caspius, Barbus brachycephalus Berg [L. S.] 1914:612, Fig. 119 [ ref. 274] Caspian Sea basin. Syntypes: ZIN 2982 (8), 3895 (10), 9108 (1, misidentified), 9109 (2), 9117-18 (11, 1), 9124 (8), 10619 (apparently lost). Original not seen. See Bogutskaya in Bănărescu & Bogutskaya 2003:114 [ref. 27353] for information on types. •Synonym of Barbus brachycephalus Kessler 1872, but a valid subspecies caspius Berg 1914 -- (Berg 1949:706 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:39 [ref. 37734], Coad 1995:12 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:88 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya in Bănărescu & Bogutskaya 2003:113 [ref. 27353]). •Synonym of Luciobarbus brachycephalus (Kessler 1872), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:49 [ref. 28183], Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391]). •Valid as Luciobarbus caspius (Berg 1914) -- (Fricke et al. 2007:42 [ref. 29533], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:875 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:31 [ref. 36089], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Çiçek et al. 2024:168 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Luciobarbus caspius (Berg 1914). Cyprinidae: Barbinae. Distribution: Eurasia: southern and western Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater.