macrochirus, Lepomis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1819:420 [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88; ref. 3590] Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:241 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Lepomis macrochirus [sometimes also as subspecies macrochirus] Rafinesque 1819 -- (Lee et al. 1980:597 [ref. 22416], Mochizuki in Masuda et al. 1984:142 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:302 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:370 [ref. 23393], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:506 [ref. 25598], McAllister 1990:140 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:181 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:269 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:112 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:63 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:417 [ref. 22809], Skelton 1993:284 [ref. 24071], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:747 [ref. 21581], La Rivers 1994:566 [ref. 23389], Warren et al. 1994:133 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Baxter & Stone 1995:232 [ref. 23374], Coad 1995:27 [ref. 23608], Stauffer et al. 1995:273 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:198 [ref. 23394], Coad 1996:85 [ref. 25304], Mettee et al. 1996:539 [ref. 25836], Sigler & Sigler 1996:255 [ref. 25943], Murdy et al. 1997:246 [ref. 23144], Kim 1997:516 [ref. 24032], Gilbert 1998:241 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:719 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:364 [ref. 25838], Ruiz-Campos et al. 2000:78 [ref. 24940], Nakabo 2000:745 [ref. 25086], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Lyons et al. 2000:43 [ref. 26594], Sakai et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25693], Kim & Park 2002:338 [ref. 25913], Ross et al. 2001:415 [ref. 25978], Skelton 2001:284 [ref. 27406], Nakabo 2002:745 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:318, 595 [ref. 26218] with date as 1810, Moyle 2002:381 [ref. 26449], Roe et al. 2002:900 [ref. 26504], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:181 [ref. 27816], Bailey et al. 2004:181 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:131 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:308 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:454 [ref. 27995], Seegers et al. 2003:46 [ref. 28087], Mundy 2005:352 [ref. 28379], Miller 2006:332 [ref. 28615], McPhail 2007:504 [ref. 31199], Scharpf 2008:15 [ref. 30399] with subspecies, Minckley & Marsh 2009:287 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:502 [ref. 31215], Marshall 2011:202 [ref. 31755], Page et al. 2013:135 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:44 [ref. 33341], Fricke et al. 2018:163 [ref. 35805], Robins et al. 2018:278 [ref. 35886] with 3 subspecies, Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque 1819. Centrarchidae: Lepominae. Distribution: Widespread in North America. Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.
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