cyanopterus, Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:790 [6] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3724] Itaqui, Rio Uruguay, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 2549. Type catalog: Britski 1969:211 [ref. 12401]. On p. 6 of separate. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891) -- (Gosse 1976:127 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:268 [ref. 6638], Wimburger et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23857], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.