kaibarae, Pygosteus Tanaka [S.] 1915:565 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 27 (no. 325); ref. 4324] Kichisho-in, southwest of Kyoto, Japan. Lectotype: ZUMT 8197. Paralectotypes: ZUMT 59848-54 (7). Lectotype established by Tanaka 1918:491 [ref. 14911], as ZUMT 8197 (identity of specimen not researched). •Synonym of Pungitius sinensis (Guichenot 1869), but a valid subspecies -- (Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:84 [ref. 6441]). •See Kim 1997:392 [ref. 24032]. •Synonym of Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies sinensis (Guichenot 1869) -- (Okada 1961:622 [ref. 6363], Keivany & Nelson 2000:118 [ref. 24720]). •Valid as Pungitius kaibarae (Tanaka 1915) -- (Nakabo 2000:514 [ref. 25086], Kim & Park 2002:314 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:514 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:231, 553 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:120 [ref. 27681], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:349 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:204 [ref. 33547], Takahashi et al. 2016:49 [ref. 34337], Matsumoto et al. 2021:16 [ref. 38508], Wang et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38800]). Current status: Valid as Pungitius kaibarae (Tanaka 1915). Gasterosteidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Sea of Japan (Hyogo, Kyoto and Osaka prefectures, Japan and eastern side of Korean Peninsulae). IUCN (2021): Not assessed. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.