starksii, Siphostoma Jordan [D. S.] & Culver [G. B.] in Jordan 1895:416, Pl. 30 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Río Presidio near Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 47425. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.321 (1), CAS-SU 2686 (4), CAS-SU 67185 (1, ex CAS-SU 2686), ZMB 14058-59 (1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:62 [ref. 12291], Dawson 1985:162 [ref. 6541] with lectotype as SU 67185. Lectotype selected by Jordan & Evermann 1896:771 [ref. 2443]. Lectotype not established (as figured specimen, SU 2686) in caption to Pl. 120, p. 3259 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]. •Valid as Pseudophallus starksii (Jordan 1895) -- (Dawson 1982:45 [ref. 6764], Villa 1982:151 [ref. 36708], Dawson 1985:162 [ref. 6541], Bussing 1987:165 [ref. 22927], Bussing 1998:257 [ref. 24179] as starksi, Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:234 [ref. 24550] as starksi, Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:591 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:112 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:322 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:36 [ref. 30398], Kuiter 2009:241 [ref. 30404], Matamoros et al. 2009:16 [ref. 31241], Angulo et al. 2013:998 [ref. 33194] as sterksi, McMahan et al. 2013:448 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:114 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:117 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:310 [ref. 34894], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 3 [ref. 35615], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35859], Angulo et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37425] as starksi, Dallevo-Gomes et al. 2020:98 [ref. 37836], Angulo et al. 2023:31 [ref. 40676], Barrientos et al. 2023:272 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:118 [ref. 40505], Valenzuela et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40815]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophallus starksii (Jordan & Culver 1895). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Distribution: Southern North America, Central America, northwestern South America: freshwater coastal drainages of the Pacific, from San Jose del Cabo (Baja California, Mexico) south to Tumbes River (northern Peru) Habitat: freshwater, brackish.