flexuosa, Spicara Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:51 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:24 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Spicara maena (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Tortonese et al. 1973:418 [ref. 7202]). •Synonym of Spicara maena (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Heemstra 1990:769 [ref. 18769], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:99 [ref. 26753], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:50 [ref. 36649]). •Valid as Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque 1810 -- (Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:910 [ref. 13676], Parin 2003:S12 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:45 [ref. 37112], Vasil'eva 2007:105 [ref. 30517], Parin et al. 2014:371 [ref. 33547], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:274 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Parenti 2019:54 [ref. 36892], Parenti 2019:101 [ref. 37117], Kovačić et al. 2020:43 [ref. 37519], Abliazov et al. 2021:9 [ref. 38576], Golani 2021:57 [ref. 38303], Şalcioğlu et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38339], Kovačić et al. 2021:81 [ref. 39014]). •Valid as Spicara flexuosum Rafinesque 1810 -- (Chris Scharpf, pers. comm., Aug. 2020). Current status: Valid as Spicara flexuosum Rafinesque 1810. Sparidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; northeastern Atlantic: Portugal. Habitat: brackish, marine.