Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Psalidodon: [ 71 ] records

aeneus, Tetragonopterus Hensel [R.] 1870:87 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 36 (pt. 1); ref. 18277] Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7479. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Tetragonopterus aeneus Günther 1860. Replaced by Astyanax henseli de Melo & Buckup 2006. •Synonym of Astyanax obscurus (Hensel 1870) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:111 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Astyanax henseli de Melo & Buckup 2006 -- (de Melo & Buckup 2006:46 [ref. 28622]). •Synonym of Psalidodon henseli (de Melo & Buckup 2006). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon henseli (de Melo & Buckup 2006). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

alleni, Tetragonopterus Eigenmann [C. H.] & McAtee [W. L.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:126, Pl. 40 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Corumba, río Otuquis, Ascunción, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 57616 [ex IU 10158]. Paratypes: CAS 57617 [ex IU 10159] (1), 57619 [ex IU 10161] (2), 57618 [ex IU 10160] (1); FMNH 52634 [ex IU] (1); ZMB 17010-11 and 13 (2, 1, 1), 23604 (2). •Valid as Ctenobrycon alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907) -- (Britski et al. 1999:36 [ref. 24147], Benine & Cassati in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Benine et al. 2010:59 [ref. 31067], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561] as cf. alleni). •Valid as Astyanax alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907) -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:258 [ref. 26608], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Psalidodon alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907)-- (Koerber et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41721], Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

anisitsi, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:16 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Villa Rica [Villarica, Guairá Department, Río Tebicuary] Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 11984 [ex IU 10182] (1 of 3). Paratypes: BMNH 1907.4.27.5-6 (2),1909.6.15.10 (1); CAS 11984 [ex IU 10182] (2 of 3), 44366 [ex IU 9995] (orig. 10, now 7 or less). •Valid as Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Malabarba 1989:134 [ref. 14217], Fernández & Butí 1996:252 [ref. 22775], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:43 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:134 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:100 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Almirón et al. 2004:674 [ref. 27987], Miquelarena & López 2006:824 [ref. 29070], Almirón et al. 2006:895 [ref. 29163], Mirande 2010:515 [ref. 31006] in Astyanax clade, Litz & Koerber 2014:15 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Teixeira et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34088], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Koerber et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Koerber et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38894], Chan et al. 2023:138 [ref. 40365], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40506], Koerber 2024:3 [ref. 41228], Zanata et al. 2024:258 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

argentum, Astyanax Salgado [F. L. K.] 2021:7, Figs. 1-2, 5A, 6A, 7A [Núcleo do Conhecimento [Nucleus of Knowledge, multidisciplinary Scientific Journal] v. 10; ref. 38807] Cachoeira de Emas, Mogi-Guaçu River, Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil, 21°55'38"S, 47°22'04"W. Holotype: MNRJ 23103. Paratypes: MNRJ 23103 (5). Plus additional non-type material. Specific name treated by us as a noun. Named argentums in Fig. 8 and etymology. •Valid as Psalidodon argentum (Salgado 2021). •Possibly a synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) sensu lato. Current status: Valid as Psalidodon argentum (Salgado 2021). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Mogi-Guaçu River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

balbus, Hyphessobrycon Myers [G. S.] 1927:115 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Planaltina, Lagoa Fervedeira, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 51789 [ex IU 17678a]. Paratypes: ANSP 134780 (1, c&s), CAS 60463 [ex IU 17678] (13), CAS-SU 18069 (10, now 9), MCZ 31570 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:43 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers 1927 -- (Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:135 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Malabarba 2005:86 [ref. 28297], Bertaco et al. 2007:248 [ref. 29277], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Carvalho et al. 2014:248 [ref. 33371], Teixeira et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34088], Burger et al. 2019:377 [ref. 36718]). •Valid as Psalidodon balbus (Myers 1927) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon balbus (Myers 1927). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

bifasciatus, Astyanax Garavello [J. C.] & Sampaio [F. A. A.] 2010:856, Fig. 6 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 70 (no. 3); ref. 31053] Rio Iguaçu, marginal pools at Avenida das Torres, at side of Reserva do Cambuí, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 105961. Paratypes: many at LISDEBE, MHNCI, MZUSP. •Valid as Astyanax bifasciatus Garavello & Sampaio 2010 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], da Graça et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35556], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736], Neves et al. 2020:95 [ref. 37298]). •Valid as Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello & Sampaio 2010) -- (Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello & Sampaio 2010). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Iguaçu basin and upper Ruio Paraná basin (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

biotae, Astyanax Castro [R. M. C.] & Vari [R. P.] 2004:331, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 117 (no. 3); ref. 27972] Upper rio Paraná system, Rio Paranapanema basin, Município de Diamante do Norte, Fazenda Água Mole, 22°38'31.7"S, 52°48'59.0"W, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 4009. Paratypes: LIRP 2734 (15), 4021 (2 c&s), 4276 (34); MZUSP 79807 (10); USNM 373492 (15). •Valid as Astyanax biotae Castro & Vari 2004 -- (Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587], da Graça et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35556], dos Reis et al. 2020:458 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Psalidodon biotae (Castro & Vari 2004) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon biotae (Castro & Vari 2004). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River system (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

bockmanni, Astyanax Vari [R. P.] & Castro [R. M. C.] 2007:151, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2007 (no. 1); ref. 29039] Rio Paranaíba basin, Município de Catalão, Córrego Fundo, just above bridge along dirt road, right hand tributary of Rio São Marcos, 18°07'29"S, 47°43'27"W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 5638. Paratypes: LIRP 3401 (4), 4020 (2, c&s); MNRJ 28723 (10); MZUSP 88367 (3); USNM 373495 (10). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Astyanax bockmanni Vari & Castro 2007 -- (Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587], da Graça et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35556]). •Valid as Psalidodon bockmanni (Vari & Castro 2007) -- (Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Brandão et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40464], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon bockmanni (Vari & Castro 2007). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin, Goiás and Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

brachypterygium, Astyanax Bertaco [V. A.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2001:228, Figs. 9-10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 25645] Bom Jesus, arroio Agua Branca, 28°36'S, 50°24'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, elevation 1050 meters. Holotype: MCP 26094. Paratypes: MCP 8627 (1, c&s), 11661 (5), 14367 (24), 14391 (26, 5 c&s), 22296 (10); MZUSP 62713 (20); NMW 94544 (20); UFRGS 4950 (20); USNM 364303 (20). •Valid as Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & Malabarba 2001 -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], de Melo & Buckup 2006:50 [ref. 28622], Bertaco & Lucena 2010:19 [ref. 30750], Bertaco et al. 2010:267 [ref. 30864], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Lucena et al. 2013:231 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:542 [ref. 32914], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:267 [ref. 33857], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], da Graça et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587] as brachypterygyrium). •Valid as Psalidodon brachypterygium (Bertaco & Malabarba 2001) -- (Silva et al. 2025:7 [ref. 41855]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon brachypterygium (Bertaco & Malabarba 2001). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Uruguay and Jacuí River basins (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

canaaensis, Psalidodon Queiroz [V. de], Henschel [E.] & Silva [P. C.] in Queiroz, Silva, Machado, Assis, Barros, Dergam & Henschel 2025:234, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 5725 (no. 2); ref. 42606] Downstream Cachoeira Grande on rio Santana, tributary of rio Casca, upper rio Doce basin, municipality of Canaã, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°36'22"S, 42°36'17"W. Holotype: MZUFV 2574. Paratypes: DZUFMG, MZUFV. •Valid as Psalidodon canaaensis Queiroz, Henschel & Silva 2025. Current status: Valid as Psalidodon canaaensis Queiroz, Henschel & Silva 2025. Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Santana drainage, upper Rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

