rufus, Discognathus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1071 [81] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Lectotype: NMW 53240 (108 mm SL). Paralectotypes: NMW 53240 (7 of 8), SMF 553 [ex NMW] (1). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [ref. 2067]. On p. 81 of separate [ref. 2067]. Lectotype selected by Krupp & Schneider 1989:368 [ref. 13651]. •Valid as Garra rufa (Heckel 1843) -- (Goren 1974:80 [ref. 7502], Coad 1981:10 [ref. 22348], Krupp & Schneider 1989:369 [ref. 13651], Coad 1991:17 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:17 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Hamidan 2004:388 [ref. 37679], Fricke et al. 2007:39 [ref. 29533], Coad 2010:180 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:369 [ref. 33391], Khalaf 2013:5 [ref. 37897], Hamidan et al. 2014:234 [ref. 33626], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2015:78 [ref. 34042], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2016:45 [ref. 34341], Esmaeili et al. 2016:107 [ref. 34620], Freyhof 2016:500 [ref. 34805], Esmaeili et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35254], Bayçelebi et al. 2018:232 [ref. 36324], Esmaeili et al. 2018:28 [ref. 36089], Sun et al. 2018:67 [ref. 35784], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2018:287 [ref. 36205], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37983], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:267 [ref. 38079], Bayçelebi et al. 2021:170 [ref. 38238], Zamani-Faradonbe et al. 2021:385 [ref. 38714], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1401 [ref. 39565], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2022:434 [ref. 39728], Çiçek et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:360 [ref. 40625], Malek-Hosseini et al. 2023:104 [ref. 40632], Saad et al. 2023:15 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:126 [ref. 40789], Kaya et al. 2024:351 [ref. 40963]). Current status: Valid as Garra rufa (Heckel 1843). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae. Distribution: Asia Minor, Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). A hypogean phenotype found in southwestern Iran (Malek-Hosseini et al. 2023:104 [ref. 40632]). Dead Sea tributary populations belong to Garra jordanica Hamidan, Geiger & Freyhof 2014. Habitat: freshwater.
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