Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Pterygoplichthys: [ 26 ] records

alternans, Ancistrus multiradiatus var. Regan [C. T.] 1904:229 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 3, no. 1); ref. 3621] Paraguayan Chaco, Drainage of Río Paraguay in region of Vila Conceptión, Paraguay. Lectotype: BMNH 1898.7.4.5. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1898.6.3.30-31 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Weber 1992:28 [ref. 19714]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys alternans (Regan 1904) -- (Isbrücker 1980:40 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Liposarcus ambrosetti Holmberg 1893 -- (Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Liposarcus anisitsi (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Weber 1992:28 [ref. 19714], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893) -- (Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:26 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:43 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

altipinnis, Liposarcus Günther [A.] 1864:239 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Cupai [= Cupari], Rio Tapajós basin, Amazon River drainage, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1853.3.19.34. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys altipinnis (Günther 1864) -- (Isbrücker 1980:40 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 2001:27 [ref. 25653]). •Valid as Glyptoperichthys altipinnis (Günther 1864) -- (Isbrücker 2001:29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps (Kner 1854) -- (Weber 1992:29 [ref. 19714], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:352 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner 1854) -- (Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner 1854). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

ambrosettii, Liposarcus Holmberg [E. L.] 1893:354 [Revista del Jardin Zoológico de Buenos Ayres v. 1 (no. 12); ref. 26086] Río Paraguay, in front of Formosa. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. Incorrectly treated as a forgotten name by some authors. •Valid as Liposarcus ambrosettii Holmberg 1893 -- (Isbrücker 2001:29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178]). •Nomen oblitum (forgotten name) in synonymy of Liposarcus anisitsi (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Weber 1992:28 [ref. 19714], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893) -- (Isbrücker 1980:40 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], López & Miquelarena 1991:38 [ref. 23548], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:26 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:43 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35267], dos Reis et al. 2020:467 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2022:179 [ref. 40464], Silva et al. 2022:[2] 435 [ref. 39571], Page et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40505], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay, middle Paraná, Bermejo, and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Invasive in southeastern (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

anisitsi, Pterygoplichthys Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:503 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Laguna of Río Paraguay at Asuncion, Paraguay. Holotype: IU 9873. Paratypes: AMNH 1490 [ex IU 9874] (1), IU 9875 (orig. 1), FMNH 52563 [?ex IU 9875] (1); ZMB 16886 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Liposarcus anisitsi (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Weber 1991:642 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:13, 28 [ref. 19714], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Britski et al. 1999:135 [ref. 24147], Liotta et al. 2001:154 [ref. 39259], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Liposarcus ambrosettii Holmberg 1893 -- (Isbrücker 2001:32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Isbrücker 1980:40 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], López & Miquelarena 1991:39 [ref. 23548], Gómez & Chebez 1996:64 [ref. 23791], Nelson et al. 2004:83 [ref. 27807], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Scharpf 2006:20 [ref. 30386], Koerber 2011:5 [ref. 31122], Page & Burr 2011:371 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:81 [ref. 32708], Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], Nión et al. 2016:32 [ref. 35565]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893) -- (Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:43 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Native to South America; established in Texas, U.S.A. [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

brevitentaculatus, Hypostomus Ranzani [C.] 1841:63 [Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali e rendiconto dei lavori dell'Accademia della Scienze dell'Instituto di Bologna con appendice agraria. Bologna Anno III, Tomo V; ref. 24074] Province Divi Pauli, Brazilia [Rio São Francisco]. Holotype (unique): MZUB uncat. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared in more detail in Ranzani 1842:329 [ref. 18607]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys brevitentaculatus (Ranzani 1841) -- (Isbrücker 1980:40 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Weber 1992:25 [ref. 19714], Isbrücker 2001:28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:18 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysostiktos, Hypostomus Birindelli [J. L. O.], Zanata [A. M.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2007:272, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 29280] Iaçu, rio Paraguaçu, Fazenda Santo Antonio at 10 kilometers from Vila São Vicente, 12°30'54.1"S, 39°22'53.9"W, Bahia State, Brazil, elevation 134 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 88157. Paratypes: many at ANSP, AUM, MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP and UFBA. •Valid as Hypostomus chrysostiktos Birindelli, Zanata & Lima 2007 -- (Zanata et al. 2013:247 [ref. 32751], Zanata & Pitanga 2016:231 [ref. 34535], Zawadzki et al. 2016:272 [ref. 34908], Zawadzki et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35355], Ramos et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35396], Zawadzki et al. 2017:571 [ref. 35666]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys chrysostiktos (Birindelli, Zanata & Lima 2007) -- (Anjos et al. 2020:575 [ref. 37130], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:48 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys chrysostiktos (Birindelli, Zanata & Lima 2007). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Paraguaçu River basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