carolinae, Astyanax Gill [T. N.] 1870:92 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 22; ref. 17630] Río Marañon or Río Napo, Amazon system, Peru or Ecuador. Holotype (unique): USNM 8225. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:6 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698]). •Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Zanata et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40718] with question). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caudovittatus, Hemigrammus Ahl [E.] 1923:261, fig. [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 20 (no. 17); ref. 17301] Buenos Aires, Argentina (aquarium import). Syntypes: ZMB (6 + 141). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847], Zarske & Géry 1995:110 [ref. 22674]. Misspelled candovittatus by authors. •Mention -- (Almirón et al. 2006:895 [ref. 29163]). •Synonym of Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Zarske & Géry 1995:118 [ref. 22674], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:134 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:15 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35267]). •Synonym of Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Zanata et al. 2024:259 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chico, Astyanax Casciotta [J. R.] & Almirón [A. E.] 2004:12, Figs. 1-3 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 54; ref. 27985] Río de Zora in route 34, río San Francisco basin, Jujuy Province, Argentina. Holotype: MACN-Ict 8673. Paratypes: AI 168 (9, 2 c&s), 169 (2); MHNG 2644.100 (2); MTD F 28331-32 (2). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:1 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Astyanax chico Casciotta & Almirón 2004 -- (Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:58 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:158 [ref. 29039], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Mirande 2010:516 [ref. 31006], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:269 [ref. 33857], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon chico (Casciotta & Almirón 2004) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon chico (Casciotta & Almirón 2004). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: San Francisco River basin (Argentina and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

correntinus, Tetragonopterus Holmberg [E. L.] 1891:188 [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Corrientes, Río Paraná, Argentina. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Ctenobrycon -- (Benine & Cassati in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Astyanax correntinus (Holmberg 1891) -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], López et al. 2003:22 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Mirande et al. 2006:10 [ref. 28757], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333], Mirande 2010:517 [ref. 31006], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon correntinus (Holmberg 1891) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Zanata et al. 2024:259 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon correntinus (Holmberg 1891). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

cremnobates, Astyanax Bertaco [V. A.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2001:224, Figs. 2-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 25645] Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, tributary of rio Santa Cruz, 29°23'S, 50°32'W, Brazil, elevation 850 meters. Holotype: MCP 26093. Paratypes: MCP 11142 (25, 5 c&s), 11650 (34, 2 c&s), 21101 (12), 22295 (78), 22297 (9), 25660 (15); MZUSP 62712 (20); NMW 94543 (20); UFRGS 4949 (20); USNM 364302 (20). •Valid as Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & Malabarba 2001 -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], de Melo & Buckup 2006:50 [ref. 28622], Ruiz-C. & Román-Valenca 2006:60 [ref. 28891], Bertaco & Lucena 2010:19 [ref. 30750], Bertaco et al. 2010:267 [ref. 30864], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Lucena et al. 2013:231 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:542 [ref. 32914], Bertaco 2014:498 [ref. 33320], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:267 [ref. 33857], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], da Graça et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607]). •Valid as Psalidodon cremnobates (Bertaco & Malabarba 2001) -- (Gomes et al. 2024:26 [ref. 42631], Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae, Silva et al. 2025:7 [ref. 41855]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon cremnobates (Bertaco & Malabarba 2001). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Jacui and Maquiné River basins (Brazil). IUCN (2022): Near Threatened, as Astyanax cremnobates. Habitat: freshwater.

crenuchoides, Hasemania Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 1999:91, Figs. 1-2 [Spixiana (München) v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 23982] Corrego Planaltina, oberer Rio São Bartolomeu, Goias, Brazil, elevation 1050 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 52732 [ex ZSM 22656a]. Paratypes: Géry coll. 1010.1-5 (5); MHNG 2594.44 (5); MTD F 21538-42 (5), F 21543-45 (3nc&s); ZFMK 20543-47 (5), ZMB 32959 (5); ZSM 22656a (55). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:17 [ref. 27474], Herder et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31087], Neumann 2011:245 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry 1999 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:128-129 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Malabarba 2007:350 [ref. 29142], Zanata & Serra 2010:21 [ref. 30751], Bertaco & Carvalho 2010:30 [ref. 30752], Serra & Langeani 2015:483 [ref. 33944]). •Valid as Psalidodon crenuchoides (Zarske & Géry 1999) -- (Teixeira et al. 2025:132 [ref. 42053]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon crenuchoides (Zarske & Géry 1999). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: São Bartolomeu River drainage, upper Paraná River basin, and Maranhão River drainage, upper Tocantins River basin, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cuvieri, Tetragonopterus Lütken [C. F.] 1875:131 [5] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio São Francisco; Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9581 (2); ZMB 9198 (2); ZMUC 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 315, 328, 329, 363. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:21 [ref. 19577], Nielsen 1974:46 [ref. 9588]. On p. 5 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:210 (and p. XII of summary), Pl. 5 (fig. 12) [ref. 19674]. •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Britski 2001:20 [ref. 26046], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698]). •Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Zanata et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dissensus, Astyanax Lucena [C. A. S. de] & Thofehrn [S. B.] in Lucena, Castro & Bertaco 2013:538, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 32914] Rio Grande do Sul, Candiota, arroio Candiota, downstream of Thermoelectric Power Plant, rio Jaguarão drainage, 31°34’36"S, 53°40’22"W, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 47000. Paratypes: many at MCN, MCP, UFRGS. •Valid as Astyanax dissensus Lucena & Thofehrn 2013 -- (Bertaco 2014:498 [ref. 33320], Koerber & Litz 2014:2 [ref. 34967], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:267 [ref. 33857], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358], da Graça et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35556], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736]). •Valid as Psalidodon dissensus (Lucena & Thofehrn 2013) -- (Koerber et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37480], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Koerber et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:76 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon dissensus (Lucena & Thofehrn 2013). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos system and rio Uruguay drainage (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

