theraps, Therapon Cuvier [G.] (ex Commerson) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:129, Pl. 53 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 3; ref. 4879] Java, Indonesia; Mahé [Seychelles, western Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: MNHN A-5518 (1, dry) Indian Ocean, 7901 (1) Java, A-0210 (2, dry) Java; Bélanger spec. not found. Type catalog: Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:90 [ref. 12478], Bauchot & Daget 1996:241 [ref. 22899]. Original genus should have been spelled Terapon. Based on drawing by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist), misidentified by Lacepède as Holocentrus servus (non Bloch 1790). Also appeared as footnote in Cuvier 1829:148 [ref. 995] with reference to Cuvier 1829 [ref. 21175]. Declared a nomen protectum by Parenti et al. 2013:306. •Valid as Pseudoterapon theraps (Cuvier 1829) -- (Lee & Tsai 1999:283 [ref. 24218], Allen & Adrim 2003:34 [ref. 26830]). •Valid as Therapon [sic] theraps Cuvier 1829 -- (Dor 1984:108 [ref. 29757], Cheng & Zhou 1997:312 [ref. 26385]). •Valid as Eutherapon theraps (Cuvier 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:369 [ref. 32989], Yoshigou 2019:132 [ref. 36562]). •Valid as Terapon theraps Cuvier 1829 -- (Vari 1978:259 [ref. 4514], Kyushin et al. 1982:105 [ref. 19754], Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984:174 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:544 [ref. 5660], Allen & Swainston 1988:62 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:537 [ref. 12442], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:812 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:108 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:29 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:153 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:250 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:98 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:356 [ref. 23967], Shimizu & Hatooka 1997:4 [ref. 24377], Carpenter et al. 1997:150 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:107 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:134 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:507 [ref. 25919], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:243 [ref. 24754], Mishra et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25315], Johnson 1999:731 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:87 [ref. 37268], Vari in Randall & Lim 2000:612 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:951 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:208 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:183 [ref. 25480], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:98 [ref. 26368], Johnson 2001:731 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:31 [ref. 25847], Vari 2001:3316 [ref. 26126], Nakabo 2002:951 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:358, 628 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S105 [ref. 27377], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:125 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:181 [ref. 28072], Allen et al. 2006:1342 [ref. 29004], Satapoomin 2009:197 [ref. 30463], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:43 [ref. 36649], Allen & Erdmann 2012:362 [ref. 31980], Davis et al. 2012:1173 [ref. 32013], Hata et al. 2012:30 [ref. 32412], Minos et al. 2013:401 [ref. 32860], Larson et al. 2013:163 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:169 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33460], Fricke et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:204 [ref. 34104], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2015:72 [ref. 34319], Motomura et al. 2017:176 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:320 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:245 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:70 [ref. 36273], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:272 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:118 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 21 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:143 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:35 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:401 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:82 [ref. 37637], Kovačić et al. 2021:64 [ref. 39014], Taki et al. 2021:384 [ref. 39830], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:149 [ref. 41223], Vari 2022:154 [ref. 39751], Çiçek et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40616], Vilasri et al. 2023:92 [ref. 40764], Abe et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41435], Allen & Erdmann 2024:387 [ref. 40796], Sakurai et al. 2024:78 [ref. 41426]). Current status: Valid as Terapon theraps Cuvier 1829. Terapontidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Philippines and Rotuma (Fiji), north to Korea and Miyagi Prefecture (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (immigrant through Suez Canal). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.