomadasys guoraca (Cuvier 1829)-- (Parenti 2020:58 [ref. 37439]). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

maculatus, Anthias Bloch [M. E.] 1793:9, Pl. 326 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] East Indies. Lectotype: ZMB 8703 (right skin). Paralectotypes: ZMB 8702 (1, dry, lost), 8712 (1, dry, lost). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:84 [ref. 24282]. On p. 7 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:84 [ref. 24282]. Original spelling is maculatus, checked 7/02. Both Anthias and Pomadasys are masculine. •Valid as Pomadasys maculatum (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:570 [ref. 5716], Allen & Swainston 1988:82 [ref. 25477], Allen 1997:128 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:179 [ref. 23922], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:248 [ref. 24754], Johnson 1999:737 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:842 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:132 [ref. 25480], Larson et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32988], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:424 [ref. 33460], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2015:55 [ref. 34319]). •Valid as Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:101 [ref. 19754], Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:173 [ref. 6441], Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757], Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209], Yu & Zhou in Kuang et al. 1986:244 [ref. 26639] dated 1797, Ye in Pan et al. 1991:406 [ref. 23876], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:227 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:213 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:358 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:102 [ref. 26476] dated 1797, Iwatsuki et al. 1998:199 [ref. 23384], Mishra et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25315], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:239 [ref. 27511] dating to 1797, Hutchins 2001:35 [ref. 25847], McKay 2001:2988 [ref. 26103], Nakabo 2002:842 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:36 [ref. 27712], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:192 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1224 [ref. 29090], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2009:155 [ref. 31130], Yoshida et al. 2013:142 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:424 [ref. 33460], Psomadakis et al. 2015:2548 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:144 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:210 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:98 [ref. 36273], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2018:165 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:70 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 37272], Damadi et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38698], Habib et al. 2021:305 [ref. 38630], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:209 [ref. 41223], Heemstra 2022:280 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

manadense, Pristipoma Günther [A.] 1872:657 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1871.9.1.8. •Synonym of Pomadasys hasta (Bloch 1790) -- (Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209]). •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Miesen et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34492], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

microstomus, Lutjanus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:181, 216 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Grand océan équinoxial [rivers of Madagascar]. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1981:37 [ref. 21549], Bauchot et al. 1983:47 [ref. 21546]. Unneeded replacement name for Labrus commersonnii Lacepède (ex Commerson) 1801. Based on a drawing in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Type locality according to Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:253 [ref. 999]. Illustrated in Lacepède 1801:Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [ref. 2710] as Labrus commersonnii. •Synonym of Pomadasys hasta (Bloch 1790) -- (Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209]). •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Fricke et al. 2018:209 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

multimaculatum, Pristipoma Playfair [R. L.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:23, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Bagamoia [Bagamoyo, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean]; Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.3.9.153 (1, skin, labelled holotype) Zanzibar. •Valid as Pomadasys multimaculatum (Playfair 1867) -- (Roux 1986:329 [ref. 6209], Smith & McKay 1986:570 [ref. 5716], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:207 [ref. 22896]). •Valid as Pomadasys multimaculatus (Playfair 1867) -- (Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:191 [ref. 28072], Psomadakis et al. 2015:259 [ref. 34104], Fricke et al. 2018:210 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:70 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 24 [ref. 38321] misidentified, Heemstra 2022:281 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys multimaculatus (Playfair 1867). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean:Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to India and northern Western Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nageb, Pristipoma Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:124, Pl. 30 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMUC P48218 (1, dry skin). Lectotype erroneously established by Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757] as SMF 1756, with paralectotypes SMF 7523-24 (2), 7527 (1, skeleton); these specimens cannot be considered as type material. Not an independent species description, but based on Sciaena nageb Forsskål 1775 and Sciaena nageb Bonnaterre 1788, with different genus allocation; description also based on new material (see Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]). Kottelat (2013:348) differs in his interpretation. •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:150 [ref. 29757], Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182], Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nageb, Sciaena Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:121 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMUC P48218 (dry skin) Based on Sciaena argentea, nageb of Forsskål 1775:51 [ref. 1351]. •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nageb, Sciaena Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:51 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] See account of Sciaena argentea Forsskål 1775. •In the synonymy of Pomadasys argentea (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:278 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