dissimilis, Astyanax Garavello [J. C.] & Sampaio [F. A. A.] 2010:859, Fig. 8 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 70 (no. 3); ref. 31053] Rio Canoinhas, tributary to Rio Iguaçu near the bridge on highway BR 280 from Mafra to Itaiópolis, Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 105969. Paratypes: many at LISDEBE, MHNCI, MZUSP; NUP 10151 (5). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as 'Astyanax' dissimilis Garavello & Sampaio 2010 -- (dos Reis et al. 2020:458 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Astyanax dissimilis Garavello & Sampaio 2010 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], da Graça et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35556], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). •Valid as Psalidodon dissimilis (Garavello & Sampaio 2018) -- (Koerber et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41721], Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon dissimilis (Garavello & Sampaio 2010). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Iguaçu basin (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanniorum, Tetragonopterus Cope [E. D.] 1894:89, Pl. 6 (fig. 8) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 33; ref. 965] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 21598. Paratypes: ANSP 21599-601 (3), 21602 (1, c&s), 21627-28 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:45 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. •Valid as Astyanax eigenmanniorum (Cope 1894) -- (Malabarba 1989:129 [ref. 14217], Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Butí 1998:310 [ref. 25279], Garutti & Britski 2000:85 [ref. 24769], Azpelicueta & Garcia 2000:252 [ref. 25142], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:257 [ref. 26608], Miquelarena et al. 2002:76 [ref. 26517] as cf. eigenmanniorum, López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:22 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Castro & Vari 2004:332 [ref. 27972] as cf. eigenmanniorum, Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena et al. 2005:19 [ref. 28188], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Mirande et al. 2006:58 [ref. 28784], de Melo & Buckup 2006:50 [ref. 28622], Vari & Castro 2007:156 [ref. 29039], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333] as cf eigenmanniorum, Azpelicueta et al. 2010:2 [ref. 41139], Bertaco & Lucena 2010:19 [ref. 30750], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Mirande 2010:515 [ref. 31006] as cf. eigenmanniorum, Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Lucena et al. 2013:232 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:542 [ref. 32914], Bertaco 2014:498 [ref. 33320], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:267 [ref. 33857], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35267], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607]). •Valid as Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Cope 1894) -- (Koerber et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Gavazzoni et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39877], Santos et al. 2022:3 [ref. 39498], Giora & Wingert 2023:140 [ref. 41026], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:76 [ref. 40506], Gomes et al. 2024:28 [ref. 42631], Koerber 2024:3 [ref. 41228], Zanata et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Cope 1894). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin and Laguna dos Patos drainage (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

endy, Astyanax Mirande [J. M.], Aguilera [G.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2006:59, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 1286; ref. 28784] Orán, Río Bermejo basin, tributary of Río Bermejo in is intersection with Ruta Provincial 19, near Estancia Santa Rosa, 22°43'18"S, 64°24'13"W, Salta, Argentina. elevation about 440 meters. Holotype: CI-FML 3834. Paratypes: CI-FML 3835 (14), 3836 (13). Plus nontype material. •Valid as Astyanax endy Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2006 -- (Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333], Mirande 2010:515 [ref. 31006], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon endy (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2006) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon endy (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2006). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

erythropterus, Tetragonopterus Holmberg [E. L.] 1891:189 [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Rio de la Plata, Paraná; Buenos Aires, Argentina. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Astyanax erythropterus (Holmberg 1891) -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Soneira et al. 2010:780 [ref. 31078], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon erythropterus (Holmberg 1891) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40506], Zanata et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon erythropterus (Holmberg 1891). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower río Paraná and Río de la Plata basin (Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

erythrurus, Hyphessobrycon Ahl [E.] 1928:51, Figs. [Das Aquarium: eine Zeitschrift mit Bildern für Liebhaber, Schulen und Naturfreunde, Berlin 1928 (no. 4); ref. 35574] Possibly Amazon River, Brazil [aquarium import]. Syntypes: (5) ZMB 20828 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Zarske & Géry 1995:112 [ref. 22674] treat ZMB 20828 as holotype but that does not establish a lectotype; it may be the only surviving type however. Described in more detail by Ahl 1928:319 [ref. 15831]. •Synonym of Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Zarske & Géry 1995:118 [ref. 22674], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:134 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:15 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35267]). •Synonym of Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Zanata et al. 2024:259 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Chalceus Cuvier [G.] 1819:352, Pl. 26 (fig. 2) [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Rio São Francisco basin, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN A-9896 (2) Rio São Francisco, A-8653 and A-8654 (2) Rio São Francisco. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:17-18 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:27 [ref. 37559], Villa 1982:101 [ref. 36708], Pezold & Edwards 1983:104 [ref. 37431], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Bussing 1987:68 [ref. 22927], Malabarba 1989:129 [ref. 14217] as aff. fasciatus, Gamboa Pérez 1992:318 [ref. 38704], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:24 [ref. 22290], Castro & Casatti 1997:342 [ref. 23333], Galvis et al. 1997:40 [ref. 23651], Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:18 [ref. 27632], Butí & Cancino 1999:70 [ref. 25277], Garutti & Britski 2000:85 [ref. 24769], Casatti et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25929], Romero & Paulson 2001:22 [ref. 26040], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:244 [ref. 26608] as cf. fasciatus, Miquelarena et al. 2002:77 [ref. 26517], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720] as cf fasciatus, Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061], Wilkens & Strecker 2003:545 [ref. 27317], López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401] as cf. fasciatus, Centrofante et al. 2003:361 [ref. 27416], Casciotta et al. 2003:94 [ref. 28130], Casciotta et al. 2003:808 [ref. 27667] as cf. fasciatus, Castro & Vari 2004:332 [ref. 27972], Mirande et al. 2004:221 [ref. 27659] as cf. fasciatus, Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Mirande et al. 2006:14 [ref. 28757] as cf. fasciatus, Protogino et al. 2006:10 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:58 [ref. 28784], Artoni et al. 2006:197 [ref. 29207] as aff. fasciatus, Vari & Castro 2007:158 [ref. 29039], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333] as cf. fasciatus, Zanata & Camelier 2009:175 [ref. 30252], Garutti & Venere 2009:378 [ref. 30493] with question, Bertaco & Lucena 2010:19 [ref. 30750] as aff. fasciatus, Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053] as aff. fasciatus, Lucena et al. 2013:232 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:542 [ref. 32914], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Bertaco 2014:498 [ref. 33320] as aff. fasciatus, Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321] as aff. fasciatus, Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698] not argentina, Bertaco & Vigo 2015:267 [ref. 33857] as aff. fasciatus, Schmitter-Soto 2016:130 [ref. 34424] as fasciatus and cf. fasciatus, Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561] as aff. fasciatus, Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966] as aff. fasciatus, Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Zanata et al. 2017:508 [ref. 35145], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684] as aff. fasciatus, Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Silva et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37809], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506] as cf. fasciatus, Chuctaya et al. 2022:17 [ref. 42137]). •Valid as Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364] as aff. fasciatus, Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Gavazzoni et al. 2022:[7] [ref. 39877], Brandão et al. 2023:93 as aff. fasciatus [ref. 40464], Giora & Wingert 2023:139 [ref. 41026] as aff. fasciatus, Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727] as aff. fasciatus, Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023] as aff. fasciatus, Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:39 [ref. 41258] as aff. fasciatus, Zanata et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São Francisco basin (Brazil) [widely reported from the Amazon River basin and other basins, but probably erroneous: Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela]. IUCN (2021): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

goyanensis, Astyanacinus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1944:1, Fig. [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, Nova Série No. 29; ref. 9903] Rio do Couro, Veadeiros, Estado do Goias, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 4129. Paratypes: MNRJ 2843 (7). •Valid as Astyanacinus goyanensis Miranda Ribeiro 1944 -- (Lima in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Astyanax goyanensis (Miranda-Ribeiro 1944) -- (Bertaco et al. 2010:266 [ref. 30864], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138] with authorship as Bertaco, Carvalho & Jerep 2010, Marinho & Birindelli 2013:46 [ref. 32569], Marinho & Ohara 2013:476 [ref. 32713]). •Valid as Psalidodon goyanensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1944) -- (Melo et al. 2024:14 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon goyanensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1944). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: rio dos Couros drainage, upper rio Tocantinzinho basin, Goias State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gymnodontus, Psalidodon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:166, Pl. 4 (figs. 2-3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Rio Iguaçu at Porto União, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54574 [ex CM 3204]. Paratypes: CAS 22779 [ex IU 13304] (1), FMNH 71559 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:67 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:70 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Astyanax gymnodontus (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Pavanelli & Oliveira 2009:569, 573 [ref. 30986]). •Valid as Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann 1911 -- (López et al. 2002:59 [ref. 26808], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27061], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Zanata et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann 1911. Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gymnogenys, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:179, Pl. 9 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Porto União, middle Rio Iguaçu, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54707 [ex CM 3350]. Paratype: FMNH 54708 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:61 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:13 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann 1911 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], López et al. 2002:59 [ref. 26808], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Vera Alcaraz et al. 2009:189 [ref. 30252], Pavanelli & Oliveira 2009:569 [ref. 30986], Garavello & Sampaio 2010:851 [ref. 31053], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587], Oliveira et al. 2019:231 [ref. 36953]). •Valid as Psalidodon gymnogenys (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Zanata et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon gymnogenys (Eigenmann 1911). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower Iguaçu River basin, Paraná and Santa Catarina (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

