lucius, Esox Linnaeus [C.] 1758:314 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Possible syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.114 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:209 [ref. 13434]. As Esox lucio in Bloch 1782:229 [ref. 19643]. •Valid as Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:31 [ref. 39336], Berg 1948:458 [ref. 12882], Crossman 1978:14 [ref. 6974], Lee et al. 1980:133 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:250 [ref. 22186], Lelek 1987:67 [ref. 22962], Robison & Buchanan 1988:144 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:69 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:65 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:61 [ref. 18983], Coad 1991:20 [ref. 15702], Etnier & Starnes 1993:335 [ref. 22809], Jenkins et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:232 [ref. 21581], Ráb & Crossman 1994:1951 [ref. 22739], Baxter & Stone 1995:152 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:227 [ref. 23376], Coad 1995:24 [ref. 23608], Cross & Collins 1995:163 [ref. 23394], Zhu 1995:16 [ref. 25213], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:85 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:95 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:733 [ref. 24702], Coffie 1997:133 [ref. 25002], Sigler & Sigler 1996:162 [ref. 25943], Popova 1998:52 [ref. 23588], Coad 1998:103 [ref. 23869], Scott & Crossman 1998:356 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:228 [ref. 25838], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Lyons et al. 2000:37 [ref. 26594], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178], Chereshnev et al. 2001:50 [ref. 26736], Pietsch et al. 2001:141 [ref. 25688], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Sideleva 2001:47 [ref. 26181], Lachance 2002:597 [ref. 26243], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:144 [ref. 25968], Moyle 2002:222 [ref. 26449], Fedorov et al. 2003:27 [ref. 27579], Sideleva 2003:12 [ref. 27815], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:111 [ref. 27816], Hanel 2003:57 [ref. 27894], Nelson et al. 2004:84 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:138 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:252 [ref. 27931], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:124 [ref. 28183], Grande et al. 2004:746 [ref. 28936], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:165 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:297 [ref. 28804], Kottelat 2006:26 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:55 [ref. 28933], Scharpf 2006:21 [ref. 30386], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:57 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:342 [ref. 29996], McPhail 2007:210 [ref. 31199], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:168 [ref. 31251], Minckley & Marsh 2009:101 [ref. 31114], Esmaeili et al. 2010:374 [ref. 33391], Page & Burr 2011:374 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:87 [ref. 32708], Denys et al. 2014:532 [ref. 33448], Parin et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:891 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:79 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:190 [ref. 34477], Esmaeili et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35254], Romanov et al. 2017:823 [ref. 35687], Dolgov et al. 2018:81 [ref. 41055], Esmaeili et al. 2018:58 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:64 [ref. 35805], Ćaleta et al. 2019:174 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:27 [ref. 36599], Bayçelebi 2020:760 [ref. 37964], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:255 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:216 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:42 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:420 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40505], Çiçek et al. 2024:282 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758. Esocidae: Esocinae. Distribution: Circumpolar in Northern Hemisphere: North America, Europe, northern Asia. Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.
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