polyacanthus, Monocirrhus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:439 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Marabitanos, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 76725. •Valid as Monocirrhus polyacanthus Heckel 1840 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Britz & Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:603 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:117 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:131, 189 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:96 [ref. 35633], Alvarez et al. 2019:3 [ref. 37872], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Monocirrhus polyacanthus Heckel 1840. Polycentridae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.