disjunctivus, Liposarcus Weber [C.] 1991:638 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 98 (no. 3); ref. 19114] Rio Madeira, Amazon River system, Restauracao, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 28360. Paratypes: CAS 11687 (1); FCMBB 305 (2); INPA 465 (1), 500 (5), 2223 (1), 2227 (1); INPA POLO 195 (3); MHNG 2479.10 (1); MNHN 1988-0102 to 0103 (1, 2), 1988-109 (14); MZUSP 28360 (1); ZMA 119345 (1), 119568 (2), 119572 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Liposarcus disjunctivus Weber 1991 -- (Weber 1992:12, 28 [ref. 19714], Chang & Ortega 1995:4 [ref. 24302], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Fuller et al. 1999:224 [ref. 25838], Isbrücker 2001:29 [ref. 25653], Sakai et al. 2001:88 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:282 [ref. 26001], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (López & Miquelarena 1991:39 [ref. 23548], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber 1991) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:84 [ref. 27807], Chavez et al. 2006:59 [ref. 28577], Page & Robins 2006:455 [ref. 28913], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Scharpf 2006:20 [ref. 30386], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Page & Burr 2011:371 [ref. 31215], Sandoval-Huerta et al. 2012:294 [ref. 37364], Page et al. 2013:81 [ref. 32708], Kottelat 2013:216 [ref. 32989], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:211 [ref. 34477], Labatos 2017:3 [ref. 36239], Robins et al. 2018:147 [ref. 35886], Ng et al. 2019:532 [ref. 36606], Chakraborty et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37437], Abesinghe et al. 2020:147 [ref. 37767], Careaga et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37774], Çiçek et al. 2020:254 [ref. 37644], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2020:202 [ref. 38085], López-Segovia et al. 2020:110 [ref. 38151], Stolbunov et al. 2021:266 [ref. 40479], Taki et al. 2021:304 [ref. 39830], Chan et al. 2023:138 [ref. 40365] as cf. disjunctivus, Çiçek et al. 2023:462 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:417 [ref. 40625], Jamandre 2023:175 [ref. 40455], Page et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40505], Çiçek et al. 2024:270 [ref. 40789], Fricke et al. 2024:186 [ref. 41622], Limbu et al. 2024:559 [ref. 41201], Ntokoane et al. 2024:[8] 322 [ref. 42593], Quintana 2024:5 [ref. 41186], Soria-Barreto et al. 2024:112 [ref. 41145], Goren 2025:18 [ref. 42464], Saba et al. 2025:186 [ref. 41991]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber 1991). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin (Bolivia and Brazil). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Introduced in Turkey, Israel, India, Nepal, Southeast Asia, Mexico and Guatemala; established in Florida (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

duodecimalis, Hypostomus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:498, Pl. 454 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9446 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:69 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys duodecimalis (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker 1980:40 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Weber 1992:25 [ref. 19714], Isbrücker 2001:28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:18 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

etentaculatum, Hypostoma Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:7, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-2) [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, Januaria, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Neotype: MZUSP 35821. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. Name first published in Cuvier 1829 [ref. 995]. Neotype designated by Weber 1992:25 [ref. 19714]. Species epithet misspelled etentaculum by Cuvier 1831:221 [ref. 30376]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Isbrücker 1980:41 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], Weber 1991:642 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:4, 25 [ref. 19714], Isbrücker 2001:28, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gibbiceps, Ancistrus Kner [R.] 1854:284 [34], Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 7; ref. 2628] Upper Rio Negro near Marabitanos, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. On p. 34 of separate. •Valid as Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps (Kner 1854) -- (Weber 1991:643 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:17, 29 [ref. 19714], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Isbrücker 2001:25 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2001:27 [ref. 25653], Lasso et al. 2001:99 [ref. 25928], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:352 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner 1854) -- (Isbrücker 1980:41 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:18 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], Armbruster & Page 2006:402 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:82 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:268 [ref. 38135], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:26 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:46 [ref. 42137], Fricke et al. 2024:186 [ref. 41622], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 9 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner 1854). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: middle and upper Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Introduced in Chiapas (Mexico). Habitat: freshwater.

