spengleri, Tetrodon Bloch [M. E.] 1785:135, Pl. 144 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 1; ref. 4866] Seas of East Indies (erroneous, should be West Indies). Syntypes: ZMB 4239 (2). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:150 [ref. 24282]. On p. 134 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 4 [ref. 21381]. Original genus should have been spelled Tetraodon. •Valid as Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch 1785) -- (Tortonese 1973:646 [ref. 7192], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1345 [ref. 13677], Robins & Ray 1986:306 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:183 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:449 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1996:126 [ref. 24489], Aguilera 1998:54 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:515 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:356 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:171 [ref. 27754], Ebert 2001:78 [ref. 25494], Rocha & Rosa 2001:992 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:146 [ref. 27639], Shipp 2003:2003 [ref. 27120], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:71 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:185 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:928 [ref. 28815], García-Hernández et al. 2009:94 [ref. 37265], Page et al. 2013:191 [ref. 32708], Catelani et al. 2014:933 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:88 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:35 [ref. 34324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:226 [ref. 37250], Ribeiro et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36717], Robertson et al. 2020:164 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:78 [ref. 38844], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:716 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:73 [ref. 39585], Araujo et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40392], Carvalho-Filho 2023:284 [ref. 40480] as aff. spengleri, Gurgel-Lourenço et al. 2023:82 [ref. 41056] as cf. spengleri, Hoff et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40463], Hunt et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40687], Page et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch 1785). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2014): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.
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