neilli, Pristipoma Day [F.] 1868:936 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 3) (art. 7); ref. 21114] Madras, India. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.11.6.28. Day Specimens: ZSI 3026 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Synonym of Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801) -- (Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys grunniens (Forster 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

nitidus, Polotus Blyth [E.] 1858:283 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Calcutta fish market, India, Bay of Bengal. No types known. •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

olivaceum, Pristipoma Day [F.] 1875:73, Pl. 19 (fig. 1) [The fishes of India Part 1; ref. 1080] Coasts of Baluchistan, Pakistan and Sind, Pakistan, Arabian Sea. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.8335 (1, syntype) Sind, BMNH 1889.2.1.2935-39 (5); MNHN 0000-9380 (1) Sind; NMW 37382 (1); ZSI 1992 (1, figured specimen). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762], Bauchot et al. 1983:41 [ref. 21546]. Preceded by the unused name Cantharus elongatus Castelnau 1861, which was declared a nomen oblitum (Parenti 2019:93 [ref. 36892]); therefore reversal of precedence. •Valid as Pomadasys olivaceus (Day 1875) -- (Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757], Roux 1986:330 [ref. 6209], Smith & McKay 1986:570 [ref. 5716] as olivaceum, Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:213 [ref. 22896], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:192 [ref. 28072], Jawad et al. 2014:21 [ref. 33531], Psomadakis et al. 2015:259 [ref. 34104], Narasimhaiah et al. 2016:69 [ref. 34975] as olivaceum, Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:210 [ref. 35805], Jawad et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:70 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 37272], Damadi et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38698], Heemstra 2022:281 [ref. 39773]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Pomadasys olivaceus (Day 1875). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Namibia; Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Myanmar and Andaman Sea and western Indonesia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

operculare, Pristipoma Playfair [R. L.] in Playfair & Günther 1867:24, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Aden; Durban, KawZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1862.11.9.15 (1) Port Natal, 1863.12.19.5 (1) Port Natal, 1867.3.9.154 (1, skin) Aden. •Valid as Pomadasys opercularis (Playfair 1867) -- (Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757], Roux 1986:330 [ref. 6209], Goren & Dor 1994:41 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Randall 1995:212 [ref. 22896], Fricke et al. 2018:209 [ref. 35805], Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:279 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

orientalis, Lutjanus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:192, 235 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] East Indies. /. Syntypes: ZMB 8714 (1, right skin). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1981:37 [ref. 21549]. Unneeded new name for and objective synonym of Anthias lineatus Bloch 1793:Pl. 236 (fig. 1). •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

paikeeli, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:259 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Vizagapatam, India. Holotype (unique): **. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:48 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

perotaei, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:254 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6235. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:41 [ref. 21546] with original as perotoei. Collected by Pérotet, but not misspelled as perotaei; peroteti (e.g. Günther 1854) or perotetii regarded as unjustified emendations. Preceded by the unusued name Dentex diplodon Bowdich 1825, which was declared a nomen oblitum (see Parenti 2019:93 [ref. 36892]); therefore reversal of precedence. •Valid as Pomadasys peroteti [sic] (Cuvier 1830) -- (Roux 1986:330 [ref. 6209], Roux 1990:787 [ref. 18781], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:698 [ref. 21590], Afonso et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25466]). •Valid as Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830) -- (Snoeks & Vreven 2007:425 [ref. 30079], Wirtz et al. 2007:34 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32972], Carpenter & Johnson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2563 [ref. 34618], Carneiro et al. 2019:263 [ref. 37250], Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021], Reiner 2019:213 [ref. 38139] as pterotei, Fermon et al. 2022:278 [ref. 39448]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

