acus, Gymnotus Brünnich [M. T.] 1768:13 [Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptiones eorumque apud incolas nomina; ref. 17290] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Neotype: ZMUC Jour. no. 36. Neotype designated by Markle & Olney 1990:375 [ref. 18996]. •Valid as Carapus acus (Brünnich 1768) -- (Arnold 1956:263 [ref. 5315], Wheeler 1973:557 [ref. 7190], Trott & Olney in Whitehead et al. 1986:1173 [ref. 13677], Markle & Olney 1990:374 [ref. 18996], Santos et al. 1997:124 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:111 [ref. 24952], Parmentier et al. 1999:135 [ref. 23955], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:12 [ref. 24448], Parmentier et al. 2000:295 [ref. 26179], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:54 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:26 [ref. 37112], Parmentier et al. 2006:122 [ref. 28668], Fricke et al. 2007:65 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:31 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:119 [ref. 32972], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Nielsen 2016:1945 [ref. 34583], Artüz & Fricke 2019:554 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:159 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:110 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:61 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:29 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:33 [ref. 39014], Ergüden & Turan 2022:115 [ref. 39385], Fermon et al. 2022:208 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Carapus acus (Brünnich 1768). Carapidae: Carapinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay south to Angola, including Azores and Madeira and São Tomé and Principe; southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island. Habitat: marine.