carolinus, Gasterosteus Linnaeus [C.] (ex Garden) 1766:490 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.]. Holotype (unique): Linn. Soc. Lond. 136 (right half-skin). Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:203 [ref. 1841], Wheeler 1985:56 [ref. 20705]. Spelled carolinensis in Shaw 1803:608 [ref. 4014]. Based on 'Crevalle' in manuscript description and 1 specimen sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Valid as Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Herrera 1896:47 [ref. 39336] with genus as Trachynotus, Robins & Ray 1986:164 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:134 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:294 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:102 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:172 [ref. 23144], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:279 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:247 [ref. 25013], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:399 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1463 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:299 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:256 [ref. 37250], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:359 [ref. 38945], Bagley et al. 2023:318 [ref. 41241], Barrientos et al. 2023:273 [ref. 41235], Carvalho-Filho 2023:148 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:43 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:130 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; northeastern Atlantic: Azores. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.
|
