cantharus, Sparus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:280 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:41 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese 1973:414 [ref. 7192], Bauchot & Hureau in Whitehead et al. 1986:907 [ref. 13676], Bauchot & Hureau 1990:811 [ref. 18793], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:164 [ref. 25472], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:xi [ref. 21953], Santos et al. 1997:90 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:91 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:41 [ref. 24101], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:98 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Parin 2003:S12 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:45 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:89 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:103 [ref. 30517], Fricke 2008:42 [ref. 30182], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:49 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:371 [ref. 33547], Carpenter & Iwatsuki in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2619 [ref. 34618], Martins & Carneiro 2018:149 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:274 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Parenti 2019:56 [ref. 36892], Bariche & Fricke 2020:94 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:43 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:87 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:57 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:82 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:282 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus 1758). Sparidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Norway south to Namibia, including Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain) and Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: brackish, marine.