jeanesianus, Liposarcus Cope [E. D.] 1874:135 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 26; ref. 931] Nauta [= River Marañon, Amazonas basin], Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 8241. Paralectotypes: ANSP 8242 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:123 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Weber 1992:27 [ref. 19714]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys jeanesianus (Cope 1874) -- (Isbrücker 1980:41 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:18 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Liposarcus pardalis (Castelnau 1855) -- (Weber 1992:27 [ref. 19714], Isbrücker 2001:29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

joselimaianus, Glyptoperichthys Weber [C.] 1991:640 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 98 (no. 3); ref. 19114] Rio Araguaia, affluent of Tocantins, Amazon system, Arunanã, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 4873. Paratypes: INPA 1763 (1), 4416 (1), 1323 (1); MNHG 2483.76 (1); MZUSP 4955 (1), 24074 (2), 24224 (1), 24090 (2), 39781 (12). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Glyptoperichthys joselimaianus Weber 1991 -- (Weber 1992:20, 30 [ref. 19714], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:27 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178] Weber in Reis et al. 2003:352 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus (Weber 1991) -- (Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Marceniuk et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35324], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40667], Çiçek et al. 2024:270 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus (Weber 1991). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin, Goiás (Brazil); introduced in Iran. Habitat: freshwater.

juvens, Pterygoplichthys Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:504 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Asuncion, Río Paraguay, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 59784 [ex IU 9876]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys juvens Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Isbrücker 1980:41 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (López & Miquelarena 1991:39 [ref. 23548], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Liposarcus ambrosettii Holmberg 1893 -- (Isbrücker 2001:32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893) -- (Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:26 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:43 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg 1893). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

lituratus, Ancistrus Kner [R.] 1854:285 [35], Pl. 5 (fig. 3) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 7; ref. 2628] Rio Guaporé near Mato Grosso, Amazon system, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 16416. Paralectotypes: (5) NMW 16408 (1), 46274 (1), 91117 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. On p. 35 of separate. Lectotype selected by Weber 1992:28 [ref. 19714]. •Valid as Glyptoperichthys lituratus (Kner 1854) -- (Weber 1991:643 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:15, 28 [ref. 19714], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Isbrücker 2001:25, 27 [ref. 25653], Lasso et al. 2001:99 [ref. 25928], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys lituratus (Kner 1854) -- (Isbrücker 1980:41 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], Armbruster & Page 2006:402 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:82 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37774]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys lituratus (Kner 1854). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Colombia and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

longimanus, Ancistrus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1854:283 [33], Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 7; ref. 2628] Unknown locality. Syntypes: (2) NMW (apparently lost). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. On p. 33 of separate. Name taken from Heckel manuscript. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys longimanus (Kner 1854) -- (Isbrücker 1980:41 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Weber 1992:25 [ref. 19714], Isbrücker 2001:25, 28 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:12, 19 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

multiradiatus, Hypostomus Hancock [J.] 1828:246 [Zoological Journal, London v. 4; ref. 18242] [Probably near Santa Catalina, Orinoco system], Demerara, Guyana. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1857.6.13.162 [ex Zool. Soc.] (stuffed). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Liposarcus multiradiatus (Hancock 1828) -- (Weber 1991:642 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:9, 27 [ref. 19714], Chang & Ortega 1995:7 [ref. 24302], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Fuller et al. 1999:225 [ref. 25838], Isbrücker 2001:28, 29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Hancock 1828) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:40 [ref. 37559], Isbrücker 1980:42 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:18 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], López & Miquelarena 1991:42 [ref. 23548], Page & Burr 1991:211 [ref. 18983], Nelson et al. 2004:84 [ref. 27807], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131] as multiradiata, Mundy 2005:156 [ref. 28379], Page & Robins 2006:455 [ref. 28913], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Scharpf 2006:20 [ref. 30386], Ferraris 2007:291 [ref. 29155], Page & Burr 2011:371 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:82 [ref. 32708], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:82 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:76 [ref. 35773], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Chuctaya et al. 2022:46 [ref. 42137], Page et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:187 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Hancock 1828). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (?Argentina, Colombia, ?Guyana and Venezuela). Introduced elsewhere, including Taiwan, Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Mexico, Puerto Rico and Florida (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

