holbrooki, Gambusia Girard [C. F.] (ex Agassiz) 1859:62 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1821] Palatka, eastern Florida, [Palatka, eastern Florida and Charleston, South Carolina], U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 6976. Paralectotypes: ANSP 6977 (1) Palatka, MCZ 35999 [ex USNM 8301] (5) Charleston, USNM 8301 (45). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:143 [ref. 13621], Parenti et al. 1999:7 [ref. 24072]. Name taken from Agassiz manuscript (as Heterandria holbrookii), but author of description is Girard. Name spelled holbrooki by Girard on p. 62. Lectotype selected by Huber 2019:64 [ref. 36941]. •Synonym of Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard 1853), but a valid subspecies holbrookii Girard 1859 -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1992:242 [ref. 37756], La Rivers 1994:532 [ref. 23389], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:746 [ref. 24702], Seegers et al. 2003:41 [ref. 28087], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:174 [ref. 28369], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:169 [ref. 31251]). •Synonym of Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:95 [ref. 7067], Lee et al. 1980:538 [ref. 22416], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:214 [ref. 25473], Pequeño 1989:51 [ref. 14125], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:558 [ref. 27061], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Hammer & Walker 2004:91 [ref. 28129], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:178 [ref. 28183], Miller 2006:227 [ref. 28615], Hoese & Gates 2006:742 [ref. 28997], Fricke et al. 2007:72 [ref. 29533], Scharpf 2007:18 [ref. 30398]). •Valid as Gambusia holbrooki Girard 1859 -- (Wooten et al. 1988:283 [ref. 22447], Rauchenberger 1989:3 [ref. 15687], Hernandez-Martich & Smith 1990:619 [ref. 21032], Coad 1991:20 [ref. 15702], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:618 [ref. 21581], Coad 1995:26 [ref. 23608], Angus & Howell 1996:2 [ref. 39839], McDowall in McDowall 1996:116 [ref. 22909], Coad 1996:85 [ref. 25304], Mettee et al. 1996:479 [ref. 25836], Murdy et al. 1997:129 [ref. 23144], Savvaitova & Reshetnikov 1998:107 [ref. 23592], Kullander et al. 1999:151 [ref. 23689], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:924 [ref. 23897], Morgan et al. 1998:41 [ref. 24611], Fuller et al. 1999:304 [ref. 25838], Parenti et al. 1999:7 [ref. 24072], Fricke 1999:114 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:180 [ref. 25013], Dyer 2000:89 [ref. 26678], Walters & Freeman 2000:555 [ref. 24473], Freyhof et al. 2000:96 [ref. 25184], Gabrielyan 2001:28 [ref. 25867], Ross et al. 2001:378 [ref. 25978], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:201 [ref. 26728], Allen et al. 2002:365 [ref. 25930], Doadrio et al. 2002:78 [ref. 26616], Ghedotti & Wiley 2003:1157 [ref. 27019], Nelson et al. 2004:103 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:410 [ref. 27995], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:482 [ref. 29996], Fricke et al. 2009:32 [ref. 30213], Meyer et al. 2010:13 [ref. 30817] as holbrookii, Minckley & Marsh 2009:254 [ref. 31114], Coad 2010:251 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:375 [ref. 33391], Page & Burr 2011:446 [ref. 31215], Morgan et al. 2011:22 [ref. 31262], Hammer et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32389], Langerhans et al. 2012:1530 [ref. 32308], Page et al. 2013:109 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:300 [ref. 32989], Morgan et al. 2014:40 [ref. 36567], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:894 [ref. 34062], Meyer 2015:74 [ref. 34698] as holbrookii, Barbieri et al. 2015:92 [ref. 35029], Esmaeili et al. 2015:122 [ref. 35030], Çiçek et al. 2015:150 [ref. 35151], Miesen et al. 2016:87 [ref. 34492], Esmaeili et al. 2017:92 [ref. 35254], Koerber et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35632], Saygun et al. 2017:187 [ref. 38891], Esmaeili et al. 2018:74 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:108 [ref. 35805], Kuiter 2018:101 [ref. 36369], Robins et al. 2018:228 [ref. 35886], Ćaleta et al. 2019:184 [ref. 37026], Koerber et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36736], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:32 [ref. 36599], Huber 2019:64 [ref. 36941], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Bayçelebi 2020:761 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:258 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:99 [ref. 37569], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:270 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1408 [ref. 39565], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Bagley et al. 2023:319 [ref. 41241], Çiçek et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:469 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:437 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Epitashvili et al. 2023:1113 [ref. 40627], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:218 [ref. 40377], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40667], Page et al. 2023:145 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:42 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40747] as Gambusiaholbrooki, Çiçek et al. 2024:338 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Gambusia holbrooki Girard 1859. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern U.S.A. Widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.