encrasicolus, Clupea Linnaeus [C.] 1758:318 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] 18 nautical miles off Sète, Gulf of Lyon, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. MNHN 2002-1775. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:20 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Neotype designated by Borsa et al. 2004:1113 [ref. 28607]. Spelled encrasiolus in Brünnich 1768:83 [ref. 17290]. Sometimes spelled encrasicholus or encrassicolus.. •Valid as Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:30 [ref. 39336] as encrasicholus, Svetovidov 1973:111 [ref. 7169], Dor 1984:43 [ref. 29757], Nelson 1984:424 [ref. 5190], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:282 [ref. 13675], Whitehead et al. 1988:316 [ref. 5725], Whitehead 1990:228 [ref. 14039], Goren & Dor 1994:11 [ref. 25356], Coad 1995:9 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Santos et al. 1997:121 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:30 [ref. 24952] as encrasicholus, Fricke 1999:20 [ref. 24101], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:39 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:146 [ref. 39343], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S97 [ref. 27377], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:30 [ref. 28183], Borsa et al. 2005:1121 [ref. 28607], Golani 2005:20 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:25 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:44 [ref. 30517], Fricke 2008:15 [ref. 30182], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:20 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:51 [ref. 33547], Nizinski & Munroe 2016:1717 [ref. 34559], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[22] 260 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:32 [ref. 36273], Martins & Carneiro 2018:29 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:74 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:79 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:45 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37519], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:52 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:20 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39014], Bonhomme et al. 2022:597 [ref. 39183] as cf. encrasicolus, Dyldin et al. 2022:[18] [ref. 39193], Fermon et al. 2022:129 [ref. 39448], Niță et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40471]). Current status: Valid as Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus 1758). Engraulidae: Engraulinae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: Norway south to South Africa, including Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and São Tomé and Principe; Red Sea (Mediterranean Sea immigrant); southwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: brackish, marine.
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