melanopterus, Xyliphius Orcés V. [G.] 1962:52, Figs. 3-4 [Ciencia y Naturaleza (Quito) v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 5121] Bajo Pucayacu no lejos de su desembocadura en el Bobonaza, Amazon system, Colombia. Holotype: Author's coll. 2021. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:62 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Xyliphius melanopterus Orcés V. 1962 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559] as Xiliphius melanopterus, Ortega & Vari 1986:14 [ref. 9708], Mees 1988:90 [ref. 6401], Friel in Reis et al. 2003:265 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:62 [ref. 29155], Calviño & Castello 2008:55 [ref. 29670], Figueiredo & Britto 2010:105 [ref. 30760], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Carvalho et al. 2017:26 [ref. 35187], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:85 [ref. 35633], Terán et al. 2024:Supplementary material 2, p. 2 [ref. 41358]). Current status: Valid as Xyliphius melanopterus Orcés V. 1962. Aspredinidae: Aspredininae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.