arel, Pleuronectes Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:159 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Lectotype: ZMB 2431. Paralectotypes: (3, lost) Type catalog: Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:68 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Menon 1977:60 [ref. 7071], Dor 1984:271 [ref. 29757], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:356 [ref. 6441], Ataur Rahman 1989:34 [ref. 24860], Coad 1991:27 [ref. 15702], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:209 [ref. 21500], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:235 [ref. 24016] as areal, Krishnan & Mishra 1994:300 [ref. 24014], Goren & Dor 1994:72 [ref. 25356], Li & Wang 1995:341 [ref. 16193], Randall 1995:363 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:599 [ref. 27969] with author as Schneider, Carpenter et al. 1997:231 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:177 [ref. 26476], Munroe in Randall & Lim 2000:646 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1389 [ref. 25182], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Munroe 2001:3894 [ref. 26314] with author as Schneider, Nakabo 2002:1389 [ref. 26193], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S123 [ref. 27377], Ataur Rahman 2003:49 [ref. 31338], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:47 [ref. 27712] with author as Schneider, Ho et al. 2009:13 [ref. 31461], Kimura in Matsuura & Kimura 2009:322 [ref. 31170], Yoshida et al. 2013:221 [ref. 34464], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2015:95 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:328 [ref. 34104], Voronina et al. 2016:403 [ref. 35064], Fricke et al. 2017:83 [ref. 35160], Ali et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36183], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:299 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:121 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 12 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:598 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:495 [ref. 39830], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:289 [ref. 41223], Munroe 2022:370 [ref. 40234], Tashiro 2022:86 [ref. 39012], Ummath et al. 2024:[10] [ref. 41632]). Current status: Valid as Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Vietnam, north to southern Japan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.
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