managuensis, Heros Günther [A.] 1867:602 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (pt 3); ref. 1984] Lake Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1865.7.20.32. Described in more detail in Günther 1868:463, Pl. 77 (fig. 3) [ref. 1994]. •Valid as Cichlasoma managuense (Günther 1867) -- (Villa 1982:196 [ref. 36708], Bussing 1987:208 [ref. 22927], Page & Burr 1991:333 [ref. 18983], Conkel 1993:123 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:68 [ref. 22290], Fuller et al. 1999:422 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:152 [ref. 27807]). •Treated as a synonym of Parachromis gulosus Agassiz 1859 -- (Kullander & Hartel 1997:193 [ref. 22732] after recognizing gulosus as available and valid). •Valid as Parachromis managuensis (Günther 1867) but with remarks -- (Bussing 1998:369, 372 [ref. 24179]). •Valid as Nandopsis managuensis (Günther 1867) -- (Burgess 2000:50 [ref. 24818]). •Valid as Parachromis managuensis (Günther 1867) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:640 [ref. 27061], Mundy 2005:422 [ref. 28379], Scharpf 2009:9 [ref. 30400], Minckley & Marsh 2009:268 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:612 [ref. 31215], Matamoros et al. 2009:22 [ref. 31241], McMahan et al. 2013:452 [ref. 32422], Kottelat 2013:374 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:1005 [ref. 33194], Říčan et al. 2016:32 [ref. 34357], Robins et al. 2018:391 [ref. 35886] dated 1862, González-Murcia et al. 2019:295 [ref. 36544], Angulo et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37425], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2020:202 [ref. 38085], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Angulo 2021:11 [ref. 38913], Fu et al. 2021:9573 [ref. 39347], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:243 [ref. 39506], Angulo et al. 2023:55 [ref. 40676], Chan et al. 2023:147 [ref. 40365], Jamandre 2023:164 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Parachromis managuensis (Günther 1867). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Introduced in Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Yunnan and Hong Kong (China), Philippines, Hawaiian Islands, southern Florida and Puerto Rico (U.S.A.) and elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.
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