virginicus, Polynemus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:317 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America. No types known. Misspelled verginicus by Walbaum 1792:630 [ref. 4572]. •Valid as Polynemus virginicus Linnaeus 1758 -- (López et al. 2002:65 [ref. 26808]). •Valid as Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:215 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:381 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:387 [ref. 24474], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:218 [ref. 22947], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:269 [ref. 25013], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:401 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Motomura et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25548], Camargo & Isaac 2001:142 [ref. 27639], Motomura et al. 2002:363 [ref. 26500], Feltes 2003:1582 [ref. 27096], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:86 [ref. 27192], Motomura 2004:9 [ref. 27601], Smith et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:146 [ref. 27807], Motomura 2004:77 [ref. 27970], Dennis et al. 2004:78 [ref. 31601], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:409 [ref. 28815], Matamoros et al. 2009:19 [ref. 31241], Page et al. 2013:151 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1003 [ref. 33194], Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503], Catelani et al. 2014:933 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:56 [ref. 33341], Marceniuk et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35324], Nión et al. 2016:48 [ref. 35565], Kang et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35524], Spier et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36717], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:596 [ref. 38945], Koerber et al. 2022:68 [ref. 39235], Angulo et al. 2023:42 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:203 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:63 [ref. 40710]). Current status: Valid as Polydactylus virginicus (Linnaeus 1758). Polynemidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to northern Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.