ruber, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:75, Pl. 342 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Saint Croix, United States Virgin Islands. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1535. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:55 [ref. 24282]. On p. 63 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. ZMB 1535 selected as lectotype by Paepke 1999:55 [ref. 24282], but Bloch mentioned that his description was based on a single specimen only. •Valid as Carangoides ruber (Bloch 1793) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:288 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1443 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516]). •Valid as Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793) -- (Baughman 1947:280 [ref. 41409], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:131 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:286 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:69 [ref. 24474], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:239 [ref. 25013], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:280 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2481 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37250], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:76 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:129 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Jersey (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; southern-central Atlantic: Ascension and Saint Helena islands; northeastern Atlantic: Azores. Habitat: marine.
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