hamatus, Hyphessobrycon Bertaco [V. A.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2005:84, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 28297] Mambaí, córrego Cana Brava, tributary of rio Vermelho, rio Tocantins drainage, 14°29'S, 46°06'W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 34000. Paratypes: MCP 33929 (11), 33930 (10, 1 c&s), 33931 (6, 1 c&s); MZUSP 84411 (6). •Valid as Hyphessobrycon hamatus Bertaco & Malabarba 2005 -- (Miquelarena & López 2006:824 [ref. 29070], Bertaco et al. 2007:248 [ref. 29277], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Teixeira et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34088]). •Valid as Psalidodon hamatus (Bertaco & Malabarba 2005) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon hamatus (Bertaco & Malabarba 2005). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Vermelho River drainage, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

hanstroemi, Astyanax Dahl [G.] 1943:217 [3], Fig. [Förhandlingar / Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund = Proceedings of the Royal Physiographic Society at Lund v. 12 (no. 18); ref. 13198] Río Batatal, tributary to Río San Jorge, Magdalena system, Munic. of Ayapel, Bolivar Dept., Colombia. Holotype (unique): ZMUL. Originally as Hanströmi. On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:3 [ref. 33698] with question). •?? Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Zanata et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

henseli, Astyanax de Melo [F. A. G.] & Buckup [P. A.] 2006:46 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 28622] Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7479. Replacement for Tetragonopterus aeneus Hensel 1870, preoccupied in Tetragonopterus by T. aeneus Günther 1860. •Valid as Astyanax henseli de Melo & Buckup 2006 -- (Bertaco & Lucena 2010:19 [ref. 30750], Marinho & Birindelli 2013:46 [ref. 32569], Marinho & Ohara 2013:476 [ref. 32713], Lucena et al. 2013:232 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:542 [ref. 32914], Bertaco 2014:493 [ref. 33320], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:270 [ref. 33857], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561] with author as Melo & Buckup, Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607], Giora & Wingert 2023:125 [ref. 41026]). •Valid as Psalidodon henseli (de Melo & Buckup 2006) -- (Gomes et al. 2024:30 [ref. 42631], Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Psalidodon henseli (de Melo & Buckup 2006). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) endemic. IUCN (2022): Least Concern, as Astyanax henseli. Habitat: freshwater.

hermosus, Astyanax Miquelarena [A. M.], Protogino [L. C.] & López [H. L.] 2005:14, Fig. 1 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 112 (no. 1); ref. 28188] Valle Hermoso, 31°07'S, 64°29'W, San Francisco River, Primero River basin, Punilla Dept., Córdoba Province, Argentina. Holotype: CFA-IC 11690 [ILPLA 1690]. Paratypes: CFA-IC 11691 [ILPLA 1691] (18, 2 c&s), 11692 [ILPLA 1692] (6, c&s); MHNG 2647.68 (4), MLP 9665 [ex ILPLA 1691]. Type catalog: Koerber 2007:2 [ref. 29776], Miquelarena et al. 2009:42 [ref. 34389], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:4 [ref. 33466], Bogan et al. 2019:12 [ref. 37088]. •Valid as Astyanax hermosus Miquelarena, Protogino & López 2005 -- (Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon hermosus (Miquelarena, Protogino & López 2005) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon hermosus (Miquelarena, Protogino & López 2005). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Primero River basin (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

heterurus, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] & Wilson [C.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:11 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río Truando, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56577 [ex CM 5392]. Paratype: CAS 39213 [ex IU 13085] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:61 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:13 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698]). •? Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Zanata et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

interrupta, Tetragonopterus rivularis var. Lütken [C. F.] 1875:215 [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Not available, published in the synonymy of Tetragonopterus rivularis Lütken; also a junior homonym of Tetragonopterus interruptus Jenyns. •In the synonymy of Hyphessobrycon santae (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:140 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon. Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae.

ita, Astyanax Almirón [A. E.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Casciotta [J. R.] 2002:4, Figs. 1-4 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 52; ref. 26720] Arroyo Tateto, 25°47'12.8"S, 53°58'12.9"W, a headwater of Arroyo Deseado (tributary of Río San Antonio), Iguazu basin, Province of Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 9599. Paratypes: MHNG 2630.09 (7); MLP 9560 [= 9600] (3); MTD F 26487-90 (4). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:14 [ref. 27474], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:4 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Astyanax ita Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta 2002 -- (López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:670 [ref. 28391], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Mirande et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29333], Vera Alcaraz et al. 2009:189 [ref. 30252], Pavanelli & Oliveira 2009:569 [ref. 30986], Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587]). •Valid as Psalidodon ita (Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta 2002) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon ita (Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta 2002). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Río San Antonio drainage (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

jequitinhonhae, Tetragonopterus rutilus var. Steindachner [F.] 1877:577, 693 [135], Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 57760:2. Paralectotypes: NMW 57759-61 (5, 2, 6). On p. 135 of separate. Description on p. 577, name given in caption on p. 693 for the plate. Lectotype selected by Queiroz et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40653]. •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819), but a valid subspecies -- (Triques et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27248]). •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698]). •Valid as Astyanax jequitinhonhae (Steindachner 1877) -- (Salgado 2021:4 [ref. 38720]). •Valid as Psalidodon jequitinhonhae (Steindachner 1877) -- (Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Queiroz et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40653], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:39 [ref. 41258], Zanata et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon jequitinhonhae (Steindachner 1877). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha and Pardo River drainages (northeastern and southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

kalunga, Hasemania Bertaco [V. A.] & Carvalho [F. R.] 2010:28, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 30752] Cavalcante, córrego in the road GO 241 between Cavalcante and Minaçu, tributary of rio das Almas, rio Paranã drainage, upper rio Tocantins basin, 13°36'56.7"S, 47°31'06.6"W, Goiás State, Brazil, elevation 1163 meters. Holotype: MCP 44289. Paratypes: DZSJRP 12339 (12); MCP 44290 (12); MZUSP 104303 (12); UFRGS 11288 (37), 11289 (82, 5 c&s). Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:438 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Hasemania kalunga Bertaco & Carvalho 2010 -- (Zanata & Serra 2010:21 [ref. 30751], Serra & Langeani 2015:485 [ref. 33944]). •Valid as Psalidodon kalunga (Bertaco & Carvalho 2010) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon kalunga (Bertaco & Carvalho 2010). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lambari, Salmo Natterer [J.] in Kner 1859:176 [40] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] Irisanga, Brazil. On p. 40 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Tetragonopterus scabripinnis Valenciennes. •In the synonymy of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061] with author as Kner, Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae.

