caninus, Serranus Valenciennes [A.] 1843:10 [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Canary Islands. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1984:45 [ref. 19232]. •Valid as Mycteroperca canina (Valenciennes 1843) -- (Ma & Craig 2018:456 [ref. 36100] as caninus). •Valid as Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes 1843) -- (Tortonese 1973:359 [ref. 7192], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:785 [ref. 13676], Heemstra 1991:22 [ref. 19323], Smith 1990:698 [ref. 18227], Heemstra & Randall 1993:122 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Bressi 2001:281 [ref. 25708], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:78 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:35 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:79 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:41 [ref. 36649], Craig et al. 2011:99 [ref. 31786], Boltachev & Karpova 2013:258 [ref. 41580], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2389 [ref. 34618], Carneiro et al. 2019:243 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:86 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37519], Parenti & Randall 2020:64 [ref. 37354], Golani 2021:40 [ref. 38303], González-Lorenzo et al. 2021:146 [ref. 38374], Kovačić et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:287 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes 1843). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Black Sea; Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola, including Madeira (Portugal) and Canary Islands (Spain). IUCn (2018): Data Deficient. Habitat: marine.