pihloo, Pristipoma Richardson [J.] 1846:227 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH (lost). Type information: Whitehead 1970:215 [ref. 11606]. •Synonym of Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793) -- (Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

punctata, Corvina Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:9 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Durban, KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. No types known. •Synonym of Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Parenti 2020:58 [ref. 37439]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

punctulatum, Pristipoma Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:124, Pl. 30 (fig. 3) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 2238. •Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:151 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Pomadasys punctulatus (Rüppell 1838) -- (Randall 1995:213 [ref. 22896], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:425 [ref. 33460], Jawad et al. 2014:23 [ref. 33531], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Golani & Fricke 2018:98 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:70 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36871], Heemstra 2022:282 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:164 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys punctulatus (Rüppell 1838). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian: Socotra (Yemen), Oman and Persian Gulf. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

quadrilineatus, Pomadasys Shen [S.-C.] & Lin [W.-W.] 1984:6, Fig. 2 [Taiwan Museum Special Publications Series No. 4; ref. 13822] Tachi (Daxi), Taiwan. Holotype: NTUM 05686. Paratypes: NTUM 01175 (5), 05687-89 (1, 1, 3). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:46 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Pomadasys quadrilineatus Shen & Lin 1984 -- (Iwatsuki et al. 1995:455 [ref. 21595], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Nakabo 2000:842 [ref. 25086], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:132 [ref. 25480], Nakabo 2002:842 [ref. 26001], Matsunuma et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30884], Motomura et al. 2010:123 [ref. 31256], Ho & Shao 2011:46 [ref. 31432], Hata et al. 2012:27 [ref. 32412], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys quadrilineatus Shen & Lin 1984. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

ramosum, Pristipoma Poey [F.] 1860:186 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. No types known. P. ramosus differs from what is called P. crocro in Brazil (pers. comm. A. Carvalho, 10/10/2003). •Synonym of Pomadasys crocro (Cuvier 1830) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:340 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Pomadasys ramosus (Poey 1860) -- (Bussing 1998:292 [ref. 24179], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:85 [ref. 27192], Miller 2006:350 [ref. 28615], Page et al. 2013:150 [ref. 32708], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021], Carvalho-Filho 2023:168 [ref. 40480] as aff. ramosus, Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys ramosus (Poey 1860). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Mexico and Cuba south to Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rangii, Pristipoma Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:484 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6234 (2), 0000-7710 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:42 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830) -- (Roux 1986:330 [ref. 6209] as peroteti). •Synonym of Pomadasys suillus (Valenciennes 1833) -- (Roux 1990:788 [ref. 18781], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys suillus (Valenciennes 1833). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

rogerii, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:254 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6221. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:42 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Pomadasys rogerii (Cuvier 1830) -- (Roux 1986:330 [ref. 6209], Roux 1990:788 [ref. 18781], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:699 [ref. 21590], Afonso et al. 1999:74 [ref. 25466], Snoeks & Vreven 2007:425 [ref. 30079], Wirtz et al. 2007:34 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32972], Carpenter & Johnson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2564 [ref. 34618], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021], Reiner 2019:213 [ref. 38139] as rogeri, Fermon et al. 2022:278 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys rogerii (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ronchus, Pristipoma Valenciennes [A.] 1838:[25], Pl. 7 [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Canary Islands. Syntypes: MNHN A-7822 (1, not found), A-7823 (1), A-7824 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:42 [ref. 21546]. Dates to Pl. 7 in May 1838, p. 25 published in 1843. •Synonym of Pomadasys bennettii (Lowe 1838) -- (Roux 1973:391 [ref. 7200]). •Synonym of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Roux 1990:786 [ref. 18781], Parenti 2019:169 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

rostratum, Pristipoma Steindachner [F.] (ex Rapp) 1879:119 [1] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 80 (nos 1-2); ref. 4229] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Holotype (unique): SMNS 110. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Pomadasys olivaceus (Day 1875) -- (Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys olivaceus (Day 1875). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.