langeanii, Hyphessobrycon Lima [F. C. T.] & Moreira [C. R.] 2003:22, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 27320] Kilometer 476.3 of Ferronorte railroad, 17°25'08"S, 53°13'60"W, córrego Mosquito, município de Alto Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 75127. Paratypes: DZSJRP 5467 (5); MCZ 162370 (5); MNRJ 20351 (2), 24780 (5); MZUSP 41405 (62), 41451 (99), , 73256 (259), 73272 (27), 73286 (6), 73309 (30), 73313 (166, 8 c&s), 73322 (97), 73362 (43); USNM 371922 (5); UZEC 6174 (5). Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:440 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon langeanii Lima & Moreira 2003 -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2005:86 [ref. 28297], Bertaco et al. 2007:248 [ref. 29277], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Teixeira et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34088], Gomes et al. 2022:392 [ref. 40253]). •Valid as Psalidodon langeanii (Lima & Moreira 2003) -- (Teixeira et al. 2025:139 [ref. 42053]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon langeanii (Lima & Moreira 2003). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Araguaia basin, upper Rio Paraguay basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

laticeps, Tetragonopterus Cope [E. D.] 1894:89, Pl. 6 (fig. 7) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 33; ref. 965] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 21852. Paratypes: ANSP 21853-63 (11, missing), 21743-46 (4) Géry coll. [ex ANSP 21747] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1906:348 [ref. 1373]. •Synonym of Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies laticeps (Cope 1894) -- (Malabarba 1989:130 [ref. 14217], Triques et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27248], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565] as scinabripinnis). •Valid as 'Astyanax' laticeps (Cope 1894) -- (dos Reis et al. 2020:458 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Astyanax laticeps (Cope 1894) -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2001:231 [ref. 25645], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1053 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Casciotta et al. 2003:333 [ref. 27401], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], de Melo & Buckup 2006:50 [ref. 28622], Azpelicueta & Loureiro 2009:3 [ref. 30196], Bertaco & Lucena 2010:12 [ref. 30750], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Bertaco et al. 2010:267 [ref. 30864], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Lucena et al. 2013:231 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:542 [ref. 32914], Bertaco 2014:498 [ref. 33320], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:289 [ref. 33374], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:270 [ref. 33857], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607], Salgado 2021:10 [ref. 38719], Loureiro et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40506] as''Astyanax' laticeps). •Valid as Psalidodon laticeps (Cope 1894) -- (Gomes et al. 2024:32 [ref. 42631], Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae, Silva et al. 2025:5 [ref. 41855]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon laticeps (Cope 1894). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: southeastern Brazil and Uruguay. IUCN (2023): Least Concern, as Astyanax laticeps. Habitat: freshwater.

leonidas, Astyanax Azpelicueta [M. de las M.], Casciotta [J. R.] & Almirón [A. E.] 2002:245, Figs. 1-4, 6, 8, 12 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 109 (no. 2); ref. 26608] Headwaters of arroyo Urugua-í (26°10'S, 53°41'W), río Paraná basin, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 9580. Paratypes: MHNG 2624.29 (11), MLP 9581 (4). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:4 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Astyanax leonidas Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2002 -- (Almirón et al. 2002:9 [ref. 26720], López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena et al. 2005:18 [ref. 28188], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:670 [ref. 28391], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Mirande et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29333], Vera Alcaraz et al. 2009:189 [ref. 30252], Pavanelli & Oliveira 2009:569 [ref. 30986], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587]). •Valid as Psalidodon leonidas (Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2002) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon leonidas (Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2002). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin (Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

longirhinus, Astyanax Garavello [J. C.] & Sampaio [F. A. A.] 2010:853, Fig. 4 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 70 (no. 3); ref. 31053] Rio Iguaçu, downstream of Salto Santiago dam, between Laranjeiras do Sul and Chopinzinho, Laranjerias do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 105954. Paratypes: FMNH 105095 (38); MZUSP 105955 (1), 105956 (1); LISDEBE 2598 (4), 2599 (1), 2600 (3); NUP 10152 (16). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Astyanax longirhinus Garavello & Sampaio 2010 -- (da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556]). •Synonym of Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann 1911 -- (Oliveira et al. 2019:231 [ref. 36953]). •Synonym of Psalidodon gymnogenys (Eigenmann 1911). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon gymnogenys (Eigenmann 1911). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

marionae, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:175, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Six miles from San Luiz de Cáceres, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54711 [ex CM 3353]. Paratypes: CAS 39225 [ex IU 13278] (1), FMNH 54712-13 (3, 5). Type catalog: Henn 1928:61 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:13 [ref. 12367]. See Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791]. •Valid as Astyanax marionae Eigenmann 1911 -- (Britski et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24147], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:111 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:333 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696]). •Valid as Psalidodon marionae (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon marionae (Eigenmann 1911). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

minor, Astyanax Garavello [J. C.] & Sampaio [F. A. A.] 2010:854, Fig. 5 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 70 (no. 3); ref. 31053] Rio Mato Grande, Águas Claras, Piraquara, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MHNCI 3028. Paratypes: many at FMNH, LISDEBE, MHNCI, MZUSP. •Valid as Astyanax minor Garavello & Sampaio 2010 -- (da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], dos Reis et al. 2020:458 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Psalidodon minor (Garavello & Sampaio 2010) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon minor (Garavello & Sampaio 2010). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South Amea: upper Iguaçu River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ojiara, Astyanax Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Garcia [J. O.] 2000:246, Figs. 1-13 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 107 (no. 2); ref. 25142] Arroyo Benítez, head waters of Río Yaboti, an affluent of Río Uruguay, Misiones Province, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 9470. Paratypes: FMNH 98319 (5); MHNG 2605.67 (10), 2606.35 (3); MLP 9471-72 (2, 12); MZUSP 40255 (5). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:5 [ref. 33466]. . •Valid as Astyanax ojiara Azpelicueta & Garcia 2000 -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:257 [ref. 26608], López et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26808], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:111 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Casciotta et al. 2003:813 [ref. 27667], Casciotta & Almirón 2004:15 [ref. 27985], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena et al. 2005:18 [ref. 28188], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:670 [ref. 28391], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Mirande et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29333], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Lucena et al. 2013:231 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:540 [ref. 32914], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Marinho et al. 2015:576 [ref. 33708], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:270 [ref. 33857], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Zanata et al. 2017:508 [ref. 35145], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587], Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984]). •Valid as Psalidodon ojiara (Azpelicueta & Garcia 2000) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon ojiara (Azpelicueta & Garcia 2000). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

orteguasae, Astyanax fasciatus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:237, Fig. 16 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70498. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:3 [ref. 33698], Zanata et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40718] with question). •Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ovatus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:388 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. No types known. Appeared as Salmo argenteus vel ovatus [with argenteus an existing species and ovatus an alternate name] in but Devincenzi 1925:322, 313 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Astyanax rutilus (Jen.) [= Tetragonopterus rutilus Jenyns]. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Astyanax rutilus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117] with question, Koerber et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35267] with question). •? Synonym of Psalidodon rutilus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Zanata et al. 2024:263 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Uncertain as Psalidodon rutilus (Jenyns 1842). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pampa, Astyanax Casciotta [J. R.], Almirón [A. E.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2005:402, Figs. 1-4 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 112 (no. 2); ref. 28295] Arroyo Las Mostazas, 38°05'S, 61°27'W, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype: MACN-ict 8651. Paratypes: MLP 10460 [ex AI 134] (8); Al 135 (2 c&s), 166 (2 c&s); MHNG 2644.22 (4). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:1 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Astyanax pampa Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2005 -- (Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Pérez 2008:424 [ref. 30526], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Psalidodon pampa (Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2005) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon pampa (Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2005). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: southern Buenos Aires Province to Negro River (possible introduction) (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

