modestoides, Cantherines Barnard [K. H.] 1927:78 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 20 (no. 115) (art. 8); ref. 193] Algoa Bay, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 12834. •Valid as Thamnaconus modestoides (Barnard 1927) -- (Hutchins 1977:57 [ref. 2283], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:361 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:629, 744 [ref. 8056], Hutchins 1986:887 [ref. 5673], Allen & Swainston 1988:152 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:69 [ref. 13251], Goren & Dor 1994:74 [ref. 25356], Suzuki & Hosokawa 1997:3 [ref. 24370], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:192 [ref. 23219], Allen 1997:242 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:238 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:589 [ref. 24106], Hutchins in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1407 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Hutchins 2001:3947 [ref. 26316], Nakabo 2002:1407 [ref. 26193], Shinohara et al. 2005:444 [ref. 28370], Allen et al. 2006:1899 [ref. 29098], Fricke et al. 2009:119 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2014:13 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2018:382 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:136 [ref. 37020], Sonoyama et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37637], Mochizuki et al. 2021:53 [ref. 38974], Dewa et al. 2022:30 [ref. 40001], Hutchins 2022:446 [ref. 40252]). Current status: Valid as Thamnaconus modestoides (Barnard 1927). Monacanthidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Indonesia, north to central Japan, south to northwestern Australia. Former Red Sea records are now assigned to T. erythraeensis Bauchot & Maugé 1978. Habitat: marine.