americanus, Esox Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1390 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Long Island, New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Esox americanus Gmelin 1789, subspecies americanus -- (Lachance 2002:597 [ref. 26243] dated 1788, Grande et al. 2004:746, 750 [ref. 28936], Scharpf 2006:21 [ref. 30386], Page & Burr 2011:372 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies). •Valid as Esox americanus Gmelin 1789 -- (Crossman 1978:15 [ref. 6974], Lee et al. 1980:131 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:247 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:143 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:69 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:63 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:60 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:67 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:334 [ref. 22809], Jenkins et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:242 [ref. 21581], Ráb & Crossman 1994:1951 [ref. 22739], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Stauffer et al. 1995:225 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:417 [ref. 25836], Murdy et al. 1997:104 [ref. 23144], Coffie 1997:133 [ref. 25002], Scott & Crossman 1998:348 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:227 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:37 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:335 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:84 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:355 [ref. 27995], Page et al. 2013:87 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:172 [ref. 35886] dated 1788 with 2 subspecies, Bagley et al. 2023:316 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Esox americanus Gmelin 1789. Esocidae: Esocinae. Distribution: Eastern North America. Atlantic Slope drainages to southern Georgia [subspecies americanus]. Habitat: freshwater.