parahybae, Astyanax fasciatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:97 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Parahyba, Mendez, Miriahe and Taubeté, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20685. Paralectotypes: (many) MCZ 20685 (now 18), 20890-91 (4, 2), 20893 (4), 27412 (2); USNM 120245 [ex MCZ 20685] (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:6 [ref. 19022]. Lectotype selected by de Mello 2001:29 [ref. 27458]. •Incertae sedis in Characidae -- (Lucena & Lucena 2002:119 [ref. 26205]). •Valid as Astyanax parahybae Eigenmann 1908 -- (de Melo 2001:29 [ref. 27458], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Centrofante et al. 2003:361 [ref. 27416], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Vari & Castro 2007:159 [ref. 29039], Zanata et al. 2017:508 [ref. 35145], Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984]). •Valid as Psalidodon parahybae (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Zanata et al. 2024:262 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon parahybae (Eigenmann 1908). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraíba do Sul basin and coastal streams of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

paranae, Astyanax scabripinnis var. Eigenmann [C. H.] 1914:47 [Indiana University Studies No. 20; ref. 1230] Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 22555 [ex IU 11631]. Paratypes: CAS 22556 [ex IU 11632] (8). Additional material: CAS 63056 [ex IU] (3), FMNH (307, 10 localities). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:14 [ref. 12367] but most lots they list are not types, see also Oliveira et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36953]. •Synonym of Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Garutti & Britski 2000:85 [ref. 24769], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Triques et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27248], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053]). •Valid as Astyanax paranae Eigenmann 1914 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:289 [ref. 33374], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587], Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984], Oliveira et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36953]). •Valid as Psalidodon paranae (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Alves et al. 2020:810 [ref. 38167], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606] as cf. paranae, dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440], Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023] as aff. paranae, Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon paranae (Eigenmann 1914). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tietê basin, upper Paraná River basin (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pelegrini, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:136, Pl. 40 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Paraguay River basin and Bahia Negra, Paraguay. Syntypes: AMNH 1447 (2); CAS 39350 [ex IU 10011] (1), CAS 39351 [ex IU 10014] (2), CAS 39352 [ex IU 10017] (1), CAS 39353 [ex IU 10053] (1), 39355 [ex 10246] (1). Fowler 1948:57 mentions that the locality "tipica" is Bahia Negra, Paraguay; the original description mentions only one specimen from that locality, but this is not regarded as establishing a lectotype. Subsequent lectotype designation not researched. CAS 39355 is the Bahia Negra specimen. In the original designation the derivation of the name is not given, so the name can remain pelegrini as it appeared in the text, key and plate legend and plate; spelled pellegrini by Eigenmann 1910:432 [ref. 1224] with Eigenmann as author. However Géry 2006:47 [ref. 30063] argues for using pellegrini and that spelling has been adopted by authors [although not mentioned, the species is obviously named after Jacques Pellegrin]. Authorship on p. 136 and on Pl. 40 is Eigenmann, but Eigenmann & Kennedy on p. 157. •Species inquirenda in Ctenobrycon -- (Benine & Cassati in Reis et al. 2003:127 [ref. 27061] as pelegrini). •Valid as Astyanax pellegrini Eigenmann 1907 (sometimes seen as pelegrini) -- (Britski et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24147], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:333 [ref. 27401], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Mirande et al. 2006:14 [ref. 28757], Géry 2006:47 [ref. 30063], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333], Mirande 2010:517 [ref. 31006], Soneira et al. 2010:784 [ref. 31078], Brancolini et al. 2011:668 [ref. 41481] as pelegrini, Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35267], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon pellegrini (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594] as pelegrini, Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440] as pelegrini, Koerber 2024:4 [ref. 41228], Zanata et al. 2024:262 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon pellegrini (Eigenmann 1907). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

pessalii, Psalidodon Teixeira [T. F.], Salvador [G. N.], Mirande [J. M.] & Lima [F. T. C.] 2025:132, Figs. 2-3 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 113 (no. 1); ref. 42053] Córrego Vila Rica, tributary of Rio Paraopeba, Rio São Francisco basin, São Joaquim de Bicas municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°05'15"S, 44°17'02"W, elevation 800 meters. Holotype: ZUEC 18283. Paratypes: MCNIP, MNRJ, ZUEC. •Valid as Psalidodon pessalii Teixeira, Salvador, Mirande & Lima 2025. Current status: Valid as Psalidodon pessalii Teixeira, Salvador, Mirande & Lima 2025. Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Paraopeba drainage, Rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

powelli, Astyanax Terán [G. E.], Butí [C.] & Mirande [J. M.] 2017:2, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2): e160165; ref. 35358] Río Sucuma, tributary of the arheic Río Las Tunas, El Alto, Catamarca Province, Argentina, 28°14'21"S, 65°22'45"W, elevation 800 meters. Holotype: CI-FML 6797. Paratypes: CI-FML. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Astyanax powelli Terán, Butí & Mirande 2017 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736]). •Valid as Psalidodon powelli (Terán, Butí & Mirande 2017) -- (Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon powelli (Terán, Butí & Mirande 2017). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Río Sucuma, Catamarca (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

puka, Astyanax Mirande [J. M.], Aguilera [G.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2007:33, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa No. 1646; ref. 29333] Río Mandolo, under bridge of Ruta Provincial 344, near Monteros City, Río Salí basin, Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. Holotype: CI-FML 3844. Paratypes: CI-FML 3849 (19), 3851 (2). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Astyanax puka Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2007 -- (Mirande 2010:515 [ref. 31006], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon puka (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2007) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon puka (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2007). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Mandolo and Salí river drainages, Tucumán (northwestern Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

pynandi, Astyanax Casciotta [J. R.], Almirón [A. E.], Bechara [J. A.], Roux [J. P.] & Ruíz Díaz [F. J.] 2003:808, Figs. 1-4, 6-7 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 110 (no. 4); ref. 27667] Lobo-Cuá, 28°32'S, 57°12'W, Laguna Iberá, Esteros del Iberá wetland, Province Corrientes, Argentina. Holotype: MACN-Ict 8543. Paratypes: MLP 10453 [ex AI 104] (4); Al 105 (1), 106 (3), 115 (1); MHNG 2640.34 (4). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:1 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Astyanax pynandi Casciotta, Almirón, Bechara, Roux & Ruíz Díaz 2003 -- (Casciotta & Almirón 2004:15 [ref. 27985], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Miquelarena et al. 2005:18 [ref. 28188], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Mirande et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29333], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:5 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon pynandi (Casciotta, Almirón, Bechara, Roux & Ruíz Díaz 2003 ) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon pynandi (Casciotta, Almirón, Bechara, Roux & Ruíz Díaz 2003). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Esteros del Iberá wetland (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

rioparanaibanus, Psalidodon Alves [R. de M.], Oliveira [I. H. R.], Pasa [R.] & Kavalco [K. F.] 2020:810, Fig. 3 [Biodiversity Journal v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 38167] Rita stream, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19.187714°S, 46.236178°W. Holotype: LaGEEvo 4011 - L12. Paratypes: LaGEEvo. Poorly diagnosed. •Valid as Psalidodon rioparanaibanus Alves, Oliveira, Pasa & Kavalco 2020. Current status: Valid as Psalidodon rioparanaibanus Alves, Oliveira, Pasa & Kavalco 2020. Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Paranaíba River drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

