smaris, Sparus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:278 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Southern Europe (Mediterranean Sea). No types known. •Valid as Smaris smaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:1052 [ref. 20662]). •Valid as Spicara smaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese et al. 1973:418 [ref. 7202], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:911 [ref. 13676], Heemstra 1990:771 [ref. 18769], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:751 [ref. 24702], Popova 1998:122 [ref. 23588], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:99 [ref. 26753], Parin 2003:S13 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:45 [ref. 37112], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:179 [ref. 28369], Vasil'eva 2007:107 [ref. 30517], Fricke 2008:43 [ref. 30182], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:169 [ref. 31251], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:50 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:372 [ref. 33547], Carpenter & Iwatsuki in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2618 [ref. 34618], Martins & Carneiro 2018:162 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:274 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Parenti 2019:56 [ref. 36892], Bariche & Fricke 2020:64 [ref. 37515], Dyldin et al. 2020:93 [ref. 37569], Kovačić et al. 2020:43 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:58 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:82 [ref. 39014], Şalcioğlu et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38339]). Current status: Valid as Spicara smaris (Linnaeus 1758). Sparidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Morocco, including Madeira and Canary Islands. Habitat: brackish, marine.