gibbosus, Sparus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:47 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:25 [ref. 3595]. •Valid as Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Tortonese 1973:408 [ref. 7192], Bauchot & Hureau in Whitehead et al. 1986:888 [ref. 13676], Bauchot & Hureau 1990:792 [ref. 18793], Afonso et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:90 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:42 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:86 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:35 [ref. 30263], Bañon et al. 2010:17 [ref. 31029], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:46 [ref. 36649], Carpenter & Iwatsuki in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2588 [ref. 34618], Martins & Carneiro 2018:140 [ref. 36550], Carneiro et al. 2019:264 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Parenti 2019:60 [ref. 36892], Parenti 2019:101 [ref. 37117], Reiner 2019:215 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:90 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:42 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:84 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:54 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:79 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:280 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque 1810). Sparidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola, including Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), ?Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.