umbra, Sciaena Linnaeus [C.] 1758:289 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] [Zara], Zadar, Dalmatia, Croatia, Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Neotype: BMNH 1893.9.21.10. Neotype designated by Trewavas 1966:5 [ref. 21252] -- see ICZN Opinion 988. •Valid as Sciaena umbra Linnaeus 1758 -- (Trewavas 1973:396 [ref. 7201], Chao in Whitehead et al. 1986:871 [ref. 13676], Chao & Trewavas 1990:822 [ref. 18934], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:750 [ref. 24702], Popova 1998:121 [ref. 23588], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:100 [ref. 26753], Parin 2003:S13 [ref. 28536], Golani 2005:46 [ref. 37112], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:178 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:90 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:109 [ref. 30517], Fricke 2008:43 [ref. 30182], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:171 [ref. 31251], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:50 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:373 [ref. 33547], Chao in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2650 [ref. 34618], Artüz & Fricke 2019:557 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:276 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:81 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37519], Parenti 2020:49 [ref. 37439], Abliazov et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:87 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:58 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:75 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:284 [ref. 39448], Niță et al. 2022:104 [ref. 40471]). Current status: Valid as Sciaena umbra Linnaeus 1758. Sciaenidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: English Channel south to Senegal, including Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain) and Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: brackish, marine.