langsdorfii, Carassius Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:192, Pl. 98 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Syntypes: (10 of the following) RMNH D1712 (1, stuffed), D1715-16 (1, 1) and D1718-19 (1, 1) all stuffed, 2369 (1), 2379 (10), 2387-88 (3, 1). Type information: Boeseman 1947:153 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:820 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Carassius gibelio (Bloch 1782), but a valid subspecies -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:352 [ref. 25598]). •Synonym of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Sato 1995:48 [ref. 25531], Takahashi et al. 1997:42 [ref. 24971], Sato et al. 1998:30 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:5 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:253 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:62 [ref. 26000], Sakai et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:253 [ref. 26001], Hagiwara 2003:35 [ref. 27188]). •Valid as Carassius langsdorfii Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Yonezawa et al. 2010:251 [ref. 30902] as langsdorfi, Matsunuma et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31558], Kalous et al. 2012:11 [ref. 32063], Barbieri et al. 2015:50 [ref. 35029], Rylková et al. 2018:[6] [ref. 35881], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747] as langsdorfi, Çiçek et al. 2024:139 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Carassius langsdorfii Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Introduced in Albania, Greece, Italy, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.