smaragdus, Gobius Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1837:120 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 12; ref. 1006] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-1257. Poey specimens: NMW 30120 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1991:39 [ref. 19958]. •Valid as Gobionellus smaragdus (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:247 [ref. 23100], Pezold & Gilbert 1987:174 [ref. 6777], Cervigón 1994:181 [ref. 24488], Andreata & Séret 1996:588 [ref. 16204], Marín 2000:78 [ref. 26252]). •Valid as Ctenogobius smaragdus (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Schwartz 1999:285 [ref. 25307], Murdy & Hoese 2003:1795 [ref. 27111], Moura et al. in Menezes et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27192], Pezold 2004:273 [ref. 27685], Nelson et al. 2004:170 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:692 [ref. 28815], Van Tassell 2011:143 [ref. 31732], Page et al. 2013:176 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1008 [ref. 33194], Costa et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35684], Brito et al. 2019:35 [ref. 36996], Carvalho-Filho in Marceniuk et al. 2021:238 [ref. 38945], Parenti 2021:311 [ref. 38603], Koerber et al. 2022:66 [ref. 39235], Pezold 2022:122 [ref. 39351], Page et al. 2023:122 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Ctenogobius smaragdus (Valenciennes 1837). Oxudercidae: Gobionellinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina to southwestern Florida, Cuba, Virgin Islands, Belize, Venezuela to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.