rivularis, Tetragonopterus Lütken [C. F.] 1875:132 [6] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9582 [ex ZMUC] (4), NMW 57707 (5), SMNS 2046 (3), ZMB 9199 (4), ZMUC (49). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:21 [ref. 19577], Nielsen 1974:46 [ref. 9588], Fricke 1995:9 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:26 [ref. 29864] On p. 6 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:215 (and p. XIII of summary), Pl. 5 (figs. 13-14) [ref. 19674]. •Synonym of Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies -- (Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Triques et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27248]). •Valid as Astyanax rivularis (Lütken 1875) -- (Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Vari & Castro 2007:158 [ref. 29039], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Zanata & Camelier 2009:175 [ref. 30252], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Marinho et al. 2015:576 [ref. 33708], Zanata et al. 2017:508 [ref. 35145], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587], Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984], Silva et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37809]). •Valid as Psalidodon rivularis (Lütken 1875) -- (Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440], Alves et al. 2020:811 [ref. 38167], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Queiroz et al. 2025:243 [ref. 42606]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon rivularis (Lütken 1875). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco and Doce River basins (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

rutilus, Tetragonopterus Jenyns [L.] 1842:125, Pl. 23 (figs. 2, 2a) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Rio Paraná, South America. Holotype: BMNH 1917.7.14.14. •Treated as a synonym of Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) and the same as Astyanax aeneus (Hensel 1870) -- (Malabarba 1989:129 [ref. 14217]). •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Astyanax rutilus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Protogino et al. 2006:10 [ref. 28780], de Melo & Buckup 2006:46 [ref. 28622], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Mirande 2010:516 [ref. 31006] as cf. rutilus, Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:5 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35267], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358], Dickens 2019:162 [ref. 37135]). •Valid as Psalidodon rutilus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Koerber et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:76 [ref. 40506], Koerber 2024:4 [ref. 41228]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon rutilus (Jenyns 1842). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Río Paraná basin (Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

saguazu, Astyanax Casciotta [J. R.], Almirón [A. E.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2003:330, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 4); ref. 27401] Río Uruguay basin, headwater of arroyo Once Vueltas, 27°38'S, 55°12'W, Province Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 9603. Paratypes: MHNG 2639.47 (9), MLP 9604 (5). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:6 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Astyanax saguazu Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2003 -- (Mirande et al. 2004:221 [ref. 27659], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Lucena et al. 2013:232 [ref. 32870], Lucena et al. 2013:542 [ref. 32914], Serra et al. 2013:1577 [ref. 33003], Koerber 2014:5 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:270 [ref. 33857], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607]). •Valid as Andromakhe saguazu (Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2003) -- (Koerber et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Koerber et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:72 [ref. 40506]). •Valid as Psalidodon saguazu (Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2003) -- (Koerber et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41721], Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae, Teixeira et al. 2025:138 [ref. 42053] possibly in another genus). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon saguazu (Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2003). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin, Province Misiones (Argentina); upper Cuareim River (Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

scabripinnis, Tetragonopterus Jenyns [L.] 1842:125, Pl. 23 (figs. 3, 3a) [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1917.7.14.15. •Mention in conjunction with Astyanax scabripinnis laticeps (Malabarba 1989:129 [ref. 14217]). •Valid as Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842) -- (Castro & Casatti 1997:342 [ref. 23333], Miquelarena et al. 1997:67 [ref. 23469], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Garutti & Britski 2000:85 [ref. 24769], Bertaco & Malabarba 2001:231 [ref. 25645], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Castro & Vari 2004:332 [ref. 27972], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:57 [ref. 28628], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Garutti & Venere 2009:378 [ref. 30493], Bertaco & Lucena 2010:18 [ref. 30750], Bertaco et al. 2010:266 [ref. 30864], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Lucena et al. 2013:540 [ref. 32914], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698] not Argentina, Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984]). •Valid as Psalidodon scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

schubarti, Astyanax Britski [H. A.] 1964:214, Fig. [Papéis Avulsos do Departmento de Zoologia, Secretaría da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio, São Paulo. v. 16 (art. 21); ref. 1386] Rio Mogi Guaçu, Emas, São Paulo State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 4263. Paratypes: DZSASP 4264-4274 (11), 4275-4304 (25), MZUSP Type catalog: Britski 1969:201 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:451 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Astyanax schubarti Britski 1964 -- (Garutti & Britski 2000:84 [ref. 24769], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2004:332 [ref. 27972], Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[12] [ref. 35679]). •Valid as Psalidodon schubarti (Britski 1964) -- (dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440], Brandão et al. 2023:97 [ref. 40464]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon schubarti (Britski 1964). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

serratus, Astyanax Garavello [J. C.] & Sampaio [F. A. A.] 2010:858, Fig. 7 [Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 70 (no. 3); ref. 31053] Rio da Várzea, Agudos do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MHNCI 12346. Paratypes: many at LISDEBE, MHNCI, MZUSP. •Valid as 'Astyanax' serratus Garavello & Sampaio 2010 -- (dos Reis et al. 2020:458 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Astyanax serratus Garavello & Sampaio 2010 -- (Ingenito & Duboc 2014:289 [ref. 33374], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Salgado 2021:12 [ref. 38719]). •Valid as Psalidodon serratus (Garavello & Sampaio 2010) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon serratus (Garavello & Sampaio 2010). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

togoi, Hyphessobrycon Miquelarena [A. M.] & López [H. L.] 2006:819, Figs. 1-3 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 113 (no. 4); ref. 29070] Chascomús lagoon, 35°45'S, 58°30'W, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Holotype: CFA-IC 11704 [ex ILPLA 1704]. Paratypes: CFA-IC 10047 [ex ILPLA 47] (3), 11080 [ex ILPLA 1080] (2, 1c&s), 11231 [ex ILPLA 1231] (2), 11232 [ex ILPLA 1232] (1), 11246 [ex ILPLA 1246] (2, c&s), 11257 [ex ILPLA 1257] (5, 1 c&s), 11637 [ex ILPLA 1637] (2), 11705 [ex ILPLA 1705] (4), 11708 [ex ILPLA 1708] (2), 11707 [ex ILPLA 1707] (1, c&s); MHNG 2679.013 (2); MLP 9669 (5). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Koerber 2007:1 [ref. 29776], Miquelarena et al. 2009:69-71 [ref. 34389], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:8 [ref. 33466], Bogan et al. 2019:14 [ref. 37088]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon togoi Miquelarena & López 2006 -- (Miquelarena & López 2010:6 [ref. 30749], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Koerber 2014:5 [ref. 33621], Koerber & Litz 2014:2 [ref. 34967], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], Koerber & Litz 2016:3 [ref. 35098], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38894], Giora & Wingert 2023:137 [ref. 41026], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:78 [ref. 40506]). •Valid as Psalidodon togoi (Miquelarena & López 2006) -- (Koerber et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41721]. Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon togoi (Miquelarena & López 2006). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

