auratus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:322 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] China; Japanese rivers. No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Paepke 1999:70 [ref. 24282] treats types for Cyprinus auratus var. a and var. c of Bloch 1784. Also appeared in Linnaeus 1759:252 [ref. 24770]. •Valid as Cyprinus auratus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:21 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Carassius carassius (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545]). •Valid as Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:185 [ref. 26385], Szczerbowski in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:5 [ref. 25856], López et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27366], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Hammer & Walker 2004:91 [ref. 28129], Menni 2004:71 [ref. 28131], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:60 [ref. 28183], Mundy 2005:150 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:346 [ref. 29004], Fricke et al. 2007:36 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:142 [ref. 29996], McPhail 2007:60 [ref. 31199], Shrestha 2008:55 [ref. 29923], Fricke et al. 2009:23 [ref. 30213], Minckley & Marsh 2009:175 [ref. 31114], Coad 2010:156 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:368 [ref. 33391], Fricke et al. 2011:355 [ref. 31242], Page & Burr 2011:154 [ref. 31215], Marshall 2011:121 [ref. 31755], Yang 2011:4747 [ref. 37585], Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063], Kottelat 2013:84 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:991 [ref. 33194], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], McDowall & Stewart 2015:312 [ref. 34241], Zhang et al. 2016:83 [ref. 34477], Miesen et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34492]). •Valid as Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:820 [ref. 20661], Okada 1961:526 [ref. 6363], Chen & Huang 1977:432 [ref. 8497], Mai 1978:24 [ref. 13511], Lee et al. 1980:147 [ref. 22416], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:164 [ref. 25473], Wang 1984:15 [ref. 22951], Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:143 [ref. 26639], Smith 1986:119 [ref. 22186], Lelek 1987:171 [ref. 22962], Robison & Buchanan 1988:173 [ref. 23393], Paxton et al. 1989:216 [ref. 12442], Zhou in Chu & Chen 1989:350 [ref. 13584], Paulin et al. 1989:81 [ref. 24556], Zheng et al. 1989:239 [ref. 21202], McAllister 1990:58 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:81 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:64 [ref. 18983], Coad 1991:15 [ref. 15702], Yang 1991:198 [ref. 13585], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:229 [ref. 23876], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:161 [ref. 20764], Wu & Wu 1992:517 [ref. 21205], Boschung 1992:45 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:141 [ref. 22809], Kottelat et al. 1993:33 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:189 [ref. 24071], Ding 1994:419 [ref. 21531], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:275 [ref. 21581], La Rivers 1994:454 [ref. 23389], Coad 1995:14 [ref. 23608], Baxter & Stone 1995:58 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:61 [ref. 23376], Yang & Chen 1995:99 [ref. 23555], Cross & Collins 1995:53 [ref. 23394], Zhu 1995:99 [ref. 25213], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Brumley in McDowall 1996:99 [ref. 22909], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Mettee et al. 1996:151 [ref. 25836], Sigler & Sigler 1996:66 [ref. 25943], Murdy et al. 1997:85 [ref. 23144], Kim 1997:158 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702], Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438], Bianco 1997:620 [ref. 26725], Chen in Chen 1998:259 [ref. 23556], Bogutskaya 1998:91 [ref. 23589], Castro et al. 1998:79 [ref. 24271], Scott & Crossman 1998:391 [ref. 24570], Fricke 1999:83 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:147 [ref. 25013], Fuller et al. 1999:53 [ref. 25838], Dyer 2000:89 [ref. 26678], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:429 [ref. 25272], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Lyons et al. 2000:47 [ref. 26594], Tang et al. 2001:13 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:20 [ref. 25482], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Kottelat 2001:42 [ref. 25780], Hutchins 2001:21 [ref. 25847], Ross et al. 2001:130 [ref. 25978], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:164 [ref. 26566], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Skelton 2001:189 [ref. 27406], Kim & Park 2002:55 [ref. 25913], Allen et al. 2002:360 [ref. 25930], Choi et al. 2003:156, 501 [ref. 26218], Moyle 2002:170 [ref. 26449], Mirza 2003:12 [ref. 27265], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:120 [ref. 27816], Bailey et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:88 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:155 [ref. 27995], Hanel & Lusk 2005:263 [ref. 28804], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Hammer et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32389], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:869 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:48 [ref. 35029], Esmaeili et al. 2015:120 [ref. 35030], Mirande & Koerber 2015:10 [ref. 35117], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35254], Kottelat 2017:327 [ref. 35658], Esmaeili et al. 2018:23 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:58 [ref. 35805], Kuiter 2018:98 [ref. 36369], Rylková et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 35881], Al-Moussawi & Afrasiab 2019:36 [ref. 37204], Ćaleta et al. 2019:152 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Zhang et al. 2019:351 [ref. 36699], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:61 [ref. 37983], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Angulo 2021:13 [ref. 38913], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Fu et al. 2021:9571 [ref. 39347], Guo 2021:472 [ref. 38617], Taki et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39830], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39245], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511] species complex, Bagley et al. 2023:313 [ref. 41241], Chan et al. 2023:134 [ref. 40365], Chen et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40668], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:458 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:362 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[11] [ref. 40328], Jamandre 2023:165 [ref. 40455], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40667], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:137 [ref. 40789], Fricke et al. 2024:161 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: East Asia: China and Japan. Introduced widely elsewhere; many cultivated goldfish varieties. IUCN (2013): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.