caninus, Caranx Günther [A.] 1867:601 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (pt 3); ref. 1984] Panama. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.12.16.19. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:292 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Caranx caninus Günther 1867 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:206 [ref. 9277], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:825 [ref. 13676], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:954 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:78 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:362 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:223 [ref. 29160], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], McMahan et al. 2013:449 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:237 [ref. 36362], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Grove et al. 2022:19 [ref. 41326], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Barrientos et al. 2023:273 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:128 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:203 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx caninus Günther 1867. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.
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