schyrii, Pomadasys Steindachner [F.] 1900:207 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 18); ref. 14771] Guayaquil, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:276 [ref. 28925]. Species originally spelled as above, but changed to schryi when species was illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1902:115, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [ref. 10435]. •Valid as Pomadasys schyri Steindachner 1900 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:41 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Pomadasys schyrii Steindachner 1900 -- (Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:379 [ref. 24555], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:394 [ref. 34894], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys schyrii Steindachner 1900. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Ecuador south to Peru. Habitat: marine.

simmene, Pristipoma Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:260 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7705 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:43 [ref. 21546]. •Synonym of Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:152 [ref. 29757], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:282 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

striatum, Pristipoma Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1908:153 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 14320] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 9950. •Valid as Pomadasys striatus (Gilchrist & Thompson 1908) -- (Dor 1984:152 [ref. 29757], Smith & McKay 1986:571 [ref. 5716], Goren & Dor 1994:42 [ref. 25356], Iwatsuki et al. 1995:457 [ref. 21595], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:193 [ref. 28072], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:73 [ref. 35264], Tavera 2012:6 [ref. 32469], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:282 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys striatus (Gilchrist & Thompson 1908). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) to southern Mozambique. Habitat: marine.

stridens, Perca Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] in Graells 1887:181 [Revista de los Progresos de las Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid v. 22 (no. 3); ref. 30438] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only, not available. Based on Perca stridens Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817, possibly an unpublished work. •In the synonymy of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825). •Nomen nudum in Haemulidae -- (Parenti 2019:187 [ref. 37021]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825). Haemulidae: Haemulinae.

stridens, Perca Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817:7 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only, not available. Possibly an unpublished work. See also Perca stridens Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler in Graells 1887:181 [ref. 30438]. •In the synonymy of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825). •Nomen nudum in Haemulidae -- (Parenti 2019:186 [ref. 37021]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich 1825). Haemulidae: Haemulinae.

stridens, Sciaena Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:50, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Neotype: HUJ 6708. Type catalog: Golani 2006:27 [ref. 28840], Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. Neotype designated by Iwatsuki et al. 1995:459 [ref. 21595]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:37 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Rhinciscus stridens (Forsskål 1775) -- (Ben-Tuvia 1977:99 [ref. 41444]). •Valid as Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål 1775) -- (Roux 1973:392 [ref. 7200], Dor 1984:152 [ref. 29757], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:173 [ref. 6441], Ben-Tuvia & McKay in Whitehead et al. 1986:863 [ref. 13676], Smith & McKay 1986:571 [ref. 5716], Goren & Dor 1994:42 [ref. 25356], Iwatsuki et al. 1995:457 [ref. 21595], Randall 1995:214 [ref. 22896], Serena & Silvestri 1996:409 [ref. 22784], Carpenter et al. 1997:179 [ref. 23922], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Iwatsuki et al. 1999:84 [ref. 23960], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:177 [ref. 26753], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:180, 193 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:41 [ref. 37112], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:425 [ref. 33460], Psomadakis et al. 2015:259 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:327 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[21] 259 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:210 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:98 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:111 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:71 [ref. 37020], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:128 [ref. 37515], Golani 2021:53 [ref. 38303], Damadi et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38698], Kovačić et al. 2021:69 [ref. 39014], Heemstra 2022:282 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:165 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to west coast of India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

suillum, Pristipoma Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:482 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Gorée, Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6238. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1983:43 [ref. 21546]. •Valid as Pomadasys suillus (Valenciennes 1833) -- (Roux 1986:330 [ref. 6209], Roux 1990:788 [ref. 18781], Afonso et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25466], Wirtz et al. 2007:34 [ref. 30263], Parenti 2019:171 [ref. 37021], Fermon et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys suillus (Valenciennes 1833). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including offshore islands. Habitat: marine.

