hispidus, Balistes Linnaeus [C.] (ex Seba) 1766:405 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolinas, U.S.A. No types known (but see Wheeler 1985). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:73 [ref. 20705]. Genera ending in lepis are feminine, so spelling of the adjective [= rough or hairy] should be hispida. Based on 'Balistes varius dorso monocantho' of Seba 1759:106, pl. 34, fig. 2 [ref. 18716]. •Valid as Monacanthus hispidus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:301 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:565 [ref. 25518], Boschung 1992:181 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1996:103 [ref. 24489], Murdy et al. 1997:263 [ref. 23144]). •Valid as Stephanolepis hispida (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Berry & Vogele 1961:71 [ref. 19549], Tortonese 1973:643 [ref. 7192], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:468 [ref. 14275], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1339 [ref. 13677], McAllister 1990:226 [ref. 14674], Harmelin-Vivien & Quéro 1990:1065 [ref. 19527], Cervigón 1992:360 [ref. 23827], Azevedo & Heemstra 1995:7 [ref. 22269], Andreata & Séret 1996:590 [ref. 16204] in Stenophanolepis, Santos et al. 1997:114 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:122 [ref. 24952], Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:505 [ref. 24550], Afonso et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25466], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:351 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:170 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:146 [ref. 27639], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:596 [ref. 26158], Matsuura 2003:1979 [ref. 27119], Menezes & Moura in Menezes et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:911 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2007:42 [ref. 30263], García-Hernández et al. 2009:94 [ref. 37265] as hispidus, Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503] as hispidus, Page et al. 2013:190 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32972], Fabiano et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33530], Matsuura 2014:13 [ref. 33576], Costa et al. 2015:1061 [ref. 37495] as hispidus, Pinheiro et al. 2015:35 [ref. 34324], Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3062 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35565], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:226 [ref. 37250] as hispidus, Reiner 2019:307 [ref. 38139] as hispidus, Ribeiro et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36717], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:703 [ref. 38945] as hispidus, Fermon et al. 2022:309 [ref. 39448], Bagley et al. 2023:324 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:280 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463] as hispidus, Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Stephanolepis hispida (Linnaeus 1766). Monacanthidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Canada) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Morocco south to Angola, including Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2017): Least Concern (as. Stephanolepis hispidus). Habitat: marine.
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