orientalis, Leuciscus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:484 [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Abkhazia [Abasie], Georgia [Asia]. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Bănărescu 1982:77 [ref. 8508]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742]). •Valid as Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:157 [ref. 34748], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644]. Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[35] [ref. 40328] with question, Çiçek et al. 2024:261 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius orientalis (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea region. Habitat: freshwater.