taeniatus, Pomadasys McKay [R. J.] & Randall [J. E.] 1995:253, Fig. [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 38 (pt 1); ref. 22153] Oman, 16°58'00"N, 54°42'50"E, depth 3 meters. Holotype: BPBM 35841. Paratypes: NMW 38942 (2). •Valid as Pomadasys taeniatus McKay & Randall 1995 -- (Randall 1995:210 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:179 [ref. 23922], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S109 [ref. 27377], Parenti 2019:172 [ref. 37021], Zajonz et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36871], Heemstra 2022:282 [ref. 39773], Zajonz et al. 2022:166 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys taeniatus McKay & Randall 1995. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Socotra (Yemen), southern Oman. Habitat: marine.

taeniophorus, Pomadasys Regan [C. T.] 1908:251, Pl. 39 [Annals of the Natal Government Museum v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 14355] Kosi Bay, Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.11.19.65-66 (2). •Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith & McKay 1986:569 [ref. 5716] as furcatum, Parenti 2019:168 [ref. 37021], Heemstra 2022:279 [ref. 39773]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

templei, Pomadasys Meek [S. E.] 1904:201, Pl. 14 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 5; ref. 2958] Valles, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: FMNH 4504. Paratypes: FMNH 10567 (?). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:69 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Pomadasys crocro (Cuvier 1830) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:340 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Rhonciscus crocro (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti 2019:173 [ref. 37021]). •Synonym of Pomadasys ramosus (Poey 1860) -- (Miller 2006:350 [ref. 28615]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys ramosus (Poey 1860). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

therapon, Pristipoma Bleeker [P.] 1849:22 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 23 (no. 5); ref. 16906] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. No types known. Also appeared in Bleeker 1849:100 [ref. 16883]. •Synonym of Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch 1793). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: marine.

trifasciatus, Pomadasys Fowler [H. W.] 1937:235, Fig. 234 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 89; ref. 1425] Paknam, Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 68244. Paratypes: ANSP 68245-46 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:148 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Pomadasys trifasciatus Fowler 1937 -- (Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], McKay 2001:2989 [ref. 26103], Allen et al. 2006:1224 [ref. 29090], Larson et al. 2013:139 [ref. 32988], Imamura in Kimura et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34319], Motomura et al. 2017:145 [ref. 35490], Imamura in Kimura et al. 2018:166 [ref. 36460], Parenti 2019:172 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys trifasciatus Fowler 1937. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Bay of Bengal (India) and Myanmar east to Papua New Guinea, north to northern Vietnam and Philippines, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

trilineatus, Sparus Shaw [G.] 1803:472 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian Seas. ZMB 8714. Unneeded new name for Anthias lineatus Bloch 1793. •Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:348 [ref. 32989], Parenti 2019:167 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål 1775). Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

unimaculatus, Pomadasys Tian [M.-C.] 1982:324 (English p. 327), Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 3); ref. 8414] Beibu Gulf-Sanya fishing ground, off Hainan Island, China. Holotype: ASIO 56-8852. Paratypes: ASIO 56-8932 (31). •Valid as Pomadasys unimaculatus Tian 1982 -- (Iwatsuki et al. 1998:195 [ref. 23384], Johnson in Randall & Lim 2000:619 [ref. 25122], Motomura in Motomura et al. 2009:155 [ref. 31130], Motomura in Kimura et al. 2015:56 [ref. 34319], Parenti 2019:172 [ref. 37021], Psomadakis et al. 2020:473 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Pomadasys unimaculatus Tian 1982. Haemulidae: Haemulinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar, Andaman Sea and Malaysia east to South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

variolosum, Pristipoma Haly [A.] 1875:269 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 15 (no. 88) (art. 35); ref. 18241] Cameroon. Syntypes: BMNH 1866.6.26.4-5 (2). •Synonym of Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830) -- (Parenti 2019:170 [ref. 37021]). Current status: Synonym of Pomadasys perotaei (Cuvier 1830). Haemulidae. Habitat: marine.