spinacidermis, Raia Barnard [K. H.] 1923:440 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 13 (pt 8, no. 14); ref. 191] South Africa (exact locality unknown). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1935.7.19.7. •Valid as Raja spinacidermis Barnard 1923 -- (Stehmann 1973:65 [ref. 7168], Stehmann & Bürkel in Whitehead et al. 1984:182 [ref. 13675], Hulley 1986:125 [ref. 5672], McAllister 1990:38 [ref. 14674], Stehmann 1990:36 [ref. 19316], Compagno et al. 1991:97 [ref. 21083], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:95 [ref. 25472], Nakaya in Okamura et al. 1995:59 [ref. 22531]). •Valid as Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard 1923) -- (McEachran & Dunn 1998:286 [ref. 23312], Stehmann 1995:28 [ref. 22055], Compagno 1999:491 [ref. 25589], Moore et al. 2003:171 [ref. 27076], Carvalho et al. 2005:256 [ref. 28271], Compagno & Ebert 2007:137 [ref. 30471], Costa & Mincarone 2010:286 [ref. 37483], Møller et al. 2010:17 [ref. 31169], Afonso et al. 2016:12, 217 [ref. 36199], Séret 2016:1345 [ref. 34545], Last et al. 2016:23 [ref. 34941], Last et al. 2016:296 [ref. 35000], McEachran & Séret 2016:1386 [ref. 34551], Weigmann 2016:114 [ref. 34211], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:141 [ref. 37302], Ebert et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38234], Page et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40505], Leeney 2024:74 [ref. 40985]). Current status: Valid as Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard 1923). Rajidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: off Brazil; North Atlantic; southeastern Atlantic: Namibia to Cape Point (South Africa). Habitat: marine.