pardalis, Hypostomus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:42, Pl. 20 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Amazon River, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9574. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:69 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Liposarcus pardalis (Castelnau 1855) -- (Weber 1991:642 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:10, 25 [ref. 19714], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Scott & Crossman 1998:viii [ref. 24570], Isbrücker 2001:28, 29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855) -- (Isbrücker 1980:42 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:18 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], Fuller et al. 1999:226 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:84 [ref. 27807], Chavez et al. 2006:59 [ref. 28577], Page & Robins 2006:455 [ref. 28913], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Scharpf 2006:20 [ref. 30386], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155], Page & Burr 2011:370 [ref. 31215], Angulo et al. 2013:994 [ref. 33194], Kottelat 2013:216 [ref. 32989], Page et al. 2013:82 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:82 [ref. 35633], Robins et al. 2018:147 [ref. 35886], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37108], Abesinghe et al. 2020:147 [ref. 37767], Agudelo-Zamora et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37968], Çiçek et al. 2020:254 [ref. 37644], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Angulo 2021:15 [ref. 38913], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:26 [ref. 39298], Stolbunov et al. 2021:266 [ref. 40479], Chuctaya et al. 2022:46 [ref. 42137], Taphorn et al. 2022:53 [ref. 41297], Çiçek et al. 2023:462 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:23 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:417 [ref. 40625], Jamandre 2023:175 [ref. 40455], Page et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40505], Çiçek et al. 2024:270 [ref. 40789], Fricke et al. 2024:187 [ref. 41622], Quintana 2024:5 [ref. 41186], Soria-Barreto et al. 2024:112 [ref. 41145], Goren 2025:18 [ref. 42464], Wakida-Kusunoki et al. 2025:176 [ref. 42291]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru). Introduced in Italy, Turkey, Israel, Iraq and Asia; established in Florida and Puerto Rico (U.S.A.), Mexico, Central America (Guatemala, Costa Rica), Colombia and Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

parnaibae, Glyptoperichthys Weber [C.] 1991:641 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 98 (no. 3); ref. 19114] Lac de Parnaguá, Rio Paraim, Parnaíba basin, Maranhão, Brazil. Holotype: NMW 48034. Paratypes: BMNH 1904.1.28.8 (1); CAS 63452 [ex IU 4221, MCZ 1522] (1); MCZ 7905 (2), 7906 (2), 7907-10 (2, 1, 1, 1); MZUSP 5119 (2); NMW 44453-55 (3), 48031 (2), 48033 (1), 48037-39 (4, 2, 1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Glyptoperichthys parnaibae Weber 1991 -- (Weber 1992:21, 30 [ref. 19714], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Isbrücker 2001:27 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys parnaibae (Weber 1991) -- (Armbruster & Page 2006:402 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:376 [ref. 35317], Koerber et al. 2022:51 [ref. 39235], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys parnaibae (Weber 1991). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin (northeastern Brazil). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

punctata, Loricaria Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1854:281 [31] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 7; ref. 2628] Rio Guaporé, Amazon system, San Vincente, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 76587. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. On p. 31 of separate. Name listed in synonymy of Ancistrus duodecimalis Valenciennes. Günther (1864:251) [ref. 1974] validated the name, but authorship reverts to Kner. •Valid as Glyptoperichthys punctatus (Kner 1854) -- (Weber 1991:643 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:22, 31 [ref. 19714], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Isbrücker 2001:27, 29 [ref. 25653], Lasso et al. 2001:99 [ref. 25928], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys punctatus (Kner 1854) -- (Isbrücker 1980:42 [ref. 2303], Isbrücker 1981:89 [ref. 5522], Ortega & Vari 1986:18 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[19] [ref. 35679], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:26 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:46 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys punctatus (Kner 1854). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Madeira, Purus, Jurua and Marañón River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Pterygoplichthys Günther [A.] (ex Kner) 1864:251, Figs. 2, 3a [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Guaporé, Amazon system, San Vincente, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 76587. Based on literature sources; see Loricaria punctata Kner (ex Natterer) 1854 which becomes available based on Günther's account above. •In the synonymy of Pterygoplichthys punctatus (Kner 1854). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys punctatus (Kner 1854). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