troya, Astyanax Azpelicueta [M. de las M.], Casciotta [J. R.] & Almirón [A. E.] 2002:249, Figs. 5, 7, 10-11, 13-18, 20-21 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 109 (no. 2); ref. 26608] Arroyo Cuñapirú Chico, near its mouth in the arroyo Cuñapirú, an affluent of río Paraná, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MACN 8310. Paratypes: FML 3250 (4); MCP 28438 (5); MHNG 2624.30 (8). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Astyanax troya Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2002 -- (Almirón et al. 2002:9 [ref. 26720], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Casciotta et al. 2003:813 [ref. 27667], Casciotta & Almirón 2004:15 [ref. 27985], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena et al. 2005:18 [ref. 28188], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:65 [ref. 28784], Vari & Castro 2007:157 [ref. 29039], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Mirande et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29333], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Mirande 2010:516 [ref. 31006], Soneira et al. 2010:785 [ref. 31078], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Oliveira et al. 2013:292 [ref. 32756], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Bertaco & Vigo 2015:269 [ref. 33857], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607]). •Valid as Psalidodon troya (Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2002) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon troya (Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2002). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin (northeastern Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

tumbayaensis, Astyanax Miquelarena [A. M.] & Menni [R. C.] 2005:663, Figs. 1-2 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 112 (no. 3); ref. 28391] Man-made channel near the road crossing the village of Tumbaya, 23°51'S, 65°28'W, Grande River basin, Jujuy Province, Argentina. Holotype: CFA-IC 11702 [ILPLA 1702]. Paratypes: CFA-IC 11513 [ILPLA 1513] (6, 1 c&s), ILPLA 1703 (2, 1 c&s); MHNG 2652.90 (2), MLP 9767 (1). Type catalog: Koerber 2007:1 [ref. 29776], Miquelarena et al. 2009:48 [ref. 34389], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:6 [ref. 33466], Bogan et al. 2019:12 [ref. 37088]. •Valid as Astyanax tumbayaensis Miquelarena & Menni 2005 -- (Protogino et al. 2006:11 [ref. 28780], Mirande et al. 2006:58 [ref. 28784], Abilhoa & Duboc 2007:45 [ref. 29285], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333], Almirón et al. 2010:67 [ref. 30813], Koerber 2011:3 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:5 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Psalidodon tumbayaensis (Miquelarena & Menni 2005) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon tumbayaensis (Miquelarena & Menni 2005). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Grande River basin (northwestern Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

uaiso, Hyphessobrycon Carvalho [F. R.] & Langeani [F.] 2013:526, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 32913] Minas Gerais, Ponte Alta District, municipality of Uberaba, headwaters of rio Uberaba, near BR-262 road, 19°40’58.7"S , 47°40’7.3"W, Brazil, elevation 1020 meters. Holotype: DZSJRP 16460. Paratypes: Many at DZSJRP, INPA, LIRP, MCP, MNRJ, MZUEL, MZUSP, NUP, UFRGS. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:441 [ref. 35588], Oliveira et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon uaiso Carvalho & Langeani 2013. •Valid as Psalidodon uaiso (Carvalho & Langeani 2013) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon uaiso (Carvalho & Langeani 2013). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Uberada drainage (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

uberaba, Hasemania Serra [J. P.] & Langeani [F.] 2015:480, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 33944] Minas Gerais, Ponte Alta, Serra do Grotão, road BR 262, headwaters of rio Uberaba, córrego São Pedro, rio Grande basin, upper rio Paraná, Brazil, 19°40'59"S, 47°40'09"W, elevation 1020 meters. Holotype: DZSJRP 18781. Paratypes: DZSJRP. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:439 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Hasemania uberaba Serra & Langeani 2015. •Valid as Psalidodon uberaba (Serra & Langeani 2015) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon uberaba (Serra & Langeani 2015). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

varzeae, Astyanax Abilhoa [V.] & Duboc [L. F.] 2007:45, Figs. 2-4 [Zootaxa No. 1587; ref. 29285] Tijucas do Sul, rio São João, rio da Várzea headwaters, an affluent of rio Negro, upper rio Iguaçu basin, about 25°55'S, 49°10'W, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MHNCI 11688. Paratypes: MCP 40535 (14); MHNCI 9146 (1 c&s), 9147 (15, 2 c&s). •Valid as Astyanax varzeae Abilhoa & Duboc 2007 -- (Vera Alcaraz et al. 2009:189 [ref. 30252], Pavanelli & Oliveira 2009:569 [ref. 30986], Bertaco et al. 2010:267 [ref. 30864], Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:289 [ref. 33374], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587], dos Reis et al. 2020:458 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Psalidodon varzeae (Abilhoa & Duboc 2007) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon varzeae (Abilhoa & Duboc 2007). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: upper Iguaçu River basin (Paraná, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

vermilion, Astyanax Zanata [A. M.] & Camelier [P.] 2009:176, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30252] Rio Salgado under bridge on road BA 130, rio Cachoeira drainage, 14°51'18.0"S, 39°39'41"W, Floresta Azul, Bahia State, Brazil, elevation 189 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 101243. Paratypes: ANSP 189328 (10); UFBA 4342 (31, 3 c&s), 4343 (56), 4344 (76), 4813 (24), 4905 (32); MZUSP 101244 (10). •Valid as Astyanax vermilion Zanata & Camelier 2009 -- (Marinho et al. 2015:576 [ref. 33708], Zanata et al. 2017:508 [ref. 35145], Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984], Silva et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:37 [ref. 41258]). •Valid as Psalidodon vermilion (Zanata & Camelier 2009) -- (Melo et al. 2024:30 [ref. 41541] in Acestrorhamphinae). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon vermilion (Zanata & Camelier 2009). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Salgado and Almada River drainages, Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

viejita, Tetragonopterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:154 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Syntypes: MNHN A-9820 (2, poor condition) Lake Maracaibo, A-8656 (1, dry) Brazil. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:19-20 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698], Zanata et al. 2024:260 [ref. 40718] with question). •Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Current status: Synonym of Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Habitat: freshwater.

xavante, Astyanax Garutti [V.] & Venere [P. C.] 2009:378, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 3); ref. 30493] Barra do Garças, creek tributary to the córrego Avoadeira, inside Parque Estadual da Serra Azul, ca. 15°53'S, 52°15'W, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 100375. Paratypes: MCP 43325 (45), MZUSP 100376 (102, 3 c&s). Plus non-type specimens at DZSJRP and ICLIMA. Name is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Astyanax xavante Garutti & Venere 2009 -- (Marinho et al. 2015:576 [ref. 33708], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587]). •Valid as Psalidodon xavante (Garutti & Venere 2009) -- (Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon xavante (Garutti & Venere 2009). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Araguaia drainage, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

xiru, Astyanax Lucena [C. A. S. de], Castro [J. B.] & Bertaco [V. A.] 2013:544, Figs. 7-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 32914] Rio Grande do Sul, Sapiranga, rio Feitoria, rio Caí drainage, 29°38’10"S, 51°00’28"W, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 19986. Paratypes: many at MCN, MCP, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Astyanax xiru Lucena, Castro & Bertaco 2013 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], Casciotta et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35095], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Lucena et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35607], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736]). •Valid as Psalidodon xiru (Lucena, Castro & Bertaco 2013) -- (Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Loureiro et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40506] as cf. xiru, Gomes et al. 2024:34 [ref. 42631]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon xiru (Lucena, Castro & Bertaco 2013). Acestrorhamphidae: Acestrorhamphinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jacuí drainage, laguna dos Patos system, and from upper and middle rio Uruguay drainage, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina states (Brazil and Argentina). IUCN (2022): Least Concern, as Astyanax xiru. Habitat: freshwater.