brucus, Squalus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Broussonet) 1788:11 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] "L'Ocean" (is Bayonne, Bay of Biscay, France, northeastern Atlantic Ocean). Holotype lost. Based on 'Le Bouclé' of Broussonet 1784:672 [ref. 20282]. Holotype illustrated in manuscript of Du Verney & La Hire 1680:Pl. 23; reproduced by Iglésias & Mollen 2020:181, Fig. 4 [ref. 37479]. Comments on original description, sources and type locality see Iglésias & Mollen 2020:180 [ref. 37479]. •Valid as Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Krefft & Tortonese 1973:44 [ref. 7165], McEachran & Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:138 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:26 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:11 [ref. 6441], Bass & Compagno 1986:63 [ref. 5637], Robins & Ray 1986:32 [ref. 23100], Gubanov & Timoxin 1989:226 [ref. 36138], Paulin et al. 1989:12 [ref. 24556], Paxton et al. 1989:34 [ref. 12442], Springer 1990:6 [ref. 19315], Compagno et al. 1991:54 [ref. 21083], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:85 [ref. 25472] with authorship as Garman 1884, Gomon et al. 1994:109 [ref. 22532], Last & Stevens 1994:45 [ref. 23873], Santos et al. 1997:118 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:21 [ref. 24952], Adam et al. 1998:6 [ref. 23610], Compagno & Niem 1998:1212 [ref. 23787], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:103 [ref. 23897], Morón et al. 1999:143 [ref. 24253], Compagno 1999:472 [ref. 25589], Nakabo 2000:143 [ref. 25086], Caille & Olsen 2000:117 [ref. 25275], Hutchins 2001:15 [ref. 25847], Soto 2001:65, 91 [ref. 26637], Burgess in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:47 [ref. 26158], Shinohara et al. 2001:288 [ref. 25995], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:18 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:143 [ref. 26001], Compagno 2003:377 [ref. 26984], Gadig & Gomes in Menezes et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27192], Moore et al. 2003:168 [ref. 27076], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S93 [ref. 27377], Kiraly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 28226], Espinosa Pérez et al. 2004:90 [ref. 27705], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:15 [ref. 27735], Nelson et al. 2004:49 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:99 [ref. 28379], Hoese et al. 2006:138 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2007:15 [ref. 29533], White 2008:79 [ref. 30617], George 2009:55 [ref. 30539], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:11 [ref. 36649], Castro 2011:44 [ref. 31457], Page et al. 2013:53 [ref. 32708], Psomadakis et al. 2015:73 [ref. 34104], Stewart 2015:121 [ref. 34217], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:57 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:52 [ref. 34211], Compagno 2016:1152 [ref. 34544], Nión et al. 2016:21 [ref. 35565], Biscoito et al. 2018:487 [ref. 37562], Ehemann et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36194], Iglésias & Mollen 2018:1 [ref. 38907], Kumar et al. 2018:292 [ref. 36178], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:115 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:39 [ref. 37250], Ehemann et al. 2019:[4] [ref. 36861], Iglésias & Mollen 2020:173 [ref. 37479], Kabasakal 2020:40 [ref. 37952], Kovačić et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:160 [ref. 37272] as cf. brucus, Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Ebert et al. 2021:20 [ref. 38234], Kovačić et al. 2021:14 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:3 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:38 [ref. 39527], Blanco-Parra & Niño-Torres 2022:Correction, p. 2 [ref. 38986], Ebert 2022:416 [ref. 39657], Fahmi 2022:[2] [ref. 39864], Fermon et al. 2022:101 [ref. 39448], Moazzam & Osmany 2022:198 [ref. 40666], Balàka et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40410], Ehemann & Zambrano-Vizquel 2023:[2] [ref. 40623], Mollen & Iglesias 2023:660 [ref. 40602], Page et al. 2023:42 [ref. 40505], Artüz & Fricke 2024:536 [ref. 41509], Battiata et al. 2024:12 [ref. 40962], Fricke et al. 2024:82 [ref. 41622], Leeney 2024:14 [ref. 40985]). Current status: Valid as Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre 1788). Echinorhinidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to central Patagonia (Argentina), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; southern North Sea; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to South Africa; Indian Ocean: South Africa east to Indonesia; southwestern Pacific: ?New Zealand. Habitat: marine.