scrophus, Liposarcus Cope [E. D.] 1874:136 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 26; ref. 931] Nauta, Peru. Syntypes: USNM 132587 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:124 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps (Kner 1854) -- (Weber 1992:29 [ref. 19714]). •Valid as Glyptoperichthys scrophus (Cope 1874) -- (Page et al. 1996:186 [ref. 22598], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:27, 29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys scrophus (Cope 1874) -- (Isbrücker 1980:42 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], Armbruster & Page 2006:402 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:26 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:46 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys scrophus (Cope 1874). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Marañón and Ucayali River basins, upper Amazon basin (Peru) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

undecimalis, Chaetostomus Steindachner [F.] 1878:90 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 15 (no. 12) (for 9 May 1878); ref. 20476] Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, Magdalena basin, 40 kilometers east of Barranquilla, Colombia. Lectotype: NMW 47224. Paralectotypes: NMW 47220-22 (2, 1, 1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. Original genus is correctly Chaetostoma. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:43 [p. 27 of separate], Pl. 8 [ref. 4227]. Lectotype selected by Weber 1992:26 [ref. 19714]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys undecimalis (Steindachner 1878) -- (Isbrücker 1980:42 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860], Weber 1991:642 [ref. 19114], Weber 1992:5, 26 [ref. 19714], Galvis et al. 1997:96 [ref. 23651], Isbrücker 2001:26, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:82 [ref. 35633], Agudelo-Zamora et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37968]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys undecimalis (Steindachner 1878). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Magdalena, Cauca and Catatumbo River basins (Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

varius, Liposarcus Cope [E. D.] 1872:284 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21931. Paralectotypes: ANSP 8243-74 (31), 21925-26 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:125 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes, Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1915:233 [ref. 1392] •Valid as Pterygoplichthys varius (Cope 1872) -- (Isbrücker 1980:42 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:433 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Liposarcus pardalis (Castelnau 1855) -- (Weber 1992:27 [ref. 19714], Isbrücker 2001:29 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:20 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:365 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau 1855). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.

weberi, Pterygoplichthys Armbruster [J. W.] & Page [L. M.] 2006:406, Fig. 5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 28898] Laguna El Vaticano, Río Caqueta drainage, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMNH 13455. Paratypes: FMNH 96959 (4, 1 c&s), 101378 (1); MSU 2736.2 (1); USNM 177204 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys weberi Armbruster & Page 2006 -- (Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633], Chuctaya et al. 2022:46 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys weberi Armbruster & Page 2006. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

xinguensis, Glyptoperichthys Weber [C.] 1991:640 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 98 (no. 3); ref. 19114] Rio Fresco, affluent of Rio Xingu, Amazon system, Aldeio Gorotire, munic. São Felix do Xingu, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 35961. Paratypes: MZUSP 36868 (1), ZMA 120230 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Glyptoperichthys xinguensis Weber 1991 -- (Weber 1992:18, 30 [ref. 19714], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Isbrücker 2001:27 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:16 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pterygoplichthys xinguensis (Weber 1991) -- (Armbruster & Page 2006:402 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys xinguensis (Weber 1991). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Xingu River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

zuliaensis, Pterygoplichthys Weber [C.] 1991:638 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 98 (no. 3); ref. 19114] Río Santa Ana, Maracaibo basin, Hacienda Río Grande, 9°36'20"N, 72°07'00"W, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-20250 [ex MBUCV-V-14654]. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-14654 (6), V-14655 (13). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:15 [ref. 24196], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155]. Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061] has the holotype as MBUCV-V146543 [needs checking]. •Valid as Pterygoplichthys zuliaensis Weber 1991 -- (Weber 1992:7, 26 [ref. 19714], Burgess & Finley 1996:169 [ref. 22901], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:28 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:366 [ref. 27061], Armbruster & Page 2006:403 [ref. 28898], Ferraris 2007:292 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Pterygoplichthys zuliaensis Weber 1991. Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.