urophthalmus, Heros Günther [A.] 1862:291 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Lake Petén [Petén Itza], Guatemala. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1864.1.26.74-77. The name urophthalmus apparently is a noun (if it could also be an adjective based on the derivation of the name, Art. 31.2.2 of the Code states the name must be treated as a noun). •Valid as Nandopsis urophthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Burgess 2000:48 [ref. 24818]). •Valid as Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Villa 1982:201 [ref. 36708], Page & Burr 1991:332 [ref. 18983], Gamboa Pérez 1992:326 [ref. 38704], Conkel 1993:135 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:71 [ref. 22290], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:205 [ref. 22947], Fuller et al. 1999:429 [ref. 25838], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:625 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma', Smith et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27621] as urophthalmum, Nelson et al. 2004:153 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2009:6 [ref. 30400], Barrientos et al. 2015:4 [ref. 37653]). •Valid as "Cichlasoma" urophthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Miller 2006:368 [ref. 28615], Nico et al. 2007:197 [ref. 29828], Matamoros et al. 2009:21 [ref. 31241], Kottelat 2013:374 [ref. 32989] as urophthalmum). •Valid as Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34357], Robins et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35886], Barrientos-Villalobos et al. 2018:268 [ref. 35933], Morgenstern 2018:261 [ref. 36331], Ng et al. 2019:536 [ref. 36606], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2020:202 [ref. 38085], Lardizábal et al. 2020:[2] [ref. 37956]. Radhakrishnan et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37607], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39506], Angulo et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40676], Barrientos et al. 2023:273 [ref. 41235], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Page et al. 2023:137 [ref. 40505], Quintana 2024:6 [ref. 41186]). Current status: Valid as Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America and Central America: Atlantic watersheds (Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua). Introduced in Florida (U.S.A.), Veracruz (Mexico), India, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.
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