firmamentum, Tetraodon Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:280, Pl. 126 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D1560 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1845.6.22.229 [ex RMNH] (stuffed); RMNH D1559 (1, stuffed), 4033 (1), 4034 (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:202 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Boesemanichthys firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:307 [ref. 19754], Yabe in Amaoka et al. 1983:163, 218 [ref. 8379], Choi et al. 2003:453, 696 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Arothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Hardy 1980:116 [ref. 37753], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Paulin et al. 1989:245 [ref. 24556], Kuiter 1993:422 [ref. 23929], Matsuura & Tachikawa 1994:145 [ref. 21905], Gomon et al. 1994:903 [ref. 22532], Matsuura 1994:29 [ref. 21445], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:xiv [ref. 21953], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:199 [ref. 23219], Lindberg et al. 1997:165 [ref. 23547], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:648 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1427 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1427 [ref. 26193], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2003:879 [ref. 27136], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:452 [ref. 28072], Hoese et al. 2006:1913 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:850 [ref. 30661], Motomura et al. 2010:237 [ref. 31256], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1732 [ref. 34322], Matsuura 2016:[6] [ref. 34211], Kim et al. 2020:201 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:130 [ref. 37637], Matsuura 2022:457 [ref. 40261]). Current status: Valid as Arothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Tetraodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Argentina; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa; Taiwan to Japan; southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand; antitropical. Habitat: marine.