gladiator, Nematostomias Zugmayer [E.] 1911:5 [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 193; ref. 6161] Bay of Biscay, 44°19'N, 11°19'W, station 3003, depth 0-4900 meters. Holotype (unique): MOM 0091-1130. Type catalog: Belloc 1949:7 [ref. 21544]. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Zugmayer 1911:76, Pl. 3 (fig. 5) [ref. 4846]. •Valid as Leptostomias gladiator (Zugmayer 1911) -- (Morrow 1973:140 [ref. 7175], Gibbs in Whitehead et al. 1984:355 [ref. 13675], Gibbs 1986:240 [ref. 5655], Gibbs & Barnett 1990:324 [ref. 14915], Santos et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:38 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:522 [ref. 23897], Fricke 1999:90 [ref. 24106], Porteiro et al. 1999:31 [ref. 24203], Harold 1999:1913 [ref. 24741], Harold 2003:912 [ref. 27001], Menezes et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27192], Moore et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27076], Fricke et al. 2014:26 [ref. 33932], Parin et al. 2014:149 [ref. 33547], Kenaley & Stewart 2015:511 [ref. 34248], Harold 2016:1814 [ref. 34568], Nión et al. 2016:36 [ref. 35565], Carneiro et al. 2019:100 [ref. 37250], Iglésias et al. 2020:291 [ref. 37987], Sutton et al. 2020:116 [ref. 37832], Bañón & Maño 2021:55 [ref. 38883], Eduardo et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39574], Villarins et al. 2022:55 [ref. 39442], Page et al. 2023:89 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Leptostomias gladiator (Zugmayer 1911). Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae. Distribution: Circumglobal, from 56°N to 45°S. Habitat: marine.