barbatum, Echiostoma Lowe [R. T.] 1843:88 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1843 (pt 11); ref. 2832] Off Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1917.7.14.82. Probably should not be treated as an original description without ICZN action. Treated as valid and not the same as Stomias barbatus by current authors. Lowe cites Stomias barbatus and states, "This [his barbatum] is very probably the fish briefly noticed by Cuvier under the above synonym." •Valid as Echiostoma barbatum Lowe 1843 -- (Morrow 1973:137 [ref. 7175], Fujii in Okamura et al. 1982:83, 329 [ref. 8256], Gibbs in Whitehead et al. 1984:345 [ref. 13675], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:52 [ref. 6441], Gibbs 1986:238 [ref. 5655], Scott & Scott 1988:177 [ref. 25518], Paxton et al. 1989:198 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:101 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:94 [ref. 14674], Gibbs & Barnett 1990:312 [ref. 14915], Boschung 1992:69 [ref. 23239], Gomon et al. 1994:258 [ref. 22532], Shinohara et al. 1996:162 [ref. 26605], Arruda 1997:37 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:490 [ref. 23897], Fricke 1999:90 [ref. 24106], Harold 1999:1913 [ref. 24741], Nakabo 2000:334 [ref. 25086] as Echostoma, Hutchins 2001:19 [ref. 25847], Shinohara et al. 2001:298 [ref. 25995] as Echostoma, Nakabo 2002:334 [ref. 26001] as Echostoma, Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:46 [ref. 27192], Moore et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27076], Mundy 2005:180 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:445 [ref. 28995], Kenaley et al. 2008:248 [ref. 30630], Fricke et al. 2011:357 [ref. 31242], Kenaley & Stewart 2015:502 [ref. 34248], Harold 2016:1813 [ref. 34568], Nión et al. 2016:36 [ref. 35565], Brown et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:97 [ref. 37250], Sutton et al. 2020:83 [ref. 37832], Fermon et al. 2022:175 [ref. 39448] possible, Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:69 [ref. 41223], Page et al. 2023:87 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Echiostoma barbatum Lowe 1843. Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae. Distribution